LOCUS       NM_001270452            1059 bp    mRNA    linear   PRI 09-FEB-2025
DEFINITION  Homo sapiens serine protease 21 (PRSS21), transcript variant 4,
            mRNA.
ACCESSION   NM_001270452
VERSION     NM_001270452.2
KEYWORDS    RefSeq.
SOURCE      Homo sapiens (human)
  ORGANISM  Homo sapiens
            Eukaryota; Metazoa; Chordata; Craniata; Vertebrata; Euteleostomi;
            Mammalia; Eutheria; Euarchontoglires; Primates; Haplorrhini;
            Catarrhini; Hominidae; Homo.
REFERENCE   1  (bases 1 to 1059)
  AUTHORS   Driesbaugh,K.H., Buzza,M.S., Martin,E.W., Conway,G.D., Kao,J.P. and
            Antalis,T.M.
  TITLE     Proteolytic activation of the protease-activated receptor (PAR)-2
            by the glycosylphosphatidylinositol-anchored serine protease
            testisin
  JOURNAL   J Biol Chem 290 (6), 3529-3541 (2015)
   PUBMED   25519908
  REMARK    GeneRIF: Testisin activates PAR-2, inducing PAR-2 loss from the
            cell surface, internalization, and cellular signaling.
REFERENCE   2  (bases 1 to 1059)
  AUTHORS   Yeom,S.Y., Jang,H.L., Lee,S.J., Kim,E., Son,H.J., Kim,B.G. and
            Park,C.
  TITLE     Interaction of testisin with maspin and its impact on invasion and
            cell death resistance of cervical cancer cells
  JOURNAL   FEBS Lett 584 (8), 1469-1475 (2010)
   PUBMED   20211623
  REMARK    GeneRIF: Testisin may promote carcinogenesis by inhibiting tumor
            suppressor activity of maspin.
REFERENCE   3  (bases 1 to 1059)
  AUTHORS   Netzel-Arnett,S., Bugge,T.H., Hess,R.A., Carnes,K., Stringer,B.W.,
            Scarman,A.L., Hooper,J.D., Tonks,I.D., Kay,G.F. and Antalis,T.M.
  TITLE     The glycosylphosphatidylinositol-anchored serine protease PRSS21
            (testisin) imparts murine epididymal sperm cell maturation and
            fertilizing ability
  JOURNAL   Biol Reprod 81 (5), 921-932 (2009)
   PUBMED   19571264
  REMARK    GeneRIF: These data suggest that aberrant regulation of PRSS21 may
            underlie certain secondary male infertility syndromes, such as
            'easily decapitated' spermatozoa in humans.
REFERENCE   4  (bases 1 to 1059)
  AUTHORS   Kempkensteffen,C., Christoph,F., Weikert,S., Krause,H.,
            Kollermann,J., Schostak,M., Miller,K. and Schrader,M.
  TITLE     Epigenetic silencing of the putative tumor suppressor gene testisin
            in testicular germ cell tumors
  JOURNAL   J Cancer Res Clin Oncol 132 (12), 765-770 (2006)
   PUBMED   16810501
  REMARK    GeneRIF: The results demonstrate for the first time that aberrant
            methylation of specific CpG sites near the transcription initiation
            site is an important factor in testisin gene silencing in TGCT.
REFERENCE   5  (bases 1 to 1059)
  AUTHORS   Manton,K.J., Douglas,M.L., Netzel-Arnett,S., Fitzpatrick,D.R.,
            Nicol,D.L., Boyd,A.W., Clements,J.A. and Antalis,T.M.
  TITLE     Hypermethylation of the 5' CpG island of the gene encoding the
            serine protease Testisin promotes its loss in testicular
            tumorigenesis
  JOURNAL   Br J Cancer 92 (4), 760-769 (2005)
   PUBMED   15685234
  REMARK    GeneRIF: Loss of Testisin is caused, at least in part, by DNA
            hypermethylation and histone deacetylation, and suggest a tumour
            suppressor role for Testisin in testicular tumorigenesis.
            Erratum:[Br J Cancer. 2015 Dec 1;113(11):1640. doi:
            10.1038/bjc.2015.384.. PMID: 26625217]
REFERENCE   6  (bases 1 to 1059)
  AUTHORS   Hooper,J.D., Bowen,N., Marshall,H., Cullen,L.M., Sood,R.,
            Daniels,R., Stuttgen,M.A., Normyle,J.F., Higgs,D.R., Kastner,D.L.,
            Ogbourne,S.M., Pera,M.F., Jazwinska,E.C. and Antalis,T.M.
  TITLE     Localization, expression and genomic structure of the gene encoding
            the human serine protease testisin
  JOURNAL   Biochim Biophys Acta 1492 (1), 63-71 (2000)
   PUBMED   11004480
REFERENCE   7  (bases 1 to 1059)
  AUTHORS   Inoue,M., Isobe,M., Itoyama,T. and Kido,H.
  TITLE     Structural analysis of esp-1 gene (PRSS 21)
  JOURNAL   Biochem Biophys Res Commun 266 (2), 564-568 (1999)
   PUBMED   10600542
REFERENCE   8  (bases 1 to 1059)
  AUTHORS   Hooper,J.D., Nicol,D.L., Dickinson,J.L., Eyre,H.J., Scarman,A.L.,
            Normyle,J.F., Stuttgen,M.A., Douglas,M.L., Loveland,K.A.,
            Sutherland,G.R. and Antalis,T.M.
  TITLE     Testisin, a new human serine proteinase expressed by premeiotic
            testicular germ cells and lost in testicular germ cell tumors
  JOURNAL   Cancer Res 59 (13), 3199-3205 (1999)
   PUBMED   10397266
REFERENCE   9  (bases 1 to 1059)
  AUTHORS   Inoue,M., Kanbe,N., Kurosawa,M. and Kido,H.
  TITLE     Cloning and tissue distribution of a novel serine protease esp-1
            from human eosinophils
  JOURNAL   Biochem Biophys Res Commun 252 (2), 307-312 (1998)
   PUBMED   9826525
COMMENT     REVIEWED REFSEQ: This record has been curated by NCBI staff. The
            reference sequence was derived from AB031331.1, BI827608.1,
            BX454526.1 and AA860356.1.
            
