LOCUS       NM_000301               3530 bp    mRNA    linear   PRI 12-OCT-2024
DEFINITION  Homo sapiens plasminogen (PLG), transcript variant 1, mRNA.
ACCESSION   NM_000301
VERSION     NM_000301.5
KEYWORDS    RefSeq; MANE Select.
SOURCE      Homo sapiens (human)
  ORGANISM  Homo sapiens
            Eukaryota; Metazoa; Chordata; Craniata; Vertebrata; Euteleostomi;
            Mammalia; Eutheria; Euarchontoglires; Primates; Haplorrhini;
            Catarrhini; Hominidae; Homo.
REFERENCE   1  (bases 1 to 3530)
  AUTHORS   Cramer,D.A.T., Yin,V., Caval,T., Franc,V., Yu,D., Wu,G., Lloyd,G.,
            Langendorf,C., Whisstock,J.C., Law,R.H.P. and Heck,A.J.R.
  TITLE     Proteoform-Resolved Profiling of Plasminogen Activation Reveals
            Novel Abundant Phosphorylation Site and Primary N-Terminal Cleavage
            Site
  JOURNAL   Mol Cell Proteomics 23 (1), 100696 (2024)
   PUBMED   38101751
  REMARK    GeneRIF: Proteoform-Resolved Profiling of Plasminogen Activation
            Reveals Novel Abundant Phosphorylation Site and Primary N-Terminal
            Cleavage Site.
REFERENCE   2  (bases 1 to 3530)
  AUTHORS   Bharadwaj,A.G., Okura,G.C., Woods,J.W., Allen,E.A., Miller,V.A.,
            Kempster,E., Hancock,M.A., Gujar,S., Slibinskas,R. and Waisman,D.M.
  TITLE     Identification and characterization of calreticulin as a novel
            plasminogen receptor
  JOURNAL   J Biol Chem 300 (1), 105465 (2024)
   PUBMED   37979915
  REMARK    GeneRIF: Identification and characterization of calreticulin as a
            novel plasminogen receptor.
REFERENCE   3  (bases 1 to 3530)
  AUTHORS   Chowdhury,N.N., Yang,Y., Dutta,A., Luo,M., Wei,Z., Abrahams,S.R.,
            Revenko,A.S., Shah,F., Miles,L.A., Parmer,R.J., de Laat,B.,
            Wolberg,A.S., Luyendyk,J.P., Fishel,M.L. and Flick,M.J.
  TITLE     Plasminogen deficiency suppresses pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma
            disease progression
  JOURNAL   Mol Oncol 18 (1), 113-135 (2024)
   PUBMED   37971174
  REMARK    GeneRIF: Plasminogen deficiency suppresses pancreatic ductal
            adenocarcinoma disease progression.
REFERENCE   4  (bases 1 to 3530)
  AUTHORS   Zeitlmayr,S., Cami,D., Selmani,B., Gudermann,T. and Breit,A.
  TITLE     A dual role for ERK-1/2 in the regulation of plasmin activity and
            cell migration in metastatic NSCLC-H1299 cells
  JOURNAL   Arch Toxicol 97 (12), 3113-3128 (2023)
   PUBMED   37712947
  REMARK    GeneRIF: A dual role for ERK-1/2 in the regulation of plasmin
            activity and cell migration in metastatic NSCLC-H1299 cells.
REFERENCE   5  (bases 1 to 3530)
  AUTHORS   Perucci,L.O., Vago,J.P., Miles,L.A. and Sousa,L.P.
  TITLE     Crosstalk between the plasminogen/plasmin system and inflammation
            resolution
  JOURNAL   J Thromb Haemost 21 (10), 2666-2678 (2023)
   PUBMED   37495082
  REMARK    GeneRIF: Crosstalk between the plasminogen/plasmin system and
            inflammation resolution.
            Review article
REFERENCE   6  (bases 1 to 3530)
  AUTHORS   Kingston,I.B., Kingston,B.L. and Putnam,F.W.
  TITLE     Chemical evidence that proteolytic cleavage causes the
            heterogeneity present in human ceruloplasmin preparations
  JOURNAL   Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 74 (12), 5377-5381 (1977)
   PUBMED   146197
REFERENCE   7  (bases 1 to 3530)
  AUTHORS   Wiman,B.
  TITLE     Primary structure of the B-chain of human plasmin
  JOURNAL   Eur J Biochem 76 (1), 129-137 (1977)
   PUBMED   142009
REFERENCE   8  (bases 1 to 3530)
  AUTHORS   Moroi,M. and Aoki,N.
