LOCUS       NM_002616               4676 bp    mRNA    linear   PRI 11-SEP-2024
DEFINITION  Homo sapiens period circadian regulator 1 (PER1), mRNA.
ACCESSION   NM_002616
VERSION     NM_002616.3
KEYWORDS    RefSeq; MANE Select.
SOURCE      Homo sapiens (human)
  ORGANISM  Homo sapiens
            Eukaryota; Metazoa; Chordata; Craniata; Vertebrata; Euteleostomi;
            Mammalia; Eutheria; Euarchontoglires; Primates; Haplorrhini;
            Catarrhini; Hominidae; Homo.
REFERENCE   1  (bases 1 to 4676)
  AUTHORS   Li,T., Cao,Y., Zhou,P., Xie,Y., Tao,S., Zou,L., Yang,Y., Tao,F. and
            Wu,X.
  TITLE     Prospective study of the association between chronotypes and
            depressive symptoms in Chinese university students: Moderating
            effects of PER1 gene DNA methylation
  JOURNAL   Chronobiol Int 41 (5), 621-631 (2024)
   PUBMED   38568246
  REMARK    GeneRIF: Prospective study of the association between chronotypes
            and depressive symptoms in Chinese university students: Moderating
            effects of PER1 gene DNA methylation.
REFERENCE   2  (bases 1 to 4676)
  AUTHORS   Chen,S., Zhang,W., Li,X., Cao,Z. and Liu,C.
  TITLE     DNA polymerase beta connects tumorigenicity with the circadian
            clock in liver cancer through the epigenetic demethylation of Per1
  JOURNAL   Cell Death Dis 15 (1), 78 (2024)
   PUBMED   38245510
  REMARK    GeneRIF: DNA polymerase beta connects tumorigenicity with the
            circadian clock in liver cancer through the epigenetic
            demethylation of Per1.
            Publication Status: Online-Only
REFERENCE   3  (bases 1 to 4676)
  AUTHORS   Agarwal,V., Yadav,T.C., Tiwari,A. and Varadwaj,P.K.
  TITLE     Insights into structure and activity relationship of clinically
            mutated PER1 and PER2 class A beta-lactamase enzymes
  JOURNAL   J Biomol Struct Dyn 41 (10), 4295-4312 (2023)
   PUBMED   35475497
  REMARK    GeneRIF: Insights into structure and activity relationship of
            clinically mutated PER1 and PER2 class A beta-lactamase enzymes.
REFERENCE   4  (bases 1 to 4676)
  AUTHORS   Huang,Y., Wang,J., Zhang,H., Xiang,Y., Dai,Z., Zhang,H., Li,J.,
            Li,H. and Liao,X.
  TITLE     LncRNA TPTEP1 inhibits the migration and invasion of gastric cancer
            cells through miR-548d-3p/KLF9/PER1 axis
  JOURNAL   Pathol Res Pract 237, 154054 (2022)
   PUBMED   35985238
  REMARK    GeneRIF: LncRNA TPTEP1 inhibits the migration and invasion of
            gastric cancer cells through miR-548d-3p/KLF9/PER1 axis.
REFERENCE   5  (bases 1 to 4676)
  AUTHORS   Yin,S., Zhang,Z., Tang,H. and Yang,K.
  TITLE     The biological clock gene PER1 affects the development of oral
            squamous cell carcinoma by altering the circadian rhythms of cell
            proliferation and apoptosis
  JOURNAL   Chronobiol Int 39 (9), 1206-1219 (2022)
   PUBMED   35678317
  REMARK    GeneRIF: The biological clock gene PER1 affects the development of
            oral squamous cell carcinoma by altering the circadian rhythms of
            cell proliferation and apoptosis.
REFERENCE   6  (bases 1 to 4676)
  AUTHORS   Griffin,E.A. Jr., Staknis,D. and Weitz,C.J.
  TITLE     Light-independent role of CRY1 and CRY2 in the mammalian circadian
            clock
  JOURNAL   Science 286 (5440), 768-771 (1999)
   PUBMED   10531061
REFERENCE   7  (bases 1 to 4676)
  AUTHORS   Sangoram,A.M., Saez,L., Antoch,M.P., Gekakis,N., Staknis,D.,
            Whiteley,A., Fruechte,E.M., Vitaterna,M.H., Shimomura,K.,
            King,D.P., Young,M.W., Weitz,C.J. and Takahashi,J.S.
