LOCUS       NM_002582               3071 bp    mRNA    linear   PRI 06-OCT-2024
DEFINITION  Homo sapiens poly(A)-specific ribonuclease (PARN), transcript
            variant 1, mRNA.
ACCESSION   NM_002582
VERSION     NM_002582.4
KEYWORDS    RefSeq; MANE Select.
SOURCE      Homo sapiens (human)
  ORGANISM  Homo sapiens
            Eukaryota; Metazoa; Chordata; Craniata; Vertebrata; Euteleostomi;
            Mammalia; Eutheria; Euarchontoglires; Primates; Haplorrhini;
            Catarrhini; Hominidae; Homo.
REFERENCE   1  (bases 1 to 3071)
  AUTHORS   Dejene,E.A., Li,Y., Showkatian,Z., Ling,H. and Seto,E.
  TITLE     Regulation of poly(a)-specific ribonuclease activity by reversible
            lysine acetylation
  JOURNAL   J Biol Chem 295 (30), 10255-10270 (2020)
   PUBMED   32457045
  REMARK    GeneRIF: Regulation of poly(a)-specific ribonuclease activity by
            reversible lysine acetylation.
REFERENCE   2  (bases 1 to 3071)
  AUTHORS   Duan,T.L., Jiao,H., He,G.J. and Yan,Y.B.
  TITLE     Translation Efficiency and Degradation of ER-Associated mRNAs
            Modulated by ER-Anchored poly(A)-Specific Ribonuclease (PARN)
  JOURNAL   Cells 9 (1), 162 (2020)
   PUBMED   31936572
  REMARK    GeneRIF: Translation Efficiency and Degradation of ER-Associated
            mRNAs Modulated by ER-Anchored poly(A)-Specific Ribonuclease
            (PARN).
            Publication Status: Online-Only
REFERENCE   3  (bases 1 to 3071)
  AUTHORS   Dodson,L.M., Baldan,A., Nissbeck,M., Gunja,S.M.R., Bonnen,P.E.,
            Aubert,G., Birchansky,S., Virtanen,A. and Bertuch,A.A.
  TITLE     From incomplete penetrance with normal telomere length to severe
            disease and telomere shortening in a family with monoallelic and
            biallelic PARN pathogenic variants
  JOURNAL   Hum Mutat 40 (12), 2414-2429 (2019)
   PUBMED   31448843
  REMARK    GeneRIF: Study reports a family with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis
            with a rare missense mutation, p.Y91C, and a novel insertion,
            p.(I274*) in PARN gene.  PARN p.Y91C had reduced deadenylase
            activity and the p.(I274*) transcript was depleted.
REFERENCE   4  (bases 1 to 3071)
  AUTHORS   Duan,T.L., He,G.J., Hu,L.D. and Yan,Y.B.
  TITLE     The Intrinsically Disordered C-Terminal Domain Triggers Nucleolar
            Localization and Function Switch of PARN in Response to DNA Damage
  JOURNAL   Cells 8 (8), 836 (2019)
   PUBMED   31387300
  REMARK    GeneRIF: Intrinsically disordered PARN C-terminal domain is
            required for PARN nuclear localization in response to DNA damage.
            Publication Status: Online-Only
REFERENCE   5  (bases 1 to 3071)
  AUTHORS   Dehlin,E., Wormington,M., Korner,C.G. and Wahle,E.
  TITLE     Cap-dependent deadenylation of mRNA
  JOURNAL   EMBO J 19 (5), 1079-1086 (2000)
   PUBMED   10698948
  REMARK    GeneRIF: Deadenylation by the mammalian and amphibian
            poly(A)-specific exoribonuclease, PARN, is stimulated by the
            presence of an m(7)-guanosine cap on substrate RNAs. PARN exhibits
            intrinsic cap-binding activity.
REFERENCE   6  (bases 1 to 3071)
  AUTHORS   Buiting,K., Korner,C., Ulrich,B., Wahle,E. and Horsthemke,B.
  TITLE     The human gene for the poly(A)-specific ribonuclease (PARN) maps to
            16p13 and has a truncated copy in the Prader-Willi/Angelman
            syndrome region on 15q11-->q13
  JOURNAL   Cytogenet Cell Genet 87 (1-2), 125-131 (1999)
   PUBMED   10640832
REFERENCE   7  (bases 1 to 3071)
  AUTHORS   Korner,C.G., Wormington,M., Muckenthaler,M., Schneider,S.,
            Dehlin,E. and Wahle,E.
  TITLE     The deadenylating nuclease (DAN) is involved in poly(A) tail
            removal during the meiotic maturation of Xenopus oocytes
  JOURNAL   EMBO J 17 (18), 5427-5437 (1998)
   PUBMED   9736620
  REMARK    GeneRIF: PARN is a poly(A)-specific member of the RNase D family of
            3' exoribonucleases. It is distributed between the nucleus and the
            cytoplasm and is not stably associated with ribosomes. Xenopus PARN
            catalyzes deadenylation during oocyte maturation.