  TITLE     Isolation and characterization of alpha2-plasmin inhibitor from
            human plasma. A novel proteinase inhibitor which inhibits
            activator-induced clot lysis
  JOURNAL   J Biol Chem 251 (19), 5956-5965 (1976)
   PUBMED   134998
REFERENCE   9  (bases 1 to 3530)
  AUTHORS   Wiman,B. and Wallen,P.
  TITLE     Amino-acid sequence of the cyanogen-bromide fragment from human
            plasminogen that forms the linkage between the plasmin chains
  JOURNAL   Eur J Biochem 58 (2), 539-547 (1975)
   PUBMED   126863
REFERENCE   10 (bases 1 to 3530)
  AUTHORS   Wiman,B. and Wallen,P.
  TITLE     Structural relationship between 'glutamic acid' and 'lysine' forms
            of human plasminogen and their interaction with the NH2-terminal
            activation peptide as studied by affinity chromatography
  JOURNAL   Eur J Biochem 50 (3), 489-494 (1975)
   PUBMED   122932
COMMENT     REVIEWED REFSEQ: This record has been curated by NCBI staff. The
            reference sequence was derived from AL109933.25.
            
            On Feb 11, 2020 this sequence version replaced NM_000301.4.
            
            Summary: The plasminogen protein encoded by this gene is a serine
            protease that circulates in blood plasma as an inactive zymogen and
            is converted to the active protease, plasmin, by several
            plasminogen activators such as tissue plasminogen activator (tPA),
            urokinase plasminogen activator (uPA), kallikrein, and factor XII
            (Hageman factor). The conversion of plasminogen to plasmin involves
            the cleavage of the peptide bond between Arg-561 and Val-562.
            Plasmin cleavage also releases the angiostatin protein which
            inhibits angiogenesis. Plasmin degrades many blood plasma proteins,
            including fibrin-containing blood clots. As a serine protease,
            plasmin cleaves many products in addition to fibrin such as
            fibronectin, thrombospondin, laminin, and von Willebrand factor.
            Plasmin is inactivated by proteins such as alpha-2-macroglobulin
            and alpha-2-antiplasmin in addition to inhibitors of the various
            plasminogen activators. Plasminogen also interacts with plasminogen
            receptors which results in the retention of plasmin on cell
            surfaces and in plasmin-induced cell signaling. The localization of
            plasminogen on cell surfaces plays a role in the degradation of
            extracellular matrices, cell migration, inflamation, wound healing,
            oncogenesis, metastasis, myogenesis, muscle regeneration, neurite
            outgrowth, and fibrinolysis. This protein may also play a role in
            acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) which, in part, is
            caused by enhanced clot formation and the suppression of
            fibrinolysis. Compared to other mammals, the cluster of
            plasminogen-like genes to which this gene belongs has been
            rearranged in catarrhine primates. [provided by RefSeq, May 2020].
            
            Transcript Variant: This variant (1) represents the longer
            transcript and encodes the longer isoform (1).
            
            Publication Note:  This RefSeq record includes a subset of the
            publications that are available for this gene. Please see the Gene
            record to access additional publications.
            
            ##Evidence-Data-START##
            Transcript exon combination :: X05199.1, BC060513.1 [ECO:0000332]
            RNAseq introns              :: single sample supports all introns
                                           SAMEA1970526, SAMEA2145122
                                           [ECO:0000348]
            ##Evidence-Data-END##
            
            ##RefSeq-Attributes-START##
            coronavirus related    :: relevant for disease process
            MANE Ensembl match     :: ENST00000308192.14/ ENSP00000308938.9
            RefSeq Select criteria :: based on manual assertion, conservation,
                                      expression, longest protein
            ##RefSeq-Attributes-END##
            COMPLETENESS: full length.