  TITLE     Mammalian circadian autoregulatory loop: a timeless ortholog and
            mPer1 interact and negatively regulate CLOCK-BMAL1-induced
            transcription
  JOURNAL   Neuron 21 (5), 1101-1113 (1998)
   PUBMED   9856465
REFERENCE   8  (bases 1 to 4676)
  AUTHORS   Shearman,L.P., Zylka,M.J., Weaver,D.R., Kolakowski,L.F. Jr. and
            Reppert,S.M.
  TITLE     Two period homologs: circadian expression and photic regulation in
            the suprachiasmatic nuclei
  JOURNAL   Neuron 19 (6), 1261-1269 (1997)
   PUBMED   9427249
REFERENCE   9  (bases 1 to 4676)
  AUTHORS   Tei,H., Okamura,H., Shigeyoshi,Y., Fukuhara,C., Ozawa,R., Hirose,M.
            and Sakaki,Y.
  TITLE     Circadian oscillation of a mammalian homologue of the Drosophila
            period gene
  JOURNAL   Nature 389 (6650), 512-516 (1997)
   PUBMED   9333243
REFERENCE   10 (bases 1 to 4676)
  AUTHORS   Sun,Z.S., Albrecht,U., Zhuchenko,O., Bailey,J., Eichele,G. and
            Lee,C.C.
  TITLE     RIGUI, a putative mammalian ortholog of the Drosophila period gene
  JOURNAL   Cell 90 (6), 1003-1011 (1997)
   PUBMED   9323128
COMMENT     REVIEWED REFSEQ: This record has been curated by NCBI staff. The
            reference sequence was derived from DA411574.1, AB002107.1,
            DA835861.1 and AB088477.1.
            
            On Nov 23, 2018 this sequence version replaced NM_002616.2.
            
            Summary: This gene is a member of the Period family of genes and is
            expressed in a circadian pattern in the suprachiasmatic nucleus,
            the primary circadian pacemaker in the mammalian brain. Genes in
            this family encode components of the circadian rhythms of locomotor
            activity, metabolism, and behavior. This gene is upregulated by
            CLOCK/ARNTL heterodimers but then represses this upregulation in a
            feedback loop using PER/CRY heterodimers to interact with
            CLOCK/ARNTL. Polymorphisms in this gene may increase the risk of
            getting certain cancers. Alternative splicing has been observed in
            this gene; however, these variants have not been fully described.
            [provided by RefSeq, Jan 2014].
            
            Publication Note:  This RefSeq record includes a subset of the
            publications that are available for this gene. Please see the Gene
            record to access additional publications.
            
            ##Evidence-Data-START##
            Transcript exon combination :: AF022991.1, AK291061.1 [ECO:0000332]
            RNAseq introns              :: mixed sample support SAMEA1965299,
                                           SAMEA1966682 [ECO:0006172]
            ##Evidence-Data-END##
            
            ##RefSeq-Attributes-START##
            MANE Ensembl match     :: ENST00000317276.9/ ENSP00000314420.4
            RefSeq Select criteria :: based on single protein-coding transcript
            ##RefSeq-Attributes-END##
            COMPLETENESS: full length.