REFERENCE   8  (bases 1 to 3071)
  AUTHORS   Korner,C.G. and Wahle,E.
  TITLE     Poly(A) tail shortening by a mammalian poly(A)-specific
            3'-exoribonuclease
  JOURNAL   J Biol Chem 272 (16), 10448-10456 (1997)
   PUBMED   9099687
REFERENCE   9  (bases 1 to 3071)
  AUTHORS   Savage,S.A. and Niewisch,M.R.
  TITLE     Dyskeratosis Congenita and Related Telomere Biology Disorders
  JOURNAL   (in) Adam MP, Feldman J, Mirzaa GM, Pagon RA, Wallace SE and
            Amemiya A (Eds.);
            GENEREVIEWS(R);
            (1993)
   PUBMED   20301779
REFERENCE   10 (bases 1 to 3071)
  AUTHORS   Garcia,C.K. and Talbert,J.L.
  TITLE     Pulmonary Fibrosis Predisposition Overview
  JOURNAL   (in) Adam MP, Feldman J, Mirzaa GM, Pagon RA, Wallace SE and
            Amemiya A (Eds.);
            GENEREVIEWS(R);
            (1993)
   PUBMED   20301408
COMMENT     REVIEWED REFSEQ: This record has been curated by NCBI staff. The
            reference sequence was derived from AK315020.1, AK023866.1 and
            BF435512.1.
            This sequence is a reference standard in the RefSeqGene project.
            
            On Sep 28, 2018 this sequence version replaced NM_002582.3.
            
            Summary: The protein encoded by this gene is a 3'-exoribonuclease,
            with similarity to the RNase D family of 3'-exonucleases. It
            prefers poly(A) as the substrate, hence, efficiently degrades
            poly(A) tails of mRNAs. Exonucleolytic degradation of the poly(A)
            tail is often the first step in the decay of eukaryotic mRNAs. This
            protein is also involved in silencing of certain maternal mRNAs
            during oocyte maturation and early embryonic development, as well
            as in nonsense-mediated decay (NMD) of mRNAs that contain premature
            stop codons. Alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding
            different isoforms have been found for this gene. [provided by
            RefSeq, Aug 2008].
            
            Transcript Variant: This variant (1) represents the longest
            transcript and encodes the longest isoform (1).
            
            Publication Note:  This RefSeq record includes a subset of the
            publications that are available for this gene. Please see the Gene
            record to access additional publications.
            
            ##Evidence-Data-START##
            Transcript exon combination :: SRR1803617.208323.1,
                                           SRR1803616.212722.1 [ECO:0000332]
            RNAseq introns              :: mixed sample support SAMEA1965299,
                                           SAMEA1966682 [ECO:0006172]
            ##Evidence-Data-END##
            
            ##RefSeq-Attributes-START##
            MANE Ensembl match     :: ENST00000437198.7/ ENSP00000387911.2
            RefSeq Select criteria :: based on conservation, expression,
                                      longest protein
            ##RefSeq-Attributes-END##
            COMPLETENESS: complete on the 3' end.
PRIMARY     REFSEQ_SPAN         PRIMARY_IDENTIFIER PRIMARY_SPAN        COMP
            1-2055              AK315020.1         8-2062
            2056-2871           AK023866.1         1352-2167
            2872-3071           BF435512.1         4-203               c
FEATURES             Location/Qualifiers
     source          1..3071
                     /organism="Homo sapiens"
                     /mol_type="mRNA"
                     /db_xref="taxon:9606"
                     /chromosome="16"
                     /map="16p13.12"
     gene            1..3071
                     /gene="PARN"
                     /gene_synonym="DAN; DKCB6; PFBMFT4"
                     /note="poly(A)-specific ribonuclease"
                     /db_xref="GeneID:5073"
                     /db_xref="HGNC:HGNC:8609"
                     /db_xref="MIM:604212"
     exon            1..154
                     /gene="PARN"
                     /gene_synonym="DAN; DKCB6; PFBMFT4"
                     /inference="alignment:Splign:2.1.0"
     CDS             136..2055
                     /gene="PARN"
