LOCUS       NP_000939                227 aa            linear   PRI 24-OCT-2024
DEFINITION  prolactin precursor [Homo sapiens].
ACCESSION   NP_000939
VERSION     NP_000939.1
DBSOURCE    REFSEQ: accession NM_000948.6
KEYWORDS    RefSeq; MANE Select.
SOURCE      Homo sapiens (human)
  ORGANISM  Homo sapiens
            Eukaryota; Metazoa; Chordata; Craniata; Vertebrata; Euteleostomi;
            Mammalia; Eutheria; Euarchontoglires; Primates; Haplorrhini;
            Catarrhini; Hominidae; Homo.
REFERENCE   1  (residues 1 to 227)
  AUTHORS   Wu,T., Duan,Y., Jiang,J., Gu,T., Zhang,P. and Bi,Y.
  TITLE     A Century of Prolactin: Emerging Perspectives as a Metabolic
            Regulator
  JOURNAL   Diabetes Metab Res Rev 40 (6), e3836 (2024)
   PUBMED   39096246
  REMARK    GeneRIF: A Century of Prolactin: Emerging Perspectives as a
            Metabolic Regulator.
            Review article
REFERENCE   2  (residues 1 to 227)
  AUTHORS   Bartos,H.B., Weise,L., Schock,A., Diez,S., Weiss,C.,
            Drommelschmidt,K., Mahnken,A.H., Hummler,H. and Muller,H.
  TITLE     Pronounced neonatal breast enlargement beyond the first week of
            life and its regression correlates with serum prolactin levels - a
            case series
  JOURNAL   J Pediatr Endocrinol Metab 37 (10), 916-923 (2024)
   PUBMED   39135519
  REMARK    GeneRIF: Pronounced neonatal breast enlargement beyond the first
            week of life and its regression correlates with serum prolactin
            levels - a case series.
            Publication Status: Online-Only
REFERENCE   3  (residues 1 to 227)
  AUTHORS   Lin,W.W., Ou,G.Y., Dai,H.F. and Zhao,W.J.
  TITLE     Neuregulin 4 (Nrg4) cooperates with melatonin to regulate the PRL
            expression via ErbB4/Erk signaling pathway as a potential prolactin
            (PRL) regulator
  JOURNAL   J Cell Biochem 125 (5), e30551 (2024)
   PUBMED   38465779
  REMARK    GeneRIF: Neuregulin 4 (Nrg4) cooperates with melatonin to regulate
            the PRL expression via ErbB4/Erk signaling pathway as a potential
            prolactin (PRL) regulator.
REFERENCE   4  (residues 1 to 227)
  AUTHORS   Miao,X., Fu,Z., Luo,X., Wang,J., Yuan,L., Zhao,S., Feng,Y.,
            Huang,S. and Xiao,S.
  TITLE     A study on the correlations of PRL levels with anxiety, depression,
            sleep, and self-efficacy in patients with prolactinoma
  JOURNAL   Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 15, 1369729 (2024)
   PUBMED   38572480
  REMARK    GeneRIF: A study on the correlations of PRL levels with anxiety,
            depression, sleep, and self-efficacy in patients with prolactinoma.
            Publication Status: Online-Only
REFERENCE   5  (residues 1 to 227)
  AUTHORS   Szukiewicz,D.
  TITLE     Current Insights in Prolactin Signaling and Ovulatory Function
  JOURNAL   Int J Mol Sci 25 (4), 1976 (2024)
   PUBMED   38396659
  REMARK    GeneRIF: Current Insights in Prolactin Signaling and Ovulatory
            Function.
            Review article
            Publication Status: Online-Only
REFERENCE   6  (residues 1 to 227)
  AUTHORS   Peers,B., Nalda,A.M., Monget,P., Voz,M.L., Belayew,A. and
            Martial,J.A.
  TITLE     Binding of a 100-kDa ubiquitous factor to the human prolactin
            promoter is required for its basal and hormone-regulated activity
  JOURNAL   Eur J Biochem 210 (1), 53-58 (1992)
   PUBMED   1332868
REFERENCE   7  (residues 1 to 227)
  AUTHORS   Maddox,P.R., Jones,D.L. and Mansel,R.E.
  TITLE     Bioactive and immunoactive prolactin levels after TRH-stimulation
            in the sera of normal women
  JOURNAL   Horm Metab Res 24 (4), 181-184 (1992)
   PUBMED   1601394
REFERENCE   8  (residues 1 to 227)
  AUTHORS   Farquhar,M.G., Reid,J.J. and Daniell,L.W.
  TITLE     Intracellular transport and packaging of prolactin: a quantitative
            electron microscope autoradiographic study of mammotrophs
            dissociated from rat pituitaries
  JOURNAL   Endocrinology 102 (1), 296-311 (1978)
   PUBMED   743954
REFERENCE   9  (residues 1 to 227)
  AUTHORS   Shome,B. and Parlow,A.F.
  TITLE     Human pituitary prolactin (hPRL): the entire linear amino acid
            sequence
  JOURNAL   J Clin Endocrinol Metab 45 (5), 1112-1115 (1977)
   PUBMED   925136
REFERENCE   10 (residues 1 to 227)
  AUTHORS   Jacobs,J.W. and Niall,H.D.
  TITLE     High sensitivity automated sequence determination of polypeptides
  JOURNAL   J Biol Chem 250 (10), 3629-3636 (1975)
   PUBMED   1126929
COMMENT     REVIEWED REFSEQ: This record has been curated by NCBI staff. The
            reference sequence was derived from BC015850.1 and CD106243.1.
            This sequence is a reference standard in the RefSeqGene project.
            