            On May 31, 2019 this sequence version replaced NM_001270452.1.
            
            Summary: This gene encodes a cell-surface anchored serine protease,
            which is a member of the trypsin family of serine proteases. The
            encoded protein is predicted to be active on peptide linkages
            involving the carboxyl group of lysine or arginine. The encoded
            protein localizes to the cytoplasm and the plasma membrane of
            premeiotic testicular germ cells and may be involved in progression
            of testicular tumors of germ cell origin. Alternatively spliced
            transcript variants encoding multiple isoforms have been observed
            for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2012].
            
            Transcript Variant: This variant (4) uses two alternate splice
            sites in the coding region, which results in a frameshift, compared
            to variant 1. The encoded isoform (4) is shorter and has a distinct
            C-terminus, compared to isoform 1.
            
            Sequence Note: This RefSeq record was created from transcript and
            genomic sequence data to make the sequence consistent with the
            reference genome assembly. The genomic coordinates used for the
            transcript record were based on transcript alignments.
            
            ##Evidence-Data-START##
            Transcript exon combination :: SRR5189661.22231.1, BI827608.1
                                           [ECO:0000332]
            RNAseq introns              :: single sample supports all introns
                                           SAMEA1968968, SAMEA2142348
                                           [ECO:0000348]
            ##Evidence-Data-END##
            COMPLETENESS: full length.
PRIMARY     REFSEQ_SPAN         PRIMARY_IDENTIFIER PRIMARY_SPAN        COMP
            1-188               AB031331.1         58-245
            189-730             BI827608.1         134-675
            731-1053            BX454526.1         1-323               c
            1054-1059           AA860356.1         8-13                c
FEATURES             Location/Qualifiers
     source          1..1059
                     /organism="Homo sapiens"
                     /mol_type="mRNA"
                     /db_xref="taxon:9606"
                     /chromosome="16"
                     /map="16p13.3"
     gene            1..1059
                     /gene="PRSS21"
                     /gene_synonym="ESP-1; ESP1; TEST1; TESTISIN"
                     /note="serine protease 21"
                     /db_xref="GeneID:10942"
                     /db_xref="HGNC:HGNC:9485"
                     /db_xref="MIM:608159"
     exon            1..96
                     /gene="PRSS21"
                     /gene_synonym="ESP-1; ESP1; TEST1; TESTISIN"
                     /inference="alignment:Splign:2.1.0"
     CDS             33..710
                     /gene="PRSS21"
                     /gene_synonym="ESP-1; ESP1; TEST1; TESTISIN"
                     /note="isoform 4 preproprotein is encoded by transcript
                     variant 4; serine protease from eosinophils; eosinophil
                     serine protease 1; protease, serine 21"
                     /codon_start=1
