LOCUS       NM_001406557            4450 bp    mRNA    linear   PRI 08-APR-2024
DEFINITION  Homo sapiens POLG alternative reading frame (POLGARF), mRNA.
ACCESSION   NM_001406557
VERSION     NM_001406557.1
KEYWORDS    RefSeq; RefSeq Select.
SOURCE      Homo sapiens (human)
  ORGANISM  Homo sapiens
            Eukaryota; Metazoa; Chordata; Craniata; Vertebrata; Euteleostomi;
            Mammalia; Eutheria; Euarchontoglires; Primates; Haplorrhini;
            Catarrhini; Hominidae; Homo.
REFERENCE   1  (bases 1 to 4450)
  AUTHORS   Loughran,G., Zhdanov,A.V., Mikhaylova,M.S., Rozov,F.N.,
            Datskevich,P.N., Kovalchuk,S.I., Serebryakova,M.V., Kiniry,S.J.,
            Michel,A.M., O'Connor,P.B.F., Papkovsky,D.B., Atkins,J.F.,
            Baranov,P.V., Shatsky,I.N. and Andreev,D.E.
  TITLE     Unusually efficient CUG initiation of an overlapping reading frame
            in POLG mRNA yields novel protein POLGARF
  JOURNAL   Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 117 (40), 24936-24946 (2020)
   PUBMED   32958672
REFERENCE   2  (bases 1 to 4450)
  AUTHORS   Khan,Y.A., Jungreis,I., Wright,J.C., Mudge,J.M., Choudhary,J.S.,
            Firth,A.E. and Kellis,M.
  TITLE     Evidence for a novel overlapping coding sequence in POLG initiated
            at a CUG start codon
  JOURNAL   BMC Genet 21 (1), 25 (2020)
   PUBMED   32138667
  REMARK    Publication Status: Online-Only
COMMENT     REVIEWED REFSEQ: This record has been curated by NCBI staff. The
            reference sequence was derived from AC124068.6.
            
            Summary: This gene uses the same transcript as the POLG gene but
            has a CUG start codon and an alternate reading frame that makes a
            260 aa protein. This protein is distinct from POLG isoforms and may
            interact with P32 (also known as C1QBP), a mitochondrial matrix
            protein thought to be involved in the expression of mitochondrial
            genome-encoded proteins. POLGARF protein may bind P32 and sequester
            it in the nucleolus. Interestingly, some disease-causing mutations
            thought to be in POLG may instead be associated with POLGARF.
            [provided by RefSeq, May 2022].
            
            ##RefSeq-Attributes-START##
            non-AUG initiation codon :: inferred from conservation
            RefSeq Select criteria   :: based on single protein-coding
                                        transcript
            ##RefSeq-Attributes-END##
            COMPLETENESS: full length.
PRIMARY     REFSEQ_SPAN         PRIMARY_IDENTIFIER PRIMARY_SPAN        COMP
            1-140               AC124068.6         168264-168403       c
            141-958             AC124068.6         166675-167492       c
            959-1154            AC124068.6         163660-163855       c
            1155-1322           AC124068.6         162522-162689       c
            1323-1469           AC124068.6         162264-162410       c
            1470-1549           AC124068.6         162035-162114       c
            1550-1732           AC124068.6         160746-160928       c
            1733-1884           AC124068.6         160491-160642       c
            1885-2011           AC124068.6         160191-160317       c
            2012-2248           AC124068.6         159029-159265       c
            2249-2369           AC124068.6         157686-157806       c
            2370-2456           AC124068.6         157394-157480       c
            2457-2564           AC124068.6         156983-157090       c
            2565-2725           AC124068.6         156321-156481       c
            2726-2779           AC124068.6         155541-155594       c
            2780-2897           AC124068.6         155315-155432       c
            2898-3033           AC124068.6         154704-154839       c
            3034-3280           AC124068.6         154345-154591       c