PRIMARY     REFSEQ_SPAN         PRIMARY_IDENTIFIER PRIMARY_SPAN        COMP
            1-207               DA411574.1         32-238
            208-3090            AB002107.1         1-2883
            3091-3293           DA835861.1         333-535
            3294-4676           AB088477.1         3267-4649
FEATURES             Location/Qualifiers
     source          1..4676
                     /organism="Homo sapiens"
                     /mol_type="mRNA"
                     /db_xref="taxon:9606"
                     /chromosome="17"
                     /map="17p13.1"
     gene            1..4676
                     /gene="PER1"
                     /gene_synonym="hPER; PER; RIGUI"
                     /note="period circadian regulator 1"
                     /db_xref="GeneID:5187"
                     /db_xref="HGNC:HGNC:8845"
                     /db_xref="MIM:602260"
     exon            1..68
                     /gene="PER1"
                     /gene_synonym="hPER; PER; RIGUI"
                     /inference="alignment:Splign:2.1.0"
     exon            69..482
                     /gene="PER1"
                     /gene_synonym="hPER; PER; RIGUI"
                     /inference="alignment:Splign:2.1.0"
     CDS             208..4080
                     /gene="PER1"
                     /gene_synonym="hPER; PER; RIGUI"
                     /note="circadian pacemaker protein RIGUI; Period,
                     drosophila, homolog of; hPER1; period homolog 1; circadian
                     clock protein PERIOD 1; period circadian clock 1"
                     /codon_start=1
                     /product="period circadian protein homolog 1"
                     /protein_id="NP_002607.2"
                     /db_xref="CCDS:CCDS11131.1"
                     /db_xref="GeneID:5187"
                     /db_xref="HGNC:HGNC:8845"
                     /db_xref="MIM:602260"
                     /translation="MSGPLEGADGGGDPRPGESFCPGGVPSPGPPQHRPCPGPSLADD
                     TDANSNGSSGNESNGHESRGASQRSSHSSSSGNGKDSALLETTESSKSTNSQSPSPPS
                     SSIAYSLLSASSEQDNPSTSGCSSEQSARARTQKELMTALRELKLRLPPERRGKGRSG
                     TLATLQYALACVKQVQANQEYYQQWSLEEGEPCSMDMSTYTLEELEHITSEYTLQNQD
                     TFSVAVSFLTGRIVYISEQAAVLLRCKRDVFRGTRFSELLAPQDVGVFYGSTAPSRLP
                     TWGTGASAGSGLRDFTQEKSVFCRIRGGPDRDPGPRYQPFRLTPYVTKIRVSDGAPAQ
                     PCCLLIAERIHSGYEAPRIPPDKRIFTTRHTPSCLFQDVDERAAPLLGYLPQDLLGAP
                     VLLFLHPEDRPLMLAIHKKILQLAGQPFDHSPIRFCARNGEYVTMDTSWAGFVHPWSR
                     KVAFVLGRHKVRTAPLNEDVFTPPAPSPAPSLDTDIQELSEQIHRLLLQPVHSPSPTG
                     LCGVGAVTSPGPLHSPGSSSDSNGGDAEGPGPPAPVTFQQICKDVHLVKHQGQQLFIE
                     SRARPQSRPRLPATGTFKAKALPCQSPDPELEAGSAPVQAPLALVPEEAERKEASSCS
                     YQQINCLDSILRYLESCNLPSTTKRKCASSSSYTTSSASDDDRQRTGPVSVGTKKDPP
                     SAALSGEGATPRKEPVVGGTLSPLALANKAESVVSVTSQCSFSSTIVHVGDKKPPESD
                     IIMMEDLPGLAPGPAPSPAPSPTVAPDPAPDAYRPVGLTKAVLSLHTQKEEQAFLSRF
                     RDLGRLRGLDSSSTAPSALGERGCHHGPAPPSRRHHCRSKAKRSRHHQNPRAEAPCYV
                     SHPSPVPPSTPWPTPPATTPFPAVVQPYPLPVFSPRGGPQPLPPAPTSVPPAAFPAPL
                     VTPMVALVLPNYLFPTPSSYPYGALQTPAEGPPTPASHSPSPSLPALAPSPPHRPDSP
                     LFNSRCSSPLQLNLLQLEELPRAEGAAVAGGPGSSAGPPPPSAEAAEPEARLAEVTES
                     SNQDALSGSSDLLELLLQEDSRSGTGSAASGSLGSGLGSGSGSGSHEGGSTSASITRS
