LOCUS       NM_000948                894 bp    mRNA    linear   PRI 24-OCT-2024
DEFINITION  Homo sapiens prolactin (PRL), transcript variant 1, mRNA.
ACCESSION   NM_000948
VERSION     NM_000948.6
KEYWORDS    RefSeq; MANE Select.
SOURCE      Homo sapiens (human)
  ORGANISM  Homo sapiens
            Eukaryota; Metazoa; Chordata; Craniata; Vertebrata; Euteleostomi;
            Mammalia; Eutheria; Euarchontoglires; Primates; Haplorrhini;
            Catarrhini; Hominidae; Homo.
REFERENCE   1  (bases 1 to 894)
  AUTHORS   Wu,T., Duan,Y., Jiang,J., Gu,T., Zhang,P. and Bi,Y.
  TITLE     A Century of Prolactin: Emerging Perspectives as a Metabolic
            Regulator
  JOURNAL   Diabetes Metab Res Rev 40 (6), e3836 (2024)
   PUBMED   39096246
  REMARK    GeneRIF: A Century of Prolactin: Emerging Perspectives as a
            Metabolic Regulator.
            Review article
REFERENCE   2  (bases 1 to 894)
  AUTHORS   Bartos,H.B., Weise,L., Schock,A., Diez,S., Weiss,C.,
            Drommelschmidt,K., Mahnken,A.H., Hummler,H. and Muller,H.
  TITLE     Pronounced neonatal breast enlargement beyond the first week of
            life and its regression correlates with serum prolactin levels - a
            case series
  JOURNAL   J Pediatr Endocrinol Metab 37 (10), 916-923 (2024)
   PUBMED   39135519
  REMARK    GeneRIF: Pronounced neonatal breast enlargement beyond the first
            week of life and its regression correlates with serum prolactin
            levels - a case series.
            Publication Status: Online-Only
REFERENCE   3  (bases 1 to 894)
  AUTHORS   Lin,W.W., Ou,G.Y., Dai,H.F. and Zhao,W.J.
  TITLE     Neuregulin 4 (Nrg4) cooperates with melatonin to regulate the PRL
            expression via ErbB4/Erk signaling pathway as a potential prolactin
            (PRL) regulator
  JOURNAL   J Cell Biochem 125 (5), e30551 (2024)
   PUBMED   38465779
  REMARK    GeneRIF: Neuregulin 4 (Nrg4) cooperates with melatonin to regulate
            the PRL expression via ErbB4/Erk signaling pathway as a potential
            prolactin (PRL) regulator.
REFERENCE   4  (bases 1 to 894)
  AUTHORS   Miao,X., Fu,Z., Luo,X., Wang,J., Yuan,L., Zhao,S., Feng,Y.,
            Huang,S. and Xiao,S.
  TITLE     A study on the correlations of PRL levels with anxiety, depression,
            sleep, and self-efficacy in patients with prolactinoma
  JOURNAL   Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 15, 1369729 (2024)
   PUBMED   38572480
  REMARK    GeneRIF: A study on the correlations of PRL levels with anxiety,
            depression, sleep, and self-efficacy in patients with prolactinoma.
            Publication Status: Online-Only
REFERENCE   5  (bases 1 to 894)
  AUTHORS   Szukiewicz,D.
  TITLE     Current Insights in Prolactin Signaling and Ovulatory Function
  JOURNAL   Int J Mol Sci 25 (4), 1976 (2024)
   PUBMED   38396659
  REMARK    GeneRIF: Current Insights in Prolactin Signaling and Ovulatory
            Function.
            Review article
            Publication Status: Online-Only
REFERENCE   6  (bases 1 to 894)
  AUTHORS   Peers,B., Nalda,A.M., Monget,P., Voz,M.L., Belayew,A. and
            Martial,J.A.
  TITLE     Binding of a 100-kDa ubiquitous factor to the human prolactin
            promoter is required for its basal and hormone-regulated activity
  JOURNAL   Eur J Biochem 210 (1), 53-58 (1992)
   PUBMED   1332868
REFERENCE   7  (bases 1 to 894)
  AUTHORS   Maddox,P.R., Jones,D.L. and Mansel,R.E.
  TITLE     Bioactive and immunoactive prolactin levels after TRH-stimulation
            in the sera of normal women
  JOURNAL   Horm Metab Res 24 (4), 181-184 (1992)
   PUBMED   1601394
REFERENCE   8  (bases 1 to 894)
  AUTHORS   Farquhar,M.G., Reid,J.J. and Daniell,L.W.
  TITLE     Intracellular transport and packaging of prolactin: a quantitative
            electron microscope autoradiographic study of mammotrophs
            dissociated from rat pituitaries
  JOURNAL   Endocrinology 102 (1), 296-311 (1978)
   PUBMED   743954
REFERENCE   9  (bases 1 to 894)
  AUTHORS   Shome,B. and Parlow,A.F.
  TITLE     Human pituitary prolactin (hPRL): the entire linear amino acid
            sequence
  JOURNAL   J Clin Endocrinol Metab 45 (5), 1112-1115 (1977)
   PUBMED   925136
REFERENCE   10 (bases 1 to 894)
  AUTHORS   Jacobs,J.W. and Niall,H.D.
  TITLE     High sensitivity automated sequence determination of polypeptides
  JOURNAL   J Biol Chem 250 (10), 3629-3636 (1975)
   PUBMED   1126929
COMMENT     REVIEWED REFSEQ: This record has been curated by NCBI staff. The
            reference sequence was derived from BC015850.1 and CD106243.1.
            This sequence is a reference standard in the RefSeqGene project.
            