            Summary: This gene encodes the anterior pituitary hormone
            prolactin. This secreted hormone is a growth regulator for many
            tissues, including cells of the immune system. It may also play a
            role in cell survival by suppressing apoptosis, and it is essential
            for lactation. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript
            variants that encode the same protein. [provided by RefSeq, Aug
            2011].
            
            Transcript Variant: This variant (1) represents the longer
            transcript. Variants 1 and 2 encode the same protein.
            
            Publication Note:  This RefSeq record includes a subset of the
            publications that are available for this gene. Please see the Gene
            record to access additional publications.
            
            ##Evidence-Data-START##
            Transcript exon combination :: ERR279860.1893.1, BC015850.1
                                           [ECO:0000332]
            RNAseq introns              :: single sample supports all introns
                                           SAMEA1968189, SAMEA2149398
                                           [ECO:0000348]
            ##Evidence-Data-END##
            
            ##RefSeq-Attributes-START##
            MANE Ensembl match     :: ENST00000306482.2/ ENSP00000302150.1
            RefSeq Select criteria :: based on conservation
            ##RefSeq-Attributes-END##
FEATURES             Location/Qualifiers
     source          1..227
                     /organism="Homo sapiens"
                     /db_xref="taxon:9606"
                     /chromosome="6"
                     /map="6p22.3"
     Protein         1..227
                     /product="prolactin precursor"
                     /note="decidual prolactin; growth hormone A1"
                     /calculated_mol_wt=22898
     sig_peptide     1..28
                     /inference="COORDINATES: ab initio prediction:SignalP:6.0"
                     /calculated_mol_wt=2996
     mat_peptide     29..227
                     /product="Prolactin. /id=PRO_0000032916"
                     /note="propagated from UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot (P01236.1)"
                     /calculated_mol_wt=22898
     Region          29..227
                     /region_name="prolactin_like"
                     /note="Prolactin (PRL or PRL1), chorionic
                     somatomammotropin, and related pituitary gland hormones;
                     cd10288"
                     /db_xref="CDD:198438"
     Site            order(29..31,39..41,46,49..50,55,58..59,83..84,94,
                     100..101,150,153,156..157,204..205,208..209,211..213,
                     215..216,219,227)
                     /site_type="other"
                     /note="receptor binding interface [polypeptide binding]"
                     /db_xref="CDD:198438"
     Site            54
                     /site_type="phosphorylation"
                     /note="Phosphoserine.
                     /evidence=ECO:0000250|UniProtKB:P01239; propagated from
                     UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot (P01236.1)"
     Site            59
                     /site_type="glycosylation"
                     /note="N-linked (GlcNAc...) asparagine, partial;
                     propagated from UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot (P01236.1)"
     Site            62
                     /site_type="phosphorylation"
                     /note="Phosphoserine.
                     /evidence=ECO:0000250|UniProtKB:P01239; propagated from
                     UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot (P01236.1)"
     Site            118
                     /site_type="phosphorylation"
                     /note="Phosphoserine.
                     /evidence=ECO:0000250|UniProtKB:P01239; propagated from
                     UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot (P01236.1)"
     Site            163
                     /site_type="phosphorylation"
                     /note="Phosphoserine.
                     /evidence=ECO:0000269|PubMed:15687336; propagated from
                     UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot (P01236.1)"
     Site            194
                     /site_type="phosphorylation"
                     /note="Phosphoserine.
                     /evidence=ECO:0000269|PubMed:15687336; propagated from
                     UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot (P01236.1)"
     CDS             1..227
                     /gene="PRL"
                     /gene_synonym="GHA1"
                     /coded_by="NM_000948.6:55..738"
                     /db_xref="CCDS:CCDS4548.1"
                     /db_xref="GeneID:5617"
                     /db_xref="HGNC:HGNC:9445"
                     /db_xref="MIM:176760"
ORIGIN      
        1 mnikgspwkg slllllvsnl llcqsvaplp icpggaarcq vtlrdlfdra vvlshyihnl
       61 ssemfsefdk rythgrgfit kainschtss latpedkeqa qqmnqkdfls livsilrswn
      121 eplyhlvtev rgmqeapeai lskaveieeq tkrllegmel ivsqvhpetk eneiypvwsg
      181 lpslqmadee srlsayynll hclrrdshki dnylkllkcr iihnnnc
//