                     /gene_synonym="DAN; DKCB6; PFBMFT4"
                     /EC_number="3.1.13.4"
                     /note="isoform 1 is encoded by transcript variant 1;
                     deadenylating nuclease; deadenylation nuclease;
                     polyadenylate-specific ribonuclease"
                     /codon_start=1
                     /product="poly(A)-specific ribonuclease PARN isoform 1"
                     /protein_id="NP_002573.1"
                     /db_xref="CCDS:CCDS45419.1"
                     /db_xref="GeneID:5073"
                     /db_xref="HGNC:HGNC:8609"
                     /db_xref="MIM:604212"
                     /translation="MEIIRSNFKSNLHKVYQAIEEADFFAIDGEFSGISDGPSVSALT
                     NGFDTPEERYQKLKKHSMDFLLFQFGLCTFKYDYTDSKYITKSFNFYVFPKPFNRSSP
                     DVKFVCQSSSIDFLASQGFDFNKVFRNGIPYLNQEEERQLREQYDEKRSQANGAGALS
                     YVSPNTSKCPVTIPEDQKKFIDQVVEKIEDLLQSEENKNLDLEPCTGFQRKLIYQTLS
                     WKYPKGIHVETLETEKKERYIVISKVDEEERKRREQQKHAKEQEELNDAVGFSRVIHA
                     IANSGKLVIGHNMLLDVMHTVHQFYCPLPADLSEFKEMTTCVFPRLLDTKLMASTQPF
                     KDIINNTSLAELEKRLKETPFNPPKVESAEGFPSYDTASEQLHEAGYDAYITGLCFIS
                     MANYLGSFLSPPKIHVSARSKLIEPFFNKLFLMRVMDIPYLNLEGPDLQPKRDHVLHV
                     TFPKEWKTSDLYQLFSAFGNIQISWIDDTSAFVSLSQPEQVKIAVNTSKYAESYRIQT
                     YAEYMGRKQEEKQIKRKWTEDSWKEADSKRLNPQCIPYTLQNHYYRNNSFTAPSTVGK
                     RNLSPSQEEAGLEDGVSGEISDTELEQTDSCAEPLSEGRKKAKKLKRMKKELSPAGSI
                     SKNSPATLFEVPDTW"
     exon            155..232
                     /gene="PARN"
                     /gene_synonym="DAN; DKCB6; PFBMFT4"
                     /inference="alignment:Splign:2.1.0"
     exon            233..312
                     /gene="PARN"
                     /gene_synonym="DAN; DKCB6; PFBMFT4"
                     /inference="alignment:Splign:2.1.0"
     exon            313..380
                     /gene="PARN"
                     /gene_synonym="DAN; DKCB6; PFBMFT4"
                     /inference="alignment:Splign:2.1.0"
     exon            381..462
                     /gene="PARN"
                     /gene_synonym="DAN; DKCB6; PFBMFT4"
                     /inference="alignment:Splign:2.1.0"
     exon            463..523
                     /gene="PARN"
                     /gene_synonym="DAN; DKCB6; PFBMFT4"
                     /inference="alignment:Splign:2.1.0"
     exon            524..689
                     /gene="PARN"
                     /gene_synonym="DAN; DKCB6; PFBMFT4"
                     /inference="alignment:Splign:2.1.0"
     exon            690..755
                     /gene="PARN"
                     /gene_synonym="DAN; DKCB6; PFBMFT4"
                     /inference="alignment:Splign:2.1.0"
     exon            756..794
                     /gene="PARN"
                     /gene_synonym="DAN; DKCB6; PFBMFT4"
                     /inference="alignment:Splign:2.1.0"
     exon            795..837
                     /gene="PARN"
                     /gene_synonym="DAN; DKCB6; PFBMFT4"
                     /inference="alignment:Splign:2.1.0"
     exon            838..918
                     /gene="PARN"
                     /gene_synonym="DAN; DKCB6; PFBMFT4"
                     /inference="alignment:Splign:2.1.0"
     exon            919..975
                     /gene="PARN"
                     /gene_synonym="DAN; DKCB6; PFBMFT4"
                     /inference="alignment:Splign:2.1.0"
     exon            976..1053
                     /gene="PARN"
                     /gene_synonym="DAN; DKCB6; PFBMFT4"
                     /inference="alignment:Splign:2.1.0"
     exon            1054..1097
                     /gene="PARN"
                     /gene_synonym="DAN; DKCB6; PFBMFT4"
                     /inference="alignment:Splign:2.1.0"
     exon            1098..1140
                     /gene="PARN"
                     /gene_synonym="DAN; DKCB6; PFBMFT4"
                     /inference="alignment:Splign:2.1.0"
     exon            1141..1216
                     /gene="PARN"
                     /gene_synonym="DAN; DKCB6; PFBMFT4"
                     /inference="alignment:Splign:2.1.0"
