LOCUS       NM_002612               3601 bp    mRNA    linear   PRI 23-APR-2024
DEFINITION  Homo sapiens pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase 4 (PDK4), mRNA.
ACCESSION   NM_002612 XM_374226
VERSION     NM_002612.4
KEYWORDS    RefSeq; MANE Select.
SOURCE      Homo sapiens (human)
  ORGANISM  Homo sapiens
            Eukaryota; Metazoa; Chordata; Craniata; Vertebrata; Euteleostomi;
            Mammalia; Eutheria; Euarchontoglires; Primates; Haplorrhini;
            Catarrhini; Hominidae; Homo.
REFERENCE   1  (bases 1 to 3601)
  AUTHORS   Chen,T., Ye,L., Zhu,J., Tan,B., Yi,Q., Sun,Y., Xie,Q., Xiang,H.,
            Wang,R., Tian,J. and Xu,H.
  TITLE     Inhibition of Pyruvate Dehydrogenase Kinase 4 Attenuates Myocardial
            and Mitochondrial Injury in Sepsis-Induced Cardiomyopathy
  JOURNAL   J Infect Dis 229 (4), 1178-1188 (2024)
   PUBMED   37624974
  REMARK    GeneRIF: Inhibition of Pyruvate Dehydrogenase Kinase 4 Attenuates
            Myocardial and Mitochondrial Injury in Sepsis-Induced
            Cardiomyopathy.
REFERENCE   2  (bases 1 to 3601)
  AUTHORS   Liu,Q., Xu,P., Jin,M., Wang,L., Hu,F., Yang,Q., Bi,R., Xiao,H.,
            Jiang,L. and Ding,F.
  TITLE     circFTO from M2 macrophage-derived small extracellular vesicles
            (sEV) enhances NSCLC malignancy by regulation miR-148a-3pPDK4 axis
  JOURNAL   Cancer Immunol Immunother 73 (5), 91 (2024)
   PUBMED   38554157
  REMARK    GeneRIF: circFTO from M2 macrophage-derived small extracellular
            vesicles (sEV) enhances NSCLC malignancy by regulation
            miR-148a-3pPDK4 axis.
            Publication Status: Online-Only
REFERENCE   3  (bases 1 to 3601)
  AUTHORS   Cai,W., Wang,X., Deng,Q., Gao,J. and Chen,Y.
  TITLE     Expression and Role of PDK4 on Childhood Dyslipidemia and Lipid
            Metabolism in Hyperlipidemic Mice
  JOURNAL   Horm Metab Res 56 (2), 167-176 (2024)
   PUBMED   38096914
  REMARK    GeneRIF: Expression and Role of PDK4 on Childhood Dyslipidemia and
            Lipid Metabolism in Hyperlipidemic Mice.
REFERENCE   4  (bases 1 to 3601)
  AUTHORS   Wei,P., Lin,D., Luo,C., Zhang,M., Deng,B., Cui,K. and Chen,Z.
  TITLE     High glucose promotes benign prostatic hyperplasia by
            downregulating PDK4 expression
  JOURNAL   Sci Rep 13 (1), 17910 (2023)
   PUBMED   37863991
  REMARK    GeneRIF: High glucose promotes benign prostatic hyperplasia by
            downregulating PDK4 expression.
            Publication Status: Online-Only
REFERENCE   5  (bases 1 to 3601)
  AUTHORS   Ma,Z., Mo,R., Yang,P., Ding,Y., Zhang,H., Dong,Z., Chen,Y. and
            Tan,Q.
  TITLE     PDK4 facilitates fibroblast functions and diabetic wound healing
            through regulation of HIF-1alpha protein stability and gene
            expression
  JOURNAL   FASEB J 37 (10), e23215 (2023)
   PUBMED   37737961
  REMARK    GeneRIF: PDK4 facilitates fibroblast functions and diabetic wound
            healing through regulation of HIF-1alpha protein stability and gene
            expression.
REFERENCE   6  (bases 1 to 3601)
  AUTHORS   Kolobova,E., Tuganova,A., Boulatnikov,I. and Popov,K.M.
  TITLE     Regulation of pyruvate dehydrogenase activity through
            phosphorylation at multiple sites
  JOURNAL   Biochem J 358 (Pt 1), 69-77 (2001)
   PUBMED   11485553
REFERENCE   7  (bases 1 to 3601)
  AUTHORS   Pilegaard,H., Ordway,G.A., Saltin,B. and Neufer,P.D.