            On Nov 23, 2018 this sequence version replaced NM_000948.5.
            
            Summary: This gene encodes the anterior pituitary hormone
            prolactin. This secreted hormone is a growth regulator for many
            tissues, including cells of the immune system. It may also play a
            role in cell survival by suppressing apoptosis, and it is essential
            for lactation. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript
            variants that encode the same protein. [provided by RefSeq, Aug
            2011].
            
            Transcript Variant: This variant (1) represents the longer
            transcript. Variants 1 and 2 encode the same protein.
            
            Publication Note:  This RefSeq record includes a subset of the
            publications that are available for this gene. Please see the Gene
            record to access additional publications.
            
            ##Evidence-Data-START##
            Transcript exon combination :: ERR279860.1893.1, BC015850.1
                                           [ECO:0000332]
            RNAseq introns              :: single sample supports all introns
                                           SAMEA1968189, SAMEA2149398
                                           [ECO:0000348]
            ##Evidence-Data-END##
            
            ##RefSeq-Attributes-START##
            MANE Ensembl match     :: ENST00000306482.2/ ENSP00000302150.1
            RefSeq Select criteria :: based on conservation
            ##RefSeq-Attributes-END##
            COMPLETENESS: full length.
PRIMARY     REFSEQ_SPAN         PRIMARY_IDENTIFIER PRIMARY_SPAN        COMP
            1-889               BC015850.1         469-1357
            890-894             CD106243.1         365-369
FEATURES             Location/Qualifiers
     source          1..894
                     /organism="Homo sapiens"
                     /mol_type="mRNA"
                     /db_xref="taxon:9606"
                     /chromosome="6"
                     /map="6p22.3"
     gene            1..894
                     /gene="PRL"
                     /gene_synonym="GHA1"
                     /note="prolactin"
                     /db_xref="GeneID:5617"
                     /db_xref="HGNC:HGNC:9445"
                     /db_xref="MIM:176760"
     exon            1..82
                     /gene="PRL"
                     /gene_synonym="GHA1"
                     /inference="alignment:Splign:2.1.0"
     CDS             55..738
                     /gene="PRL"
                     /gene_synonym="GHA1"
                     /note="decidual prolactin; growth hormone A1"
                     /codon_start=1
                     /product="prolactin precursor"
                     /protein_id="NP_000939.1"
                     /db_xref="CCDS:CCDS4548.1"
                     /db_xref="GeneID:5617"
                     /db_xref="HGNC:HGNC:9445"
                     /db_xref="MIM:176760"
                     /translation="MNIKGSPWKGSLLLLLVSNLLLCQSVAPLPICPGGAARCQVTLR
                     DLFDRAVVLSHYIHNLSSEMFSEFDKRYTHGRGFITKAINSCHTSSLATPEDKEQAQQ
                     MNQKDFLSLIVSILRSWNEPLYHLVTEVRGMQEAPEAILSKAVEIEEQTKRLLEGMEL
                     IVSQVHPETKENEIYPVWSGLPSLQMADEESRLSAYYNLLHCLRRDSHKIDNYLKLLK
                     CRIIHNNNC"
     exon            83..258
                     /gene="PRL"
                     /gene_synonym="GHA1"
                     /inference="alignment:Splign:2.1.0"
     exon            259..366
                     /gene="PRL"
                     /gene_synonym="GHA1"
                     /inference="alignment:Splign:2.1.0"
     exon            367..546
                     /gene="PRL"
                     /gene_synonym="GHA1"
                     /inference="alignment:Splign:2.1.0"
     exon            547..894
                     /gene="PRL"
                     /gene_synonym="GHA1"
                     /inference="alignment:Splign:2.1.0"
     regulatory      857..862
                     /regulatory_class="polyA_signal_sequence"
                     /gene="PRL"
                     /gene_synonym="GHA1"
                     /note="hexamer: AATAAA"
     polyA_site      894
                     /gene="PRL"
                     /gene_synonym="GHA1"
                     /note="major polyA site"
ORIGIN      
        1 gtgagacttc cagatcttct ctggtgaagt gtgtttcctg caacgatcac gaacatgaac
       61 atcaaaggat cgccatggaa agggtccctc ctgctgctgc tggtgtcaaa cctgctcctg
      121 tgccagagcg tggccccctt gcccatctgt cccggcgggg ctgcccgatg ccaggtgacc
      181 cttcgagacc tgtttgaccg cgccgtcgtc ctgtcccact acatccataa cctctcctca
      241 gaaatgttca gcgaattcga taaacggtat acccatggcc gggggttcat taccaaggcc
      301 atcaacagct gccacacttc ttcccttgcc acccccgaag acaaggagca agcccaacag
      361 atgaatcaaa aagactttct gagcctgata gtcagcatat tgcgatcctg gaatgagcct
      421 ctgtatcatc tggtcacgga agtacgtggt atgcaagaag ccccggaggc tatcctatcc
      481 aaagctgtag agattgagga gcaaaccaaa cggcttctag agggcatgga gctgatagtc
      541 agccaggttc atcctgaaac caaagaaaat gagatctacc ctgtctggtc gggacttcca
      601 tccctgcaga tggctgatga agagtctcgc ctttctgctt attataacct gctccactgc
      661 ctacgcaggg attcacataa aatcgacaat tatctcaagc tcctgaagtg ccgaatcatc
      721 cacaacaaca actgctaagc ccacatccat ttcatctatt tctgagaagg tccttaatga
      781 tccgttccat tgcaagcttc ttttagttgt atctcttttg aatccatgct tgggtgtaac
      841 aggtctcctc ttaaaaaata aaaactgact ccttagagac atcaaaatct aaaa
//
