LOCUS       NM_002762                680 bp    mRNA    linear   PRI 12-FEB-2024
DEFINITION  Homo sapiens protamine 2 (PRM2), transcript variant 1, mRNA.
ACCESSION   NM_002762
VERSION     NM_002762.4
KEYWORDS    RefSeq; MANE Select.
SOURCE      Homo sapiens (human)
  ORGANISM  Homo sapiens
            Eukaryota; Metazoa; Chordata; Craniata; Vertebrata; Euteleostomi;
            Mammalia; Eutheria; Euarchontoglires; Primates; Haplorrhini;
            Catarrhini; Hominidae; Homo.
REFERENCE   1  (bases 1 to 680)
  AUTHORS   Amor,H., Jankowski,P.M., Dahadhah,F.W., Al Zoubi,M.S. and
            Hammadeh,M.E.
  TITLE     Impact of tobacco smoking in association with H2BFWT, PRM1 and PRM2
            genes variants on male infertility
  JOURNAL   Andrologia 54 (11), e14611 (2022)
   PUBMED   36217675
  REMARK    GeneRIF: Impact of tobacco smoking in association with H2BFWT, PRM1
            and PRM2 genes variants on male infertility.
REFERENCE   2  (bases 1 to 680)
  AUTHORS   Amjad,S., Mushtaq,S., Rehman,R., Zahid,N., Munir,A. and
            Siddiqui,P.Q.R.
  TITLE     Spermatozoa retrieval in azoospermia and expression profile of
            JMJD1A, TNP2, and PRM2 in a subset of the Karachi population
  JOURNAL   Andrology 9 (6), 1934-1942 (2021)
   PUBMED   34235877
  REMARK    GeneRIF: Spermatozoa retrieval in azoospermia and expression
            profile of JMJD1A, TNP2, and PRM2 in a subset of the Karachi
            population.
REFERENCE   3  (bases 1 to 680)
  AUTHORS   Amor,H., Zeyad,A. and Hammadeh,M.E.
  TITLE     Tobacco smoking and its impact on the expression level of sperm
            nuclear protein genes: H2BFWT, TNP1, TNP2, PRM1 and PRM2
  JOURNAL   Andrologia 53 (3), e13964 (2021)
   PUBMED   33440036
  REMARK    GeneRIF: Tobacco smoking and its impact on the expression level of
            sperm nuclear protein genes: H2BFWT, TNP1, TNP2, PRM1 and PRM2.
REFERENCE   4  (bases 1 to 680)
  AUTHORS   Amjad,S., Mushtaq,S., Rehman,R., Munir,A., Zahid,N. and
            Siddique,P.Q.R.
  TITLE     Protamine 1/Protamine 2 mRNA ratio in nonobstructive azoospermic
            patients
  JOURNAL   Andrologia 53 (3), e13936 (2021)
   PUBMED   33427330
  REMARK    GeneRIF: Protamine 1/Protamine 2 mRNA ratio in nonobstructive
            azoospermic patients.
REFERENCE   5  (bases 1 to 680)
  AUTHORS   Arkhis,A., Martinage,A., Sautiere,P. and Chevaillier,P.
  TITLE     Molecular structure of human protamine P4 (HP4), a minor basic
            protein of human sperm nuclei
  JOURNAL   Eur J Biochem 200 (2), 387-392 (1991)
   PUBMED   1889406
REFERENCE   6  (bases 1 to 680)
  AUTHORS   Slomski,R., Schloesser,M., Chlebowska,H., Reiss,J. and Engel,W.
  TITLE     Detection of human spermatid-specific transcripts in peripheral
            blood lymphocytes of males and females
  JOURNAL   Hum Genet 87 (3), 307-310 (1991)
   PUBMED   1907596
REFERENCE   7  (bases 1 to 680)
  AUTHORS   Domenjoud,L., Nussbaum,G., Adham,I.M., Greeske,G. and Engel,W.
  TITLE     Genomic sequences of human protamines whose genes, PRM1 and PRM2,
            are clustered
  JOURNAL   Genomics 8 (1), 127-133 (1990)
   PUBMED   2081589
REFERENCE   8  (bases 1 to 680)
  AUTHORS   Viguie,F., Domenjoud,L., Rousseau-Merck,M.F., Dadoune,J.P. and
            Chevaillier,P.
  TITLE     Chromosomal localization of the human protamine genes, PRM1 and
            PRM2, to 16p13.3 by in situ hybridization
  JOURNAL   Hum Genet 85 (2), 171-174 (1990)
   PUBMED   2370044
REFERENCE   9  (bases 1 to 680)
  AUTHORS   Domenjoud,L., Fronia,C., Uhde,F. and Engel,W.
  TITLE     Sequence of human protamine 2 cDNA
  JOURNAL   Nucleic Acids Res 16 (15), 7733 (1988)
   PUBMED   3412906
REFERENCE   10 (bases 1 to 680)
  AUTHORS   McKay,D.J., Renaux,B.S. and Dixon,G.H.
  TITLE     Human sperm protamines. Amino-acid sequences of two forms of
            protamine P2
  JOURNAL   Eur J Biochem 156 (1), 5-8 (1986)
   PUBMED   3956509
COMMENT     REVIEWED REFSEQ: This record has been curated by NCBI staff. The
            reference sequence was derived from AC009121.8.
            