            3281-3403           AC124068.6         152807-152929       c
            3404-3572           AC124068.6         152510-152678       c
            3573-3781           AC124068.6         152120-152328       c
            3782-3942           AC124068.6         150955-151115       c
            3943-4450           AC124068.6         149899-150406       c
FEATURES             Location/Qualifiers
     source          1..4450
                     /organism="Homo sapiens"
                     /mol_type="mRNA"
                     /db_xref="taxon:9606"
                     /chromosome="15"
                     /map="15q26.1"
     gene            1..4450
                     /gene="POLGARF"
                     /gene_synonym="ORF-Y; POLG"
                     /note="POLG alternative reading frame"
                     /db_xref="GeneID:125316803"
                     /db_xref="HGNC:HGNC:56246"
                     /db_xref="MIM:620759"
     exon            1..140
                     /gene="POLGARF"
                     /gene_synonym="ORF-Y; POLG"
                     /inference="alignment:Splign:2.1.0"
     exon            141..958
                     /gene="POLGARF"
                     /gene_synonym="ORF-Y; POLG"
                     /inference="alignment:Splign:2.1.0"
     CDS             245..1027
                     /gene="POLGARF"
                     /gene_synonym="ORF-Y; POLG"
                     /note="non-AUG (CUG) translation initiation codon"
                     /codon_start=1
                     /product="POLG alternative reading frame"
                     /protein_id="NP_001393486.1"
                     /db_xref="GeneID:125316803"
                     /db_xref="HGNC:HGNC:56246"
                     /db_xref="MIM:620759"
                     /translation="MEPKARCSDSQRGGPCTNHEPPALEEGGRRHRRARAGSSSGALG
                     LQLRPRVRPQRRAAAAAAAAAAAAAAATAASAAASAILGGRAAAAQPIGHPDALERAA
                     RANLRARRGDAWRGRGAPQRRAPAEARALGAASRALARRGAAPAAPLRGQPGPALPPP
                     GPEAEPALPGGGQLAVAGPAAPEAPGLGLGGGLDPVRPRGGGRTRGHPRGAGPGVRRG
                     GLLGRGNLPHIGGGHIPLGLVFLVQPAAGGRALLLDQPAVAG"
     exon            959..1154
                     /gene="POLGARF"
                     /gene_synonym="ORF-Y; POLG"
                     /inference="alignment:Splign:2.1.0"
     exon            1155..1322
                     /gene="POLGARF"
                     /gene_synonym="ORF-Y; POLG"
                     /inference="alignment:Splign:2.1.0"
     exon            1323..1469
                     /gene="POLGARF"
                     /gene_synonym="ORF-Y; POLG"
                     /inference="alignment:Splign:2.1.0"
     exon            1470..1549
                     /gene="POLGARF"
                     /gene_synonym="ORF-Y; POLG"
                     /inference="alignment:Splign:2.1.0"
     exon            1550..1732
                     /gene="POLGARF"
                     /gene_synonym="ORF-Y; POLG"
                     /inference="alignment:Splign:2.1.0"
     exon            1733..1884
                     /gene="POLGARF"
                     /gene_synonym="ORF-Y; POLG"
                     /inference="alignment:Splign:2.1.0"
     exon            1885..2011
                     /gene="POLGARF"
                     /gene_synonym="ORF-Y; POLG"
                     /inference="alignment:Splign:2.1.0"
     exon            2012..2248
                     /gene="POLGARF"
                     /gene_synonym="ORF-Y; POLG"
                     /inference="alignment:Splign:2.1.0"
     exon            2249..2369
                     /gene="POLGARF"
                     /gene_synonym="ORF-Y; POLG"
                     /inference="alignment:Splign:2.1.0"
     exon            2370..2456
                     /gene="POLGARF"
                     /gene_synonym="ORF-Y; POLG"
                     /inference="alignment:Splign:2.1.0"
     exon            2457..2564
                     /gene="POLGARF"