  TITLE     Transcriptional regulation of gene expression in human skeletal
            muscle during recovery from exercise
  JOURNAL   Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 279 (4), E806-E814 (2000)
   PUBMED   11001762
REFERENCE   8  (bases 1 to 3601)
  AUTHORS   Majer,M., Popov,K.M., Harris,R.A., Bogardus,C. and Prochazka,M.
  TITLE     Insulin downregulates pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase (PDK) mRNA:
            potential mechanism contributing to increased lipid oxidation in
            insulin-resistant subjects
  JOURNAL   Mol Genet Metab 65 (2), 181-186 (1998)
   PUBMED   9787110
REFERENCE   9  (bases 1 to 3601)
  AUTHORS   Rowles,J., Scherer,S.W., Xi,T., Majer,M., Nickle,D.C.,
            Rommens,J.M., Popov,K.M., Harris,R.A., Riebow,N.L., Xia,J.,
            Tsui,L.C., Bogardus,C. and Prochazka,M.
  TITLE     Cloning and characterization of PDK4 on 7q21.3 encoding a fourth
            pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase isoenzyme in human
  JOURNAL   J Biol Chem 271 (37), 22376-22382 (1996)
   PUBMED   8798399
REFERENCE   10 (bases 1 to 3601)
  AUTHORS   Gudi,R., Bowker-Kinley,M.M., Kedishvili,N.Y., Zhao,Y. and
            Popov,K.M.
  TITLE     Diversity of the pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase gene family in
            humans
  JOURNAL   J Biol Chem 270 (48), 28989-28994 (1995)
   PUBMED   7499431
  REMARK    Erratum:[J Biol Chem 1996 Jan 12;271(2):1250]
COMMENT     REVIEWED REFSEQ: This record has been curated by NCBI staff. The
            reference sequence was derived from DB035430.1, DA923767.1,
            BC040239.1, U54617.1 and AF334710.1.
            This sequence is a reference standard in the RefSeqGene project.
            
            On Nov 22, 2018 this sequence version replaced NM_002612.3.
            
            Summary: This gene is a member of the PDK/BCKDK protein kinase
            family and encodes a mitochondrial protein with a histidine kinase
            domain. This protein is located in the matrix of the mitrochondria
            and inhibits the pyruvate dehydrogenase complex by phosphorylating
            one of its subunits, thereby contributing to the regulation of
            glucose metabolism. Expression of this gene is regulated by
            glucocorticoids, retinoic acid and insulin. [provided by RefSeq,
            Jul 2008].
            
            Publication Note:  This RefSeq record includes a subset of the
            publications that are available for this gene. Please see the Gene
            record to access additional publications.
            
            ##Evidence-Data-START##
            Transcript exon combination :: BC040239.1, SRR14038197.676339.1
                                           [ECO:0000332]
            RNAseq introns              :: mixed sample support SAMEA1965299,
                                           SAMEA1966682 [ECO:0006172]
            ##Evidence-Data-END##
            
            ##RefSeq-Attributes-START##
            gene product(s) localized to mito. :: reported by MitoCarta
            MANE Ensembl match                 :: ENST00000005178.6/
                                                  ENSP00000005178.5
            RefSeq Select criteria             :: based on single
                                                  protein-coding transcript
            ##RefSeq-Attributes-END##
            COMPLETENESS: full length.
PRIMARY     REFSEQ_SPAN         PRIMARY_IDENTIFIER PRIMARY_SPAN        COMP
            1-15                DB035430.1         98-112
            16-98               DA923767.1         108-190
            99-1245             BC040239.1         76-1222
            1246-1798           U54617.1           1245-1797
            1799-3601           AF334710.1         2-1804
FEATURES             Location/Qualifiers
     source          1..3601
                     /organism="Homo sapiens"
                     /mol_type="mRNA"
                     /db_xref="taxon:9606"