            On Jun 2, 2019 this sequence version replaced NM_002762.3.
            
            Summary: Protamines substitute for histones in the chromatin of
            sperm during the haploid phase of spermatogenesis, and are the
            major DNA-binding proteins in the nucleus of sperm in many
            vertebrates. They package the sperm DNA into a highly condensed
            complex in a volume less than 5% of a somatic cell nucleus. Many
            mammalian species have only one protamine (protamine 1); however, a
            few species, including human and mouse, have two. This gene encodes
            protamine 2, which is cleaved to give rise to a family of protamine
            2 peptides. Alternatively spliced transcript variants have also
            been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Sep 2015].
            
            Transcript Variant: This variant (1) represents the predominant
            transcript and encodes the predominant isoform (1).
            
            Publication Note:  This RefSeq record includes a subset of the
            publications that are available for this gene. Please see the Gene
            record to access additional publications.
            
            ##Evidence-Data-START##
            Transcript exon combination :: BC066338.1, BG704546.1 [ECO:0000332]
            RNAseq introns              :: single sample supports all introns
                                           SAMEA1965299, SAMEA1966682
                                           [ECO:0000348]
            ##Evidence-Data-END##
            
            ##RefSeq-Attributes-START##
            MANE Ensembl match     :: ENST00000241808.9/ ENSP00000241808.5
            RefSeq Select criteria :: based on manual assertion, conservation,
                                      expression
            ##RefSeq-Attributes-END##
            COMPLETENESS: complete on the 3' end.
PRIMARY     REFSEQ_SPAN         PRIMARY_IDENTIFIER PRIMARY_SPAN        COMP
            1-381               AC009121.8         87523-87903
            382-680             AC009121.8         88066-88364
FEATURES             Location/Qualifiers
     source          1..680
                     /organism="Homo sapiens"
                     /mol_type="mRNA"
                     /db_xref="taxon:9606"
                     /chromosome="16"
                     /map="16p13.13"
     gene            1..680
                     /gene="PRM2"
                     /gene_synonym="CT94.2"
                     /note="protamine 2"
                     /db_xref="GeneID:5620"
                     /db_xref="HGNC:HGNC:9448"
                     /db_xref="MIM:182890"
     exon            1..381
                     /gene="PRM2"
                     /gene_synonym="CT94.2"
                     /inference="alignment:Splign:2.1.0"
     CDS             111..419
                     /gene="PRM2"
                     /gene_synonym="CT94.2"
                     /note="isoform 1 is encoded by transcript variant 1;
                     cancer/testis antigen family 94, member 2; sperm protamine
                     P2; sperm histone P2; testicular secretory protein Li 40"
                     /codon_start=1
                     /product="protamine-2 isoform 1"
                     /protein_id="NP_002753.2"
                     /db_xref="CCDS:CCDS42118.1"
                     /db_xref="GeneID:5620"
                     /db_xref="HGNC:HGNC:9448"
                     /db_xref="MIM:182890"
                     /translation="MVRYRVRSLSERSHEVYRQQLHGQEQGHHGQEEQGLSPEHVEVY
                     ERTHGQSHYRRRHCSRRRLHRIHRRQHRSCRRRKRRSCRHRRRHRRGCRTRKRTCRRH
                     "
     exon            382..680
                     /gene="PRM2"
                     /gene_synonym="CT94.2"
                     /inference="alignment:Splign:2.1.0"
     regulatory      662..667
                     /regulatory_class="polyA_signal_sequence"
                     /gene="PRM2"
                     /gene_synonym="CT94.2"
                     /note="hexamer: AATAAA"
     polyA_site      680
                     /gene="PRM2"
                     /gene_synonym="CT94.2"
                     /note="major polyA site"
ORIGIN      
        1 agaccagacc aacagtaaca ccaagggcag gtgggcaggc ctccgccctc ctcccctact
       61 ccagggccca ctgcagcctc agcccaggag ccaccagatc tcccaacacc atggtccgat
      121 accgcgtgag gagcctgagc gaacgctcgc acgaggtgta caggcagcag ttgcatgggc
      181 aagagcaagg acaccacggc caagaggagc aagggctgag cccggagcac gtcgaggtct
      241 acgagaggac ccatggccag tctcactata ggcgcagaca ctgctctcga aggaggctgc
      301 accggatcca caggcggcag catcgctcct gcagaaggcg caaaagacgc tcctgcaggc
      361 accggaggag gcatcgcaga ggctgcagaa ccaggaagag aacatgcaga aggcactaag
      421 cttcctgggc ccctcacccc cagctggaaa ttaagaaaaa gtcgcccgaa acaccaagtg
      481 aggccatagc aattccccta catcaaatgc tcaagccccc agctggaagt taagagaaag
      541 tcacctgccc aagaaacacc gagtgaggcc atagcaactc ccctacatca aatgctcaag
      601 ccctgagttg ccgccgagaa gcccacaaga tctgagtgaa acgagcaaaa gtcacctgcc
      661 caataaagct tgacaagaca
//
