LOCUS       NM_002722                468 bp    mRNA    linear   PRI 10-FEB-2025
DEFINITION  Homo sapiens pancreatic polypeptide (PPY), transcript variant 1,
            mRNA.
ACCESSION   NM_002722
VERSION     NM_002722.5
KEYWORDS    RefSeq; MANE Select.
SOURCE      Homo sapiens (human)
  ORGANISM  Homo sapiens
            Eukaryota; Metazoa; Chordata; Craniata; Vertebrata; Euteleostomi;
            Mammalia; Eutheria; Euarchontoglires; Primates; Haplorrhini;
            Catarrhini; Hominidae; Homo.
REFERENCE   1  (bases 1 to 468)
  AUTHORS   Perez-Frances,M., van Gurp,L., Abate,M.V., Cigliola,V.,
            Furuyama,K., Bru-Tari,E., Oropeza,D., Carreaux,T., Fujitani,Y.,
            Thorel,F. and Herrera,P.L.
  TITLE     Pancreatic Ppy-expressing gamma-cells display mixed phenotypic
            traits and the adaptive plasticity to engage insulin production
  JOURNAL   Nat Commun 12 (1), 4458 (2021)
   PUBMED   34294685
  REMARK    GeneRIF: Pancreatic Ppy-expressing gamma-cells display mixed
            phenotypic traits and the adaptive plasticity to engage insulin
            production.
            Erratum:[Nat Commun. 2021 Sep 27;12(1):5783. doi:
            10.1038/s41467-021-26062-9.. PMID: 34580307]
            Publication Status: Online-Only
REFERENCE   2  (bases 1 to 468)
  AUTHORS   Basolo,A., Hollstein,T., Walter,M., Krakoff,J. and Piaggi,P.
  TITLE     Urinary Dopamine Excretion Rate Decreases during Acute Dietary
            Protein Deprivation and Is Associated with Increased Plasma
            Pancreatic Polypeptide Concentration
  JOURNAL   Nutrients 13 (4), 1234 (2021)
   PUBMED   33918032
  REMARK    GeneRIF: Urinary Dopamine Excretion Rate Decreases during Acute
            Dietary Protein Deprivation and Is Associated with Increased Plasma
            Pancreatic Polypeptide Concentration.
            Publication Status: Online-Only
REFERENCE   3  (bases 1 to 468)
  AUTHORS   Luck,K., Kim,D.K., Lambourne,L., Spirohn,K., Begg,B.E., Bian,W.,
            Brignall,R., Cafarelli,T., Campos-Laborie,F.J., Charloteaux,B.,
            Choi,D., Cote,A.G., Daley,M., Deimling,S., Desbuleux,A., Dricot,A.,
            Gebbia,M., Hardy,M.F., Kishore,N., Knapp,J.J., Kovacs,I.A.,
            Lemmens,I., Mee,M.W., Mellor,J.C., Pollis,C., Pons,C.,
            Richardson,A.D., Schlabach,S., Teeking,B., Yadav,A., Babor,M.,
            Balcha,D., Basha,O., Bowman-Colin,C., Chin,S.F., Choi,S.G.,
            Colabella,C., Coppin,G., D'Amata,C., De Ridder,D., De Rouck,S.,
            Duran-Frigola,M., Ennajdaoui,H., Goebels,F., Goehring,L., Gopal,A.,
            Haddad,G., Hatchi,E., Helmy,M., Jacob,Y., Kassa,Y., Landini,S.,
            Li,R., van Lieshout,N., MacWilliams,A., Markey,D., Paulson,J.N.,
            Rangarajan,S., Rasla,J., Rayhan,A., Rolland,T., San-Miguel,A.,
            Shen,Y., Sheykhkarimli,D., Sheynkman,G.M., Simonovsky,E., Tasan,M.,
            Tejeda,A., Tropepe,V., Twizere,J.C., Wang,Y., Weatheritt,R.J.,
            Weile,J., Xia,Y., Yang,X., Yeger-Lotem,E., Zhong,Q., Aloy,P.,
            Bader,G.D., De Las Rivas,J., Gaudet,S., Hao,T., Rak,J.,