                     /chromosome="7"
                     /map="7q21.3"
     gene            1..3601
                     /gene="PDK4"
                     /note="pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase 4"
                     /db_xref="GeneID:5166"
                     /db_xref="HGNC:HGNC:8812"
                     /db_xref="MIM:602527"
     exon            1..353
                     /gene="PDK4"
                     /inference="alignment:Splign:2.1.0"
     CDS             224..1459
                     /gene="PDK4"
                     /EC_number="2.7.11.2"
                     /note="pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase, isoenzyme 4;
                     pyruvate dehydrogenase, lipoamide, kinase isozyme 4,
                     mitochondrial; [Pyruvate dehydrogenase [lipoamide]] kinase
                     isozyme 4, mitochondrial; [Pyruvate dehydrogenase
                     (acetyl-transferring)] kinase isozyme 4, mitochondrial"
                     /codon_start=1
                     /product="pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase, isozyme 4"
                     /protein_id="NP_002603.1"
                     /db_xref="CCDS:CCDS5643.1"
                     /db_xref="GeneID:5166"
                     /db_xref="HGNC:HGNC:8812"
                     /db_xref="MIM:602527"
                     /translation="MKAARFVLRSAGSLNGAGLVPREVEHFSRYSPSPLSMKQLLDFG
                     SENACERTSFAFLRQELPVRLANILKEIDILPTQLVNTSSVQLVKSWYIQSLMDLVEF
                     HEKSPDDQKALSDFVDTLIKVRNRHHNVVPTMAQGIIEYKDACTVDPVTNQNLQYFLD
                     RFYMNRISTRMLMNQHILIFSDSQTGNPSHIGSIDPNCDVVAVVQDAFECSRMLCDQY
                     YLSSPELKLTQVNGKFPDQPIHIVYVPSHLHHMLFELFKNAMRATVEHQENQPSLTPI
                     EVIVVLGKEDLTIKISDRGGGVPLRIIDRLFSYTYSTAPTPVMDNSRNAPLAGFGYGL
                     PISRLYAKYFQGDLNLYSLSGYGTDAIIYLKALSSESIEKLPVFNKSAFKHYQMSSEA
                     DDWCIPSREPKNLAKEVAM"
     exon            354..495
                     /gene="PDK4"
                     /inference="alignment:Splign:2.1.0"
     exon            496..567
                     /gene="PDK4"
                     /inference="alignment:Splign:2.1.0"
     exon            568..752
                     /gene="PDK4"
                     /inference="alignment:Splign:2.1.0"
     exon            753..839
                     /gene="PDK4"
                     /inference="alignment:Splign:2.1.0"
     exon            840..917
                     /gene="PDK4"
                     /inference="alignment:Splign:2.1.0"
     exon            918..994
                     /gene="PDK4"
                     /inference="alignment:Splign:2.1.0"
     exon            995..1093
                     /gene="PDK4"
                     /inference="alignment:Splign:2.1.0"
     exon            1094..1204
                     /gene="PDK4"
                     /inference="alignment:Splign:2.1.0"
     exon            1205..1318
                     /gene="PDK4"
                     /inference="alignment:Splign:2.1.0"
     exon            1319..3601
                     /gene="PDK4"
                     /inference="alignment:Splign:2.1.0"
     regulatory      3576..3581
                     /regulatory_class="polyA_signal_sequence"
                     /gene="PDK4"
                     /note="hexamer: AATAAA"
     polyA_site      3601
                     /gene="PDK4"
                     /note="major polyA site"
ORIGIN      
        1 aagacttgaa cttgaatctc gaaccactgc atctccgact ctgcccagac tcttcactcc
       61 gcggcaccct caaaccccag cccaggccgg ggcgcacaag ccagccagcg cacctgcagt
      121 cctcgcccgg acgcgccgcg ccccctcgga accaggctct gctccgagca gccttcgccc
      181 ctcaagccag ccacagtccc cgccaggccg ggtgggcgtc aagatgaagg cggcccgctt
      241 cgtgctgcgc agcgctggct cgctcaacgg cgccggcctg gtgccccgag aggtggagca
      301 tttctcgcgc tacagcccgt ccccgctgtc catgaagcag ctactggact ttggttcaga
      361 aaatgcatgt gaaagaactt cttttgcatt tttgcgacaa gaattgcctg tgagactcgc