PRIMARY     REFSEQ_SPAN         PRIMARY_IDENTIFIER PRIMARY_SPAN        COMP
            1-110               AL109933.25        52210-52319
            111-246             AL109933.25        56373-56508
            247-353             AL109933.25        57666-57772
            354-468             AL109933.25        61043-61157
            469-608             AL109933.25        62952-63091
            609-729             AL109933.25        64760-64880
            730-848             AL109933.25        66611-66729
            849-1011            AL109933.25        68260-68422
            1012-1157           AL109933.25        68659-68804
            1158-1317           AL109933.25        72374-72533
            1318-1499           AL109933.25        81017-81198
            1500-1648           AL109933.25        81711-81859
            1649-1742           AL109933.25        83961-84054
            1743-1863           AL109933.25        86853-86973
            1864-1938           AL109933.25        88504-88578
            1939-2079           AL109933.25        89034-89174
            2080-2186           AL109933.25        91277-91383
            2187-2332           AL109933.25        102081-102226
            2333-3530           AL109933.25        102866-104063
FEATURES             Location/Qualifiers
     source          1..3530
                     /organism="Homo sapiens"
                     /mol_type="mRNA"
                     /db_xref="taxon:9606"
                     /chromosome="6"
                     /map="6q26"
     gene            1..3530
                     /gene="PLG"
                     /gene_synonym="HAE4"
                     /note="plasminogen"
                     /db_xref="GeneID:5340"
                     /db_xref="HGNC:HGNC:9071"
                     /db_xref="MIM:173350"
     exon            1..110
                     /gene="PLG"
                     /gene_synonym="HAE4"
                     /inference="alignment:Splign:2.1.0"
     CDS             62..2494
                     /gene="PLG"
                     /gene_synonym="HAE4"
                     /EC_number="3.4.21.7"
                     /note="isoform 1 precursor is encoded by transcript
                     variant 1; plasmin"
                     /codon_start=1
                     /product="plasminogen isoform 1 precursor"
                     /protein_id="NP_000292.1"
                     /db_xref="CCDS:CCDS5279.1"
                     /db_xref="GeneID:5340"
                     /db_xref="HGNC:HGNC:9071"
                     /db_xref="MIM:173350"
                     /translation="MEHKEVVLLLLLFLKSGQGEPLDDYVNTQGASLFSVTKKQLGAG
                     SIEECAAKCEEDEEFTCRAFQYHSKEQQCVIMAENRKSSIIIRMRDVVLFEKKVYLSE
                     CKTGNGKNYRGTMSKTKNGITCQKWSSTSPHRPRFSPATHPSEGLEENYCRNPDNDPQ
                     GPWCYTTDPEKRYDYCDILECEEECMHCSGENYDGKISKTMSGLECQAWDSQSPHAHG
                     YIPSKFPNKNLKKNYCRNPDRELRPWCFTTDPNKRWELCDIPRCTTPPPSSGPTYQCL
                     KGTGENYRGNVAVTVSGHTCQHWSAQTPHTHNRTPENFPCKNLDENYCRNPDGKRAPW
                     CHTTNSQVRWEYCKIPSCDSSPVSTEQLAPTAPPELTPVVQDCYHGDGQSYRGTSSTT
                     TTGKKCQSWSSMTPHRHQKTPENYPNAGLTMNYCRNPDADKGPWCFTTDPSVRWEYCN
                     LKKCSGTEASVVAPPPVVLLPDVETPSEEDCMFGNGKGYRGKRATTVTGTPCQDWAAQ
                     EPHRHSIFTPETNPRAGLEKNYCRNPDGDVGGPWCYTTNPRKLYDYCDVPQCAAPSFD
                     CGKPQVEPKKCPGRVVGGCVAHPHSWPWQVSLRTRFGMHFCGGTLISPEWVLTAAHCL
                     EKSPRPSSYKVILGAHQEVNLEPHVQEIEVSRLFLEPTRKDIALLKLSSPAVITDKVI
                     PACLPSPNYVVADRTECFITGWGETQGTFGAGLLKEAQLPVIENKVCNRYEFLNGRVQ
                     STELCAGHLAGGTDSCQGDSGGPLVCFEKDKYILQGVTSWGLGCARPNKPGVYVRVSR
                     FVTWIEGVMRNN"
     exon            111..246
                     /gene="PLG"
                     /gene_synonym="HAE4"
                     /inference="alignment:Splign:2.1.0"
     exon            247..353
                     /gene="PLG"