                     /gene_synonym="ORF-Y; POLG"
                     /inference="alignment:Splign:2.1.0"
     exon            2565..2725
                     /gene="POLGARF"
                     /gene_synonym="ORF-Y; POLG"
                     /inference="alignment:Splign:2.1.0"
     exon            2726..2779
                     /gene="POLGARF"
                     /gene_synonym="ORF-Y; POLG"
                     /inference="alignment:Splign:2.1.0"
     exon            2780..2897
                     /gene="POLGARF"
                     /gene_synonym="ORF-Y; POLG"
                     /inference="alignment:Splign:2.1.0"
     exon            2898..3033
                     /gene="POLGARF"
                     /gene_synonym="ORF-Y; POLG"
                     /inference="alignment:Splign:2.1.0"
     exon            3034..3280
                     /gene="POLGARF"
                     /gene_synonym="ORF-Y; POLG"
                     /inference="alignment:Splign:2.1.0"
     exon            3281..3403
                     /gene="POLGARF"
                     /gene_synonym="ORF-Y; POLG"
                     /inference="alignment:Splign:2.1.0"
     exon            3404..3572
                     /gene="POLGARF"
                     /gene_synonym="ORF-Y; POLG"
                     /inference="alignment:Splign:2.1.0"
     exon            3573..3781
                     /gene="POLGARF"
                     /gene_synonym="ORF-Y; POLG"
                     /inference="alignment:Splign:2.1.0"
     exon            3782..3942
                     /gene="POLGARF"
                     /gene_synonym="ORF-Y; POLG"
                     /inference="alignment:Splign:2.1.0"
     exon            3943..4450
                     /gene="POLGARF"
                     /gene_synonym="ORF-Y; POLG"
                     /inference="alignment:Splign:2.1.0"
     regulatory      4405..4410
                     /regulatory_class="polyA_signal_sequence"
                     /gene="POLGARF"
                     /gene_synonym="ORF-Y; POLG"
                     /note="hexamer: GATAAA"
     polyA_site      4437
                     /gene="POLGARF"
                     /gene_synonym="ORF-Y; POLG"
                     /note="major polyA site"
ORIGIN      
        1 gcagacggga agttgcggct gccagcgaag cggaccggcc gggtggaggc cacacgctac
       61 cccgaggctg cgtaggccgc gcgaaggggg acgccgtgcc gtgggcctgg ggtcggggga
      121 gcagcagacc gggaagcacc gatttggggt ggaaggcagg catggtcaaa cccatttcac
      181 tgacaggaga gcagagacag gacgtgtctc tctccacgtc ttccagccag taaaagaagc
      241 caagctggag cccaaagcca ggtgttctga ctcccagcgt gggggtccct gcaccaacca
      301 tgagccgcct gctctggagg aaggtggccg gcgccaccgt cgggccaggg ccggttccag
      361 ctccggggcg ctgggtctcc agctccgtcc ccgcgtccga ccccagcgac gggcagcggc
      421 ggcggcagca gcagcagcag cagcagcagc agcagcaaca gcagcctcag cagccgcaag
      481 tgctatcctc ggagggcggg cagctgcggc acaacccatt ggacatccag atgctctcga
      541 gagggctgca cgagcaaatc ttcgggcaag gaggggagat gcctggcgag gccgcggtgc
      601 gccgcagcgt cgagcacctg cagaagcacg ggctctgggg gcagccagcc gtgcccttgc
      661 ccgacgtgga gctgcgcctg ccgcccctct acggggacaa cctggaccag cacttccgcc
      721 tcctggccca gaagcagagc ctgccctacc tggaggcggc caacttgctg ttgcaggccc
      781 agctgccccc gaagcccccg gcttgggcct gggcggaggg ctggacccgg tacggccccg
      841 agggggaggc cgtacccgtg gccatccccg aggagcgggc cctggtgttc gacgtggagg
      901 tctgcttggc agagggaact tgccccacat tggcggtggc catatccccc tcggcctggt
      961 attcctggtg cagccagcgg ctggtggaag agcgttactc ttggaccagc cagctgtcgc
     1021 cggctgacct catccccctg gaggtcccta ctggtgccag cagccccacc cagagagact
     1081 ggcaggagca gttagtggtg gggcacaatg tttcctttga ccgagctcat atcagggagc
     1141 agtacctgat ccagggttcc cgcatgcgtt tcctggacac catgagcatg cacatggcca
     1201 tctcagggct aagcagcttc cagcgcagtc tgtggatagc agccaagcag ggcaaacaca
     1261 aggtccagcc ccccacaaag caaggccaga agtcccagag gaaagccaga agaggcccag