                     SQSSHTSKYFGSIDSSEAEAGAARGGAEPGDQVIKYVLQDPIWLLMANADQRVMMTYQ
                     VPSRDMTSVLKQDRERLRAMQKQQPRFSEDQRRELGAVHSWVRKGQLPRALDVMACVD
                     CGSSTQDPGHPDDPLFSELDGLGLEPMEEGGGEQGSSGGGSGEGEGCEEAQGGAKASS
                     SQDLAMEEEEEGRSSSSPALPTAGNCTS"
     exon            483..581
                     /gene="PER1"
                     /gene_synonym="hPER; PER; RIGUI"
                     /inference="alignment:Splign:2.1.0"
     exon            582..736
                     /gene="PER1"
                     /gene_synonym="hPER; PER; RIGUI"
                     /inference="alignment:Splign:2.1.0"
     exon            737..858
                     /gene="PER1"
                     /gene_synonym="hPER; PER; RIGUI"
                     /inference="alignment:Splign:2.1.0"
     exon            859..1060
                     /gene="PER1"
                     /gene_synonym="hPER; PER; RIGUI"
                     /inference="alignment:Splign:2.1.0"
     exon            1061..1112
                     /gene="PER1"
                     /gene_synonym="hPER; PER; RIGUI"
                     /inference="alignment:Splign:2.1.0"
     exon            1113..1255
                     /gene="PER1"
                     /gene_synonym="hPER; PER; RIGUI"
                     /inference="alignment:Splign:2.1.0"
     exon            1256..1334
                     /gene="PER1"
                     /gene_synonym="hPER; PER; RIGUI"
                     /inference="alignment:Splign:2.1.0"
     exon            1335..1441
                     /gene="PER1"
                     /gene_synonym="hPER; PER; RIGUI"
                     /inference="alignment:Splign:2.1.0"
     exon            1442..1595
                     /gene="PER1"
                     /gene_synonym="hPER; PER; RIGUI"
                     /inference="alignment:Splign:2.1.0"
     exon            1596..1704
                     /gene="PER1"
                     /gene_synonym="hPER; PER; RIGUI"
                     /inference="alignment:Splign:2.1.0"
     exon            1705..1836
                     /gene="PER1"
                     /gene_synonym="hPER; PER; RIGUI"
                     /inference="alignment:Splign:2.1.0"
     exon            1837..1942
                     /gene="PER1"
                     /gene_synonym="hPER; PER; RIGUI"
                     /inference="alignment:Splign:2.1.0"
     exon            1943..2114
                     /gene="PER1"
                     /gene_synonym="hPER; PER; RIGUI"
                     /inference="alignment:Splign:2.1.0"
     exon            2115..2245
                     /gene="PER1"
                     /gene_synonym="hPER; PER; RIGUI"
                     /inference="alignment:Splign:2.1.0"
     exon            2246..2425
                     /gene="PER1"
                     /gene_synonym="hPER; PER; RIGUI"
                     /inference="alignment:Splign:2.1.0"
     exon            2426..2668
                     /gene="PER1"
                     /gene_synonym="hPER; PER; RIGUI"
                     /inference="alignment:Splign:2.1.0"
     exon            2669..3279
                     /gene="PER1"
                     /gene_synonym="hPER; PER; RIGUI"
                     /inference="alignment:Splign:2.1.0"
     exon            3280..3466
                     /gene="PER1"
                     /gene_synonym="hPER; PER; RIGUI"
                     /inference="alignment:Splign:2.1.0"