                     /product="testisin isoform 4 preproprotein"
                     /protein_id="NP_001257381.1"
                     /db_xref="GeneID:10942"
                     /db_xref="HGNC:HGNC:9485"
                     /db_xref="MIM:608159"
                     /translation="MGARGALLLALLLARAGLRKPESQEAAPLSGPCGRRVITSRIVG
                     GEDAELGRWPWQGSLRLWDSHVCGVSLLSHRWALTAAHCFETDLSDPSGWMVQFGQLT
                     SMPSFWSLQAYYTRYFVSNIYLSPRYLGNSPYDIALVKLSAPVTYTKHIQPICLQAST
                     FEFENRTDCWVTGWGYIKEDEGSSGRHHKQLYVQPPLPQVQFPQGHLWRHGLCWQCPR
                     REGCLLR"
     exon            97..123
                     /gene="PRSS21"
                     /gene_synonym="ESP-1; ESP1; TEST1; TESTISIN"
                     /inference="alignment:Splign:2.1.0"
     exon            124..289
                     /gene="PRSS21"
                     /gene_synonym="ESP-1; ESP1; TEST1; TESTISIN"
                     /inference="alignment:Splign:2.1.0"
     exon            290..576
                     /gene="PRSS21"
                     /gene_synonym="ESP-1; ESP1; TEST1; TESTISIN"
                     /inference="alignment:Splign:2.1.0"
     exon            577..705
                     /gene="PRSS21"
                     /gene_synonym="ESP-1; ESP1; TEST1; TESTISIN"
                     /inference="alignment:Splign:2.1.0"
     exon            706..1059
                     /gene="PRSS21"
                     /gene_synonym="ESP-1; ESP1; TEST1; TESTISIN"
                     /inference="alignment:Splign:2.1.0"
     regulatory      1016..1021
                     /regulatory_class="polyA_signal_sequence"
                     /gene="PRSS21"
                     /gene_synonym="ESP-1; ESP1; TEST1; TESTISIN"
                     /note="hexamer: AATAAA"
     polyA_site      1059
                     /gene="PRSS21"
                     /gene_synonym="ESP-1; ESP1; TEST1; TESTISIN"
                     /note="major polyA site"
ORIGIN      
        1 agagggggcg tcaggccgcg ggagaggagg ccatgggcgc gcgcggggcg ctgctgctgg
       61 cgctgctgct ggctcgggct ggactcagga agccggagtc gcaggaggcg gcgccgttat
      121 caggaccatg cggccgacgg gtcatcacgt cgcgcatcgt gggtggagag gacgccgaac
      181 tcgggcgttg gccgtggcag gggagcctgc gcctgtggga ttcccacgta tgcggagtga
      241 gcctgctcag ccaccgctgg gcactcacgg cggcgcactg ctttgaaact gaccttagtg
      301 atccctccgg gtggatggtc cagtttggcc agctgacttc catgccatcc ttctggagcc
      361 tgcaggccta ctacacccgt tacttcgtat cgaatatcta tctgagccct cgctacctgg
      421 ggaattcacc ctatgacatt gccttggtga agctgtctgc acctgtcacc tacactaaac
      481 acatccagcc catctgtctc caggcctcca catttgagtt tgagaaccgg acagactgct
      541 gggtgactgg ctgggggtac atcaaagagg atgagggaag ttcaggtcgc catcataaac
      601 aactctatgt gcaaccacct cttcctcaag tacagtttcc gcaaggacat ctttggagac
      661 atggtttgtg ctggcaatgc ccaaggcggg aaggatgcct gcttcggtga ctcaggtgga
      721 cccttggcct gtaacaagaa tggactgtgg tatcagattg gagtcgtgag ctggggagtg
      781 ggctgtggtc ggcccaatcg gcccggtgtc tacaccaata tcagccacca ctttgagtgg
      841 atccagaagc tgatggccca gagtggcatg tcccagccag acccctcctg gccgctactc
      901 tttttccctc ttctctgggc tctcccactc ctggggccgg tctgagccta cctgagccca
      961 tgcagcctgg ggccactgcc aagtcaggcc ctggttctct tctgtcttgt ttggtaataa
     1021 acacattcca gttgatgcct tgcagggcat tcttcaaaa
//