     1321 cgatctcatc ctgggactgg ctggacatca gcagtgtcaa cagtctggca gaggtgcaca
     1381 gactttatgt aggggggcct cccttagaga aggagcctcg agaactgttt gtgaagggca
     1441 ccatgaagga cattcgtgag aacttccagg acctgatgca gtactgtgcc caggacgtgt
     1501 gggccaccca tgaggttttc cagcagcagc taccgctctt cttggagagg tgtccccacc
     1561 cagtgactct ggccggcatg ctggagatgg gtgtctccta cctgcctgtc aaccagaact
     1621 gggagcgtta cctggcagag gcacagggca cttatgagga gctccagcgg gagatgaaga
     1681 agtcgttgat ggatctggcc aatgatgcct gccagctgct ctcaggagag aggtacaaag
     1741 aagacccctg gctctgggac ctggagtggg acctgcaaga atttaagcag aagaaagcta
     1801 agaaggtgaa gaaggaacca gccacagcca gcaagttgcc catcgagggg gctggggccc
     1861 ctggtgatcc catggatcag gaagacctcg gcccctgcag tgaggaggag gagtttcaac
     1921 aagatgtcat ggcccgcgcc tgcttgcaga agctgaaggg gaccacagag ctcctgccca
     1981 agcggcccca gcaccttcct ggacaccctg gatggtaccg gaagctctgc ccccggctag
     2041 acgaccctgc atggaccccg ggccccagcc tcctcagcct gcagatgcgg gtcacaccta
     2101 aactcatggc acttacctgg gatggcttcc ctctgcacta ctcagagcgt catggctggg
     2161 gctacttggt gcctgggcgg cgggacaacc tggccaagct gccgacaggt accaccctgg
     2221 agtcagctgg ggtggtctgc ccctacagag ccatcgagtc cctgtacagg aagcactgtc
     2281 tcgaacaggg gaagcagcag ctgatgcccc aggaggccgg cctggcggag gagttcctgc
     2341 tcactgacaa tagtgccata tggcaaacgg tagaagaact ggattactta gaagtggagg
     2401 ctgaggccaa gatggagaac ttgcgagctg cagtgccagg tcaaccccta gctctgactg
     2461 cccgtggtgg ccccaaggac acccagccca gctatcacca tggcaatgga ccttacaacg
     2521 acgtggacat ccctggctgc tggtttttca agctgcctca caaggatggt aatagctgta
     2581 atgtgggaag cccctttgcc aaggacttcc tgcccaagat ggaggatggc accctgcagg
     2641 ctggcccagg aggtgccagt gggccccgtg ctctggaaat caacaaaatg atttctttct
     2701 ggaggaacgc ccataaacgt atcagctccc agatggtggt gtggctgccc aggtcagctc
     2761 tgccccgtgc tgtgatcagg caccccgact atgatgagga aggcctctat ggggccatcc
     2821 tgccccaagt ggtgactgcc ggcaccatca ctcgccgggc tgtggagccc acatggctca
     2881 ccgccagcaa tgcccggcct gaccgagtag gcagtgagtt gaaagccatg gtgcaggccc
     2941 cacctggcta cacccttgtg ggtgctgatg tggactccca agagctgtgg attgcagctg
     3001 tgcttggaga cgcccacttt gccggcatgc atggctgcac agcctttggg tggatgacac
     3061 tgcagggcag gaagagcagg ggcactgatc tacacagtaa gacagccact actgtgggca
     3121 tcagccgtga gcatgccaaa atcttcaact acggccgcat ctatggtgct gggcagccct
     3181 ttgctgagcg cttactaatg cagtttaacc accggctcac acagcaggag gcagctgaga
     3241 aggcccagca gatgtacgct gccaccaagg gcctccgctg gtatcggctg tcggatgagg
     3301 gcgagtggct ggtgagggag ttgaacctcc cagtggacag gactgagggt ggctggattt
     3361 ccctgcagga tctgcgcaag gtccagagag aaactgcaag gaagtcacag tggaagaagt
     3421 gggaggtggt tgctgaacgg gcatggaagg ggggcacaga gtcagaaatg ttcaataagc
     3481 ttgagagcat tgctacgtct gacataccac gtaccccggt gctgggctgc tgcatcagcc
     3541 gagccctgga gccctcggct gtccaggaag agtttatgac cagccgtgtg aattgggtgg
     3601 tacagagctc tgctgttgac tacttacacc tcatgcttgt ggccatgaag tggctgtttg
     3661 aagagtttgc catagatggg cgcttctgca tcagcatcca tgacgaggtt cgctacctgg
     3721 tgcgggagga ggaccgctac cgcgctgccc tggccttgca gatcaccaac ctcttgacca
     3781 ggtgcatgtt tgcctacaag ctgggtctga atgacttgcc ccagtcagtc gcctttttca
     3841 gtgcagtcga tattgaccgg tgcctcagga aggaagtgac catggattgt aaaacccctt
     3901 ccaacccaac tgggatggaa aggagatacg ggattcccca gggtgaagcg ctggatattt
     3961 accagataat tgaactcacc aaaggctcct tggaaaaacg aagccagcct ggaccatagc
     4021 actgcctgga ggctctgtat ttgctcccgt ggagcttcat cggggtggtg caggctccca
     4081 aactcaggct ttcagctgtg ctttttgcaa aagggcttgc ctaaggccag ccatttttca
     4141 gtagcaggac ctgccaagaa gattccttct aactgaaggt gcagttgaat tcagtgggtt
     4201 cagaaccaag atgccaacat cggtgtggac tacaggacaa ggggcattgt tgcttgttgg
     4261 gtaaaaatga agcagaagcc ccaaagttca cattaactca ggcatttcat ttattttttc
     4321 cttttcttct tggctggttc tttgttctgt cccccatgct ctgatgcagt gccctagaag
     4381 gggaaagaat taatgctcta acgtgataaa cctgctccaa ggcagtggaa ataaaaagaa
     4441 ggaaaaaaaa
//