                     /gene_synonym="HAE4"
                     /inference="alignment:Splign:2.1.0"
     exon            354..468
                     /gene="PLG"
                     /gene_synonym="HAE4"
                     /inference="alignment:Splign:2.1.0"
     exon            469..608
                     /gene="PLG"
                     /gene_synonym="HAE4"
                     /inference="alignment:Splign:2.1.0"
     exon            609..729
                     /gene="PLG"
                     /gene_synonym="HAE4"
                     /inference="alignment:Splign:2.1.0"
     exon            730..848
                     /gene="PLG"
                     /gene_synonym="HAE4"
                     /inference="alignment:Splign:2.1.0"
     exon            849..1011
                     /gene="PLG"
                     /gene_synonym="HAE4"
                     /inference="alignment:Splign:2.1.0"
     exon            1012..1157
                     /gene="PLG"
                     /gene_synonym="HAE4"
                     /inference="alignment:Splign:2.1.0"
     exon            1158..1317
                     /gene="PLG"
                     /gene_synonym="HAE4"
                     /inference="alignment:Splign:2.1.0"
     exon            1318..1499
                     /gene="PLG"
                     /gene_synonym="HAE4"
                     /inference="alignment:Splign:2.1.0"
     exon            1500..1648
                     /gene="PLG"
                     /gene_synonym="HAE4"
                     /inference="alignment:Splign:2.1.0"
     exon            1649..1742
                     /gene="PLG"
                     /gene_synonym="HAE4"
                     /inference="alignment:Splign:2.1.0"
     exon            1743..1863
                     /gene="PLG"
                     /gene_synonym="HAE4"
                     /inference="alignment:Splign:2.1.0"
     exon            1864..1938
                     /gene="PLG"
                     /gene_synonym="HAE4"
                     /inference="alignment:Splign:2.1.0"
     exon            1939..2079
                     /gene="PLG"
                     /gene_synonym="HAE4"
                     /inference="alignment:Splign:2.1.0"
     exon            2080..2186
                     /gene="PLG"
                     /gene_synonym="HAE4"
                     /inference="alignment:Splign:2.1.0"
     exon            2187..2332
                     /gene="PLG"
                     /gene_synonym="HAE4"
                     /inference="alignment:Splign:2.1.0"
     exon            2333..3530
                     /gene="PLG"
                     /gene_synonym="HAE4"
                     /inference="alignment:Splign:2.1.0"
     regulatory      2724..2729
                     /regulatory_class="polyA_signal_sequence"
                     /gene="PLG"
                     /gene_synonym="HAE4"
                     /note="hexamer: AGTAAA"
     polyA_site      2748
                     /gene="PLG"
                     /gene_synonym="HAE4"
                     /note="major polyA site"
     regulatory      3511..3516
                     /regulatory_class="polyA_signal_sequence"
                     /gene="PLG"
                     /gene_synonym="HAE4"
                     /note="hexamer: AATAGA"
     polyA_site      3530
                     /gene="PLG"
                     /gene_synonym="HAE4"
ORIGIN      
        1 gtaagtcaac aacatcctgg gattgggacc cactttctgg gcactgctgg ccagtcccaa
       61 aatggaacat aaggaagtgg ttcttctact tcttttattt ctgaaatcag gtcaaggaga
      121 gcctctggat gactatgtga atacccaggg ggcttcactg ttcagtgtca ctaagaagca
      181 gctgggagca ggaagtatag aagaatgtgc agcaaaatgt gaggaggacg aagaattcac
      241 ctgcagggca ttccaatatc acagtaaaga gcaacaatgt gtgataatgg ctgaaaacag
      301 gaagtcctcc ataatcatta ggatgagaga tgtagtttta tttgaaaaga aagtgtatct
      361 ctcagagtgc aagactggga atggaaagaa ctacagaggg acgatgtcca aaacaaaaaa