            Tavernier,J., Hill,D.E., Vidal,M., Roth,F.P. and Calderwood,M.A.
  TITLE     A reference map of the human binary protein interactome
  JOURNAL   Nature 580 (7803), 402-408 (2020)
   PUBMED   32296183
REFERENCE   4  (bases 1 to 468)
  AUTHORS   Nagpal,S.J.S., Bamlet,W.R., Kudva,Y.C. and Chari,S.T.
  TITLE     Comparison of Fasting Human Pancreatic Polypeptide Levels Among
            Patients With Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma, Chronic
            Pancreatitis, and Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus
  JOURNAL   Pancreas 47 (6), 738-741 (2018)
   PUBMED   29771765
  REMARK    GeneRIF: Fasting human pancreatic polypeptide (HPP) levels are
            similar in chronic pancreatitis (CP) and pancreatic ductal
            adenocarcinoma (PDAC) and controls regardless of glycemic status.
REFERENCE   5  (bases 1 to 468)
  AUTHORS   Holzer,P., Reichmann,F. and Farzi,A.
  TITLE     Neuropeptide Y, peptide YY and pancreatic polypeptide in the
            gut-brain axis
  JOURNAL   Neuropeptides 46 (6), 261-274 (2012)
   PUBMED   22979996
  REMARK    GeneRIF: These findings underscore the important role of the NPY-Y
            receptor system at several levels of the gut-brain axis in which
            NPY, peptide yy and pancreatic polypeptide operate both as neural
            and endocrine messengers--{REVIEW}
            Review article
REFERENCE   6  (bases 1 to 468)
  AUTHORS   Takeuchi,T., Gumucio,D.L., Yamada,T., Meisler,M.H., Minth,C.D.,
            Dixon,J.E., Eddy,R.E. and Shows,T.B.
  TITLE     Genes encoding pancreatic polypeptide and neuropeptide Y are on
            human chromosomes 17 and 7
  JOURNAL   J Clin Invest 77 (3), 1038-1041 (1986)
   PUBMED   3753985
REFERENCE   7  (bases 1 to 468)
  AUTHORS   Leiter,A.B., Montminy,M.R., Jamieson,E. and Goodman,R.H.
  TITLE     Exons of the human pancreatic polypeptide gene define functional
            domains of the precursor
  JOURNAL   J Biol Chem 260 (24), 13013-13017 (1985)
   PUBMED   2997153
REFERENCE   8  (bases 1 to 468)
  AUTHORS   Boel,E., Schwartz,T.W., Norris,K.E. and Fiil,N.P.
  TITLE     A cDNA encoding a small common precursor for human pancreatic
            polypeptide and pancreatic icosapeptide
  JOURNAL   EMBO J 3 (4), 909-912 (1984)
   PUBMED   6373251
REFERENCE   9  (bases 1 to 468)
  AUTHORS   Larsson,L.I., Sundler,F. and Hakanson,R.
  TITLE     Pancreatic polypeptide - a postulated new hormone: identification
            of its cellular storage site by light and electron microscopic
            immunocytochemistry
  JOURNAL   Diabetologia 12 (3), 211-226 (1976)
   PUBMED   782992
REFERENCE   10 (bases 1 to 468)
  AUTHORS   Kimmel,J.R., Hayden,L.J. and Pollock,H.G.
  TITLE     Isolation and characterization of a new pancreatic polypeptide
            hormone
  JOURNAL   J Biol Chem 250 (24), 9369-9376 (1975)
   PUBMED   1194289
COMMENT     REVIEWED REFSEQ: This record has been curated by NCBI staff. The
            reference sequence was derived from AC007993.15, BP394217.1 and
            BP388331.1.
            