     exon            3467..3656
                     /gene="PER1"
                     /gene_synonym="hPER; PER; RIGUI"
                     /inference="alignment:Splign:2.1.0"
     exon            3657..3807
                     /gene="PER1"
                     /gene_synonym="hPER; PER; RIGUI"
                     /inference="alignment:Splign:2.1.0"
     exon            3808..4676
                     /gene="PER1"
                     /gene_synonym="hPER; PER; RIGUI"
                     /inference="alignment:Splign:2.1.0"
     regulatory      4655..4660
                     /regulatory_class="polyA_signal_sequence"
                     /gene="PER1"
                     /gene_synonym="hPER; PER; RIGUI"
                     /note="hexamer: AATACA"
     polyA_site      4676
                     /gene="PER1"
                     /gene_synonym="hPER; PER; RIGUI"
                     /note="major polyA site"
ORIGIN      
        1 ggagcttcca ctcggctgcg ggctggagcg gcggcgggca ggcgtgcgga ggacactcct
       61 gcgaccaggt actggctgtg atcgaacttc tcaaccctca gagacttaga tcttccacct
      121 cactccctca gccaagcctc caggccccct cgtgcatccg tggtggcctc tctgccttct
      181 ctgttctgtt ctccccatgg cccagacatg agtggccccc tagaaggggc tgatggggga
      241 ggggacccca ggcctgggga atcattttgt cctgggggcg tcccatcccc tgggccccca
      301 cagcaccggc cttgcccagg ccccagcctg gccgatgaca ccgatgccaa cagcaatggt
      361 tcaagtggca atgagtccaa cgggcatgag tctagaggcg catctcagcg gagctcacac
      421 agctcctcct caggcaacgg caaggactca gccctgctgg agaccactga gagcagcaag
      481 agcacaaact ctcagagccc atccccaccc agcagttcca ttgcctacag cctcctgagt
      541 gccagctcag agcaggacaa cccgtccacc agtggctgca gcagtgaaca gtcagcccgg
      601 gcaaggactc agaaggaact catgacagca cttcgagagc tcaagcttcg actgccgcca
      661 gagcgccggg gcaagggccg ctctgggacc ctggccacgc tgcagtacgc actggcctgt
      721 gtcaagcagg tgcaggccaa ccaggaatac taccagcagt ggagcctgga ggagggcgag
      781 ccttgctcca tggacatgtc cacctatacc ctggaggagc tggagcacat cacgtctgag
      841 tacacacttc agaaccagga taccttctca gtggctgtct ccttcctgac gggccgaatc
      901 gtctacattt cggagcaggc agccgtcctg ctgcgttgca agcgggacgt gttccggggt
      961 acccgcttct ctgagctcct ggctccccag gatgtgggag tcttctatgg ttccactgct
     1021 ccatctcgcc tgcccacctg gggcacaggg gcctcagcag gttcaggcct cagggacttt
     1081 acccaggaga agtccgtctt ctgccgtatc agaggaggtc ctgaccggga tccagggcct
     1141 cggtaccagc cattccgcct aaccccgtat gtgaccaaga tccgggtctc agatggggcc
     1201 cctgcacagc cgtgctgcct gctgattgca gagcgcatcc attcgggtta cgaagctccc
     1261 cggatacccc ctgacaagag gattttcact acgcggcaca cacccagctg cctcttccag
     1321 gatgtggatg aaagggctgc ccccctgctg ggctacctgc cccaggacct cctgggggcc
     1381 ccagtgctcc tgttcctgca tcctgaggac cgacccctca tgctggctat ccacaagaag
     1441 attctgcagt tggcgggcca gccctttgac cactccccta tccgcttctg tgcccgcaac
     1501 ggggagtatg tcaccatgga caccagctgg gctggctttg tgcacccctg gagccgcaag
     1561 gtagccttcg tgttgggccg ccacaaagta cgcacggccc ccctgaatga ggacgtgttc
     1621 actcccccgg cccccagccc agctccctcc ctggacactg atatccagga gctgtcagag
     1681 cagatccacc ggctgctgct gcagcccgtc cacagcccca gccccacggg actctgtgga
     1741 gtcggcgccg tgacatcccc aggccctctc cacagccctg ggtcctccag tgatagcaac
     1801 gggggtgatg cagaggggcc tgggcctcct gcgccagtga ctttccagca gatctgtaag
     1861 gatgtgcatc tggtgaagca ccagggccag cagcttttta ttgagtctcg ggcccggcct
     1921 cagtcccggc cccgcctccc tgctacaggc acgttcaagg ccaaggccct tccctgccaa