      421 tggcatcacc tgtcaaaaat ggagttccac ttctccccac agacctagat tctcacctgc
      481 tacacacccc tcagagggac tggaggagaa ctactgcagg aatccagaca acgatccgca
      541 ggggccctgg tgctatacta ctgatccaga aaagagatat gactactgcg acattcttga
      601 gtgtgaagag gaatgtatgc attgcagtgg agaaaactat gacggcaaaa tttccaagac
      661 catgtctgga ctggaatgcc aggcctggga ctctcagagc ccacacgctc atggatacat
      721 tccttccaaa tttccaaaca agaacctgaa gaagaattac tgtcgtaacc ccgataggga
      781 gctgcggcct tggtgtttca ccaccgaccc caacaagcgc tgggaacttt gtgacatccc
      841 ccgctgcaca acacctccac catcttctgg tcccacctac cagtgtctga agggaacagg
      901 tgaaaactat cgcgggaatg tggctgttac cgtgtccggg cacacctgtc agcactggag
      961 tgcacagacc cctcacacac ataacaggac accagaaaac ttcccctgca aaaatttgga
     1021 tgaaaactac tgccgcaatc ctgacggaaa aagggcccca tggtgccata caaccaacag
     1081 ccaagtgcgg tgggagtact gtaagatacc gtcctgtgac tcctccccag tatccacgga
     1141 acaattggct cccacagcac cacctgagct aacccctgtg gtccaggact gctaccatgg
     1201 tgatggacag agctaccgag gcacatcctc caccaccacc acaggaaaga agtgtcagtc
     1261 ttggtcatct atgacaccac accggcacca gaagacccca gaaaactacc caaatgctgg
     1321 cctgacaatg aactactgca ggaatccaga tgccgataaa ggcccctggt gttttaccac
     1381 agaccccagc gtcaggtggg agtactgcaa cctgaaaaaa tgctcaggaa cagaagcgag
     1441 tgttgtagca cctccgcctg ttgtcctgct tccagatgta gagactcctt ccgaagaaga
     1501 ctgtatgttt gggaatggga aaggataccg aggcaagagg gcgaccactg ttactgggac
     1561 gccatgccag gactgggctg cccaggagcc ccatagacac agcattttca ctccagagac
     1621 aaatccacgg gcgggtctgg aaaaaaatta ctgccgtaac cctgatggtg atgtaggtgg
     1681 tccctggtgc tacacgacaa atccaagaaa actttacgac tactgtgatg tccctcagtg
     1741 tgcggcccct tcatttgatt gtgggaagcc tcaagtggag ccgaagaaat gtcctggaag
     1801 ggttgtaggg gggtgtgtgg cccacccaca ttcctggccc tggcaagtca gtcttagaac
     1861 aaggtttgga atgcacttct gtggaggcac cttgatatcc ccagagtggg tgttgactgc
     1921 tgcccactgc ttggagaagt ccccaaggcc ttcatcctac aaggtcatcc tgggtgcaca
     1981 ccaagaagtg aatctcgaac cgcatgttca ggaaatagaa gtgtctaggc tgttcttgga
     2041 gcccacacga aaagatattg ccttgctaaa gctaagcagt cctgccgtca tcactgacaa
     2101 agtaatccca gcttgtctgc catccccaaa ttatgtggtc gctgaccgga ccgaatgttt
     2161 catcactggc tggggagaaa cccaaggtac ttttggagct ggccttctca aggaagccca
     2221 gctccctgtg attgagaata aagtgtgcaa tcgctatgag tttctgaatg gaagagtcca
     2281 atccaccgaa ctctgtgctg ggcatttggc cggaggcact gacagttgcc agggtgacag
     2341 tggaggtcct ctggtttgct tcgagaagga caaatacatt ttacaaggag tcacttcttg
     2401 gggtcttggc tgtgcacgcc ccaataagcc tggtgtctat gttcgtgttt caaggtttgt
     2461 tacttggatt gagggagtga tgagaaataa ttaattggac gggagacaga gtgacgcact
     2521 gactcaccta gaggctggaa cgtgggtagg gatttagcat gctggaaata actggcagta
     2581 atcaaacgaa gacactgtcc ccagctacca gctacgccaa acctcggcat tttttgtgtt
     2641 attttctgac tgctggattc tgtagtaagg tgacatagct atgacatttg ttaaaaataa
     2701 actctgtact taactttgat ttgagtaaat tttggttttg gtcttcaaca ttttcatgct
     2761 ctttgttcac cccaccaatt tttaaatggg cagatggggg gatttagctg cttttgataa
     2821 ggaacagctg cacaaaggac tgagcaggct gcaaggtcac agaggggaga gccaagaagt
     2881 tgtccacgca tttacctcat cagctaacga gggcttgaca tgcattttta ctgtctttat
     2941 tcctgacact gagatgaatg ttttcaaagc tgcaacatgt atggggagtc atgcaaaccg
     3001 attctgttat tgggaatgaa atctgtcacc gactgcttga cttgagccca ggggacacgg
     3061 agcagagagc tgtatatgat ggagtgaacc ggtccatgga tgtgtaacac aagaccaact
     3121 gagagtctga atgttattct ggggcacacg tgagtctagg attggtgcca agagcatgta
     3181 aatgaacaac aagcaaatat tgaaggtgga ccacttattt cccattgcta attgcctgcc
     3241 cggttttgaa acagtctgca gtacacacgg tcacaggaga atgacctgtg ggagagatac
     3301 atgtttagaa ggaagagaaa ggacaaaggc acacgtttta ccatttaaaa tattgttacc
     3361 aaacaaaaat atccattcaa aatacaattt aacaatgcaa cagtcatctt acagcagaga
     3421 aatgcagaga aaagcaaaac tgcaagtgac tgtgaataaa gggtgaatgt agtctcaaat
     3481 cctcaaagag ctgtgtttat ttcattgaca aatagattat ttgtattcaa
//