      421 caacattctg aaggaaattg atatcctccc gacccaatta gtaaatacct cttcagtgca
      481 attggttaaa agctggtata tacagagcct gatggatttg gtggaattcc atgagaaaag
      541 cccagatgac cagaaagcat tatcagactt tgtagataca ctcatcaaag ttcgaaatag
      601 acaccataat gtagtcccta caatggcaca aggaatcata gagtataaag atgcctgtac
      661 agttgaccca gtcaccaatc aaaatcttca atatttcttg gatcgatttt acatgaaccg
      721 tatttctact cggatgctga tgaaccagca cattcttata tttagtgact cacagacagg
      781 aaacccaagc cacattggaa gcattgatcc taactgtgat gtggtagcag tggtccaaga
      841 tgcctttgag tgttcaagga tgctctgtga tcagtattat ttatcatctc cagaattaaa
      901 gcttacacaa gtgaatggaa aatttccaga ccaaccaatt cacatcgtgt atgttccttc
      961 tcacctccat catatgctct ttgaactatt taagaatgca atgcgggcaa cagttgaaca
     1021 ccaggaaaat cagccttccc ttacaccaat agaggttatt gttgtcttgg gaaaagaaga
     1081 ccttaccatt aagatttcag acagaggagg tggtgttccc ctgagaatta ttgaccgcct
     1141 ctttagttat acatactcca ctgcaccaac gcctgtgatg gataattccc ggaatgctcc
     1201 tttggctggt tttggttacg gcttgccaat ttctcgtctg tatgcaaagt actttcaagg
     1261 agatctgaat ctctactctt tatcaggata tggaacagat gctatcatct acttaaaggc
     1321 tttgtcttct gagtctatag aaaaacttcc agtttttaac aagtcagcct tcaaacatta
     1381 tcagatgagc tctgaggctg atgactggtg tatcccaagc agggaaccaa agaacctggc
     1441 aaaagaagtg gccatgtgaa gagggacact caggacactt tacgggatca aagtgggtct
     1501 acaccagtgc tgcttcctga atgtttgtgt gtgaaccctt gtttcctcca aaacaaacga
     1561 cagcaacgaa aactccttaa tcagaacact gatccaatga ggaatggagc ttgtttctgt
     1621 gacccaggag aacttagtgc aagactacag gagttaacag atggccagct ccttattttt
     1681 taatgtagaa taactcctga gtttatatca aatcctgaag aaataagcct cagttttcca
     1741 tctgtttttg ataagaataa gaaagggagt gagtgtgaag atggtggtta gcagtttcac
     1801 taagactgat attttaggcc tcttgttcac atcaaaagat attggtgtca gaataccagc
     1861 attttcctgc catgcaaagg attaaaactt agtttacact atgtggttac aaatatatgt
     1921 caatgtacat tttgaacata tttatgtgct atggaaggaa atgctggtga ctaaaataag
     1981 gtttactctg aaagaggagg aattttattc aaagcattca aacattttat tcaagtgttt
     2041 caaaattcaa agcattgtat tcaaagttgc agtgaaggca tcaacttatg taaaaactca
     2101 gaaggaaggc tcctctgata aaaacacagc tcctttatta tgctgctttt cttgttcact
     2161 ttacacacta agtaaacact tattgtcagg tgcctagtct tgagtgaatt gttagatgtg
     2221 cactgaactc gggatgttgg ggattggaga gagagaattg ccaaagtaac agcaaaaata
     2281 tctcttactt tgctttgttt ataaataaat tagtagattg gaaaaactag tgttagggaa
     2341 agaaatcaca tgttcagagc ctaattcagt aggaagggct tttctctacc ctgaaatgaa
     2401 ggtaatccaa aggcatccat tttctaggct taaaagatat atttttgata tatttaatta
     2461 tattctctac actccagcat taatatgtct gtttaaaaat tactaattct caaatggctc
     2521 aagaacatta gaatttaagt accttttaga gtaattattt taagcaaata gcctggacgt
     2581 aagagattct catgccagca tgctttcatt tgtcagttgt tgtgactgag agataatgaa
     2641 tgacacctga aatgcatatg gtatttttgg gagagttaag gtataatttg aaggttggca
     2701 gaccagttgc gctgattact cttagagaag aagaaatgga aaaatgaaag aaggcaggaa
     2761 ggaaagaaag gatataggaa gagagggaag cagaaggcag gcatttttct attttcccca
     2821 caaattattt caaaaaaaat ctgtattttc tgggatatgt cattggcaag aggaagaact
     2881 ggtgttttga aagcagtatg gattctttaa atgcctctca ctcttacaag atagtaggct
     2941 ttgagataat aaacttaccc gtgtcaatta acatttaaac tggcatatag aaaaaaagga
     3001 ggatttttct gcattgtaaa ataatcagta tggtttatat gttgaatttg acatttgtgt
     3061 gtaatttcat ggtggcctag tgttgtggtg cttctggtaa tggtaataga agctcaacta
     3121 tttttttgtg gatttcagtt tttatcatca gaagtcctag acagtgacat ttcttaatgg
     3181 tgggagtcca gctcatgcat ttctgattat acaaaacagt ttgcagtagg ttatttgtca
     3241 tttcagtttt ttactgaaat ttgagctaaa catttttaca tgtaaatact tgtatttacc
     3301 aaagatttaa atcagttgat taattaatta actcaaatac tgtgaactat ctctaaaaca
     3361 ctagaaaaaa gaaatgttag tatctcaatt acaccaactg tgcaaatgaa ctttgataaa
     3421 atagaaataa tctacattgg cctttgtgaa atctggggaa gagctttagg attctagtag
     3481 atggatactg aatactcagg cccacttaaa ttattaatgt atacattgtg tttttgtctt
     3541 tatgctatgt acagagaaat gtgataattt tttataataa atatttttta tgatgataaa
     3601 a
//