     1981 tccccagacc cagagctgga ggcgggttct gctcccgtcc aggccccact agccttggtc
     2041 cctgaggagg ccgagaggaa agaagcctcc agctgctcct accagcagat caactgcctg
     2101 gacagcatcc tcaggtacct ggagagctgc aacctcccca gcaccactaa gcgtaaatgt
     2161 gcctcctcct cctcctatac cacctcctca gcctctgacg acgacaggca gaggacaggt
     2221 ccagtctctg tggggaccaa gaaagatccg ccgtcagcag cgctgtctgg ggagggggcc
     2281 accccacgga aggagccagt ggtgggaggc accctgagcc cgctcgccct ggccaataag
     2341 gcggagagtg tggtgtccgt caccagtcag tgtagcttca gctccaccat cgtccatgtg
     2401 ggagacaaga agcccccgga gtcggacatc atcatgatgg aggacctgcc tggcctagcc
     2461 ccaggcccag cccccagccc agcccccagc cccacagtag cccctgaccc agccccagac
     2521 gcctaccgtc cagtggggct gaccaaggcc gtgctgtccc tgcacacaca gaaggaagag
     2581 caagccttcc tcagccgctt ccgagacctg ggcaggctgc gtggactcga cagctcttcc
     2641 acagctccct cagcccttgg cgagcgaggc tgccaccacg gccccgcacc cccaagccgc
     2701 cgacaccact gccgatccaa agccaagcgc tcacgccacc accagaaccc tcgggctgaa
     2761 gcgccctgct atgtctcaca cccctcaccc gtgccaccct ccaccccctg gcccacccca
     2821 ccagccacta cccccttccc agcggttgtc cagccctacc ctctcccagt gttctctcct
     2881 cgaggaggcc cccagcctct tccccctgct cccacatctg tgcccccagc tgctttcccc
     2941 gcccctttgg tgaccccaat ggtggccttg gtgctcccta actatctgtt cccaacccca
     3001 tccagctatc cttatggggc actccagacc cctgctgaag ggcctcccac tcctgcctcg
     3061 cactcccctt ctccatcctt gcccgccctc gccccgagtc ctcctcaccg cccggactct
     3121 ccactgttca actcgagatg cagctctcca ctccagctca atctgctgca gctggaggag
     3181 ctcccccgtg ctgagggggc tgctgttgca ggaggccctg ggagcagtgc cgggccccca
     3241 cctcccagtg cggaggctgc tgagccagag gccagactgg cggaggtcac tgagtcctcc
     3301 aatcaggacg cactttccgg ctccagtgac ctgctcgaac ttctgctgca agaggactcg
     3361 cgctccggca caggctccgc agcctcgggc tccttgggct ctggcttggg ctctgggtct
     3421 ggttcaggct cccatgaagg gggcagcacc tcagccagca tcactcgcag cagccagagc
     3481 agccacacaa gcaaatactt tggcagcatc gactcttccg aggctgaggc tggggctgct
     3541 cggggcgggg ctgagcctgg ggaccaggtg attaagtacg tgctccagga tcccatttgg
     3601 ctgctcatgg ccaatgctga ccagcgcgtc atgatgacct accaggtgcc ctccagggac
     3661 atgacctctg tgctgaagca ggatcgggag cggctccgag ccatgcagaa gcagcagcct
     3721 cggttttctg aggaccagcg gcgggaactg ggtgctgtgc actcctgggt ccggaagggc
     3781 caactgcctc gggctcttga tgtgatggcc tgtgtggact gtgggagcag cacccaagat
     3841 cctggtcacc ctgatgaccc actcttctca gagctggatg gactggggct ggagcccatg
     3901 gaagagggtg gaggcgagca gggcagcagc ggtggcggca gtggtgaggg agagggctgc
     3961 gaggaggccc aaggcggggc caaggcttca agctctcagg acttggctat ggaggaggag
     4021 gaagaaggca ggagctcatc cagtccagcc ttacctacag caggaaactg caccagctag
     4081 actccattct gggaccatct ccaggagtcc atgagaggct ttcttctcct atgtcccaat
     4141 tctcagaact cagatgtggc tagaccaacc agtgggaaac tgccccagct tctcccacca
     4201 tagggggccg gacccccatc accagcctag gatccagggg ctgcctctgg cctcttaggg
     4261 agcagagagc agaactccgc agcccagccc agaggagtgt cacctcccac ctttggagag
     4321 gaatccttcc ctcccctgga caaagttgct gacaagctgc tgaagtggcc tctccatatt
     4381 ccagctgagc ctgaatctga ctcttgaggg ttggggctgc acttatttat tgcggggaga
     4441 cagctctctc tcccacctcc tccccagatg ggaggagagc ctgaggccca agcaggaccc
     4501 gggggttcca gcccctagct gctctggagt gggggaggtt ggtggaccat ggagtccctg
     4561 gtgctgcccc tcaggtggga cccaggcgtt ctcagctgta ccctctgccg atggcatttg
     4621 tgtttttgat atttgtgtct gttactactt ttttaataca aaaagataaa aacgcc
//