            On Jun 2, 2019 this sequence version replaced NM_002722.4.
            
            Summary: This gene encodes a member of the neuropeptide Y (NPY)
            family of peptides. The encoded 95 aa preproprotein is synthesized
            in the pancreatic islets of Langerhans and proteolytically
            processed to generate two peptide products. These products include
            the active pancreatic hormone of 36 aa and an icosapeptide of
            unknown function. This hormone acts as a regulator of pancreatic
            and gastrointestinal functions and may be important in the
            regulation of food intake. Plasma level of this hormone has been
            shown to be reduced in conditions associated with increased food
            intake and elevated in anorexia nervosa. In addition, infusion of
            this hormone in obese rodents has shown to decrease weight gain.
            Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants, at
            least one of which encodes an isoform that is proteolytically
            processed. [provided by RefSeq, Jan 2016].
            
            Transcript Variant: This variant (1) represents the shorter
            transcript and encodes the shorter isoform (1).
            
            Publication Note:  This RefSeq record includes a subset of the
            publications that are available for this gene. Please see the Gene
            record to access additional publications.
            
            ##Evidence-Data-START##
            Transcript exon combination :: BM918317.1, CA776075.1 [ECO:0000332]
            RNAseq introns              :: single sample supports all introns
                                           SAMEA1968540, SAMEA2142348
                                           [ECO:0000348]
            ##Evidence-Data-END##
            
            ##RefSeq-Attributes-START##
            MANE Ensembl match     :: ENST00000225992.8/ ENSP00000225992.3
            RefSeq Select criteria :: based on manual assertion, conservation,
                                      expression
            ##RefSeq-Attributes-END##
            COMPLETENESS: complete on the 3' end.
PRIMARY     REFSEQ_SPAN         PRIMARY_IDENTIFIER PRIMARY_SPAN        COMP
            1-9                 AC007993.15        59044-59052
            10-467              BP394217.1         44-501
            468-468             BP388331.1         336-336
FEATURES             Location/Qualifiers
     source          1..468
                     /organism="Homo sapiens"
                     /mol_type="mRNA"
                     /db_xref="taxon:9606"
                     /chromosome="17"
                     /map="17q21.31"
     gene            1..468
                     /gene="PPY"
                     /gene_synonym="PH; PNP; PP"
                     /note="pancreatic polypeptide"
                     /db_xref="GeneID:5539"
                     /db_xref="HGNC:HGNC:9327"
                     /db_xref="MIM:167780"
     exon            1..56
                     /gene="PPY"
                     /gene_synonym="PH; PNP; PP"
                     /inference="alignment:Splign:2.1.0"
     CDS             57..344
                     /gene="PPY"
                     /gene_synonym="PH; PNP; PP"
                     /note="isoform 1 preproprotein is encoded by transcript
                     variant 1; pancreatic polypeptide Y; pancreatic
                     prohormone; prepro-PP (prepropancreatic polypeptide);
                     pancreatic polypeptide prohormone"
                     /codon_start=1
                     /product="pancreatic polypeptide prohormone isoform 1
                     preproprotein"
                     /protein_id="NP_002713.1"
                     /db_xref="CCDS:CCDS11472.1"
                     /db_xref="GeneID:5539"
                     /db_xref="HGNC:HGNC:9327"
                     /db_xref="MIM:167780"
                     /translation="MAAARLCLSLLLLSTCVALLLQPLLGAQGAPLEPVYPGDNATPE
                     QMAQYAADLRRYINMLTRPRYGKRHKEDTLAFSEWGSPHAAVPRELSPLDL"
     exon            57..247
                     /gene="PPY"
                     /gene_synonym="PH; PNP; PP"
                     /inference="alignment:Splign:2.1.0"
     exon            248..319
                     /gene="PPY"
                     /gene_synonym="PH; PNP; PP"
                     /inference="alignment:Splign:2.1.0"
     exon            320..468
                     /gene="PPY"
                     /gene_synonym="PH; PNP; PP"
                     /inference="alignment:Splign:2.1.0"
     regulatory      449..454
                     /regulatory_class="polyA_signal_sequence"
                     /gene="PPY"
                     /gene_synonym="PH; PNP; PP"
                     /note="hexamer: AATAAA"
     polyA_site      468
                     /gene="PPY"
                     /gene_synonym="PH; PNP; PP"
                     /note="major polyA site"
ORIGIN      
        1 atccggcctg aggcaggtgc tcgcttggtc tagtgcccat ttactctgga ctccggatgg
       61 ctgccgcacg cctctgcctc tccctgctgc tcctgtccac ctgcgtggct ctgttactac
      121 agccactgct gggtgcccag ggagccccac tggagccagt gtacccaggg gacaatgcca
      181 caccagagca gatggcccag tatgcagctg atctccgtag atacatcaac atgctgacca
      241 ggcctaggta tgggaaaaga cacaaagagg acacgctggc cttctcggag tgggggtccc
      301 cgcatgctgc tgtccccagg gagctcagcc cgctggactt ataatgccac cttctgtctc
      361 ctacgactcc atgagcagcg ccagcccagc tctcccctct gcacccttgg ctctggccaa
      421 agcttgctcc ctgctcccac acaggctcaa taaagcaagt caaagcca
//