     exon            1217..1327
                     /gene="PARN"
                     /gene_synonym="DAN; DKCB6; PFBMFT4"
                     /inference="alignment:Splign:2.1.0"
     exon            1328..1397
                     /gene="PARN"
                     /gene_synonym="DAN; DKCB6; PFBMFT4"
                     /inference="alignment:Splign:2.1.0"
     exon            1398..1453
                     /gene="PARN"
                     /gene_synonym="DAN; DKCB6; PFBMFT4"
                     /inference="alignment:Splign:2.1.0"
     exon            1454..1540
                     /gene="PARN"
                     /gene_synonym="DAN; DKCB6; PFBMFT4"
                     /inference="alignment:Splign:2.1.0"
     exon            1541..1615
                     /gene="PARN"
                     /gene_synonym="DAN; DKCB6; PFBMFT4"
                     /inference="alignment:Splign:2.1.0"
     exon            1616..1805
                     /gene="PARN"
                     /gene_synonym="DAN; DKCB6; PFBMFT4"
                     /inference="alignment:Splign:2.1.0"
     exon            1806..1999
                     /gene="PARN"
                     /gene_synonym="DAN; DKCB6; PFBMFT4"
                     /inference="alignment:Splign:2.1.0"
     exon            2000..3071
                     /gene="PARN"
                     /gene_synonym="DAN; DKCB6; PFBMFT4"
                     /inference="alignment:Splign:2.1.0"
     regulatory      3051..3056
                     /regulatory_class="polyA_signal_sequence"
                     /gene="PARN"
                     /gene_synonym="DAN; DKCB6; PFBMFT4"
                     /note="hexamer: ATTAAA"
     polyA_site      3071
                     /gene="PARN"
                     /gene_synonym="DAN; DKCB6; PFBMFT4"
                     /note="major polyA site"
ORIGIN      
        1 gtttccggaa gtcgcggccg gcgtcaccgc tgcggctgcc tcagctactg ccgcagtcgc
       61 cgcggaattc ggcgagtaga accgctgagg cgggcgcggg cccgggtggg gccaaggttc
      121 cggccactct gcagaatgga gataatcagg agcaatttta agagtaatct tcacaaagtg
      181 taccaggcca tagaggaggc cgacttcttc gccatcgatg gggagttttc aggaatcagt
      241 gatggacctt cagtctctgc attaacaaat ggttttgaca ctccagaaga gaggtatcag
      301 aagcttaaaa agcattccat ggactttttg ctatttcagt ttggcctttg cacttttaag
      361 tatgactaca cagattcaaa gtatataacg aagtcattta acttctatgt tttcccgaaa
      421 cccttcaata gatcctcacc agatgtcaaa tttgtttgtc agagctccag cattgacttt
      481 ctagcaagcc agggatttga ttttaataaa gtttttcgaa atggaattcc atatttaaat
      541 caggaagaag aaagacagtt aagagagcag tatgatgaaa aacgttcaca ggcgaatggt
      601 gcaggagctc tgtcctatgt atctcctaac acttcaaaat gtcctgtcac gattcctgag
      661 gatcaaaaga agtttattga ccaagtggta gagaaaatag aggatttatt acaaagtgaa
      721 gaaaacaaga acttggattt agagccatgt accgggttcc aaagaaaact aatttatcag
      781 actttgagct ggaagtatcc gaaaggcatt catgttgaga ctttagaaac tgaaaagaag
      841 gagcgatata tagttatcag caaagtagat gaagaagaac gcaaaagaag agagcagcag
      901 aaacatgcca aagaacagga ggagctgaat gatgctgtgg gattttctag agtcattcac
      961 gccattgcta attcgggaaa acttgttatt ggacacaata tgctcttgga cgtcatgcac
     1021 acagttcatc agttctactg ccctctgcct gcggacttaa gtgagtttaa agagatgaca
     1081 acatgtgttt tccccagact cttggatact aaattgatgg ccagcacaca accttttaag
     1141 gatatcatta acaacacatc ccttgcggaa ttggaaaagc ggttaaaaga gacacctttc
     1201 aaccctccta aagttgaaag tgccgaaggt tttccaagtt atgacacagc ctctgaacaa
     1261 ctccacgagg caggctacga tgcctacatc acagggctgt gcttcatctc catggccaat
     1321 tacctaggtt cttttctcag ccctccaaaa attcatgtgt ctgccagatc aaaactcatt
     1381 gaaccttttt ttaacaagtt atttcttatg agggtcatgg atatccccta tctaaacttg
     1441 gaaggaccag acttgcagcc taaacgtgat catgttctcc atgtgacatt ccccaaagaa
     1501 tggaaaacca gcgaccttta ccagcttttc agtgcctttg gtaacattca gatatcctgg
     1561 attgatgaca catcagcatt tgtttccctt agccagcccg agcaagtaaa gattgctgtc
     1621 aataccagca aatatgcaga aagctatcgg atccaaacct atgctgaata tatggggaga
     1681 aaacaggaag agaagcagat caaaagaaag tggactgaag atagctggaa ggaggctgac
     1741 agcaaacggt taaaccccca gtgcataccc tacaccctgc agaatcacta ttaccgcaac
     1801 aatagtttta cagctcccag cacagtagga aagagaaatt tgagtcctag tcaagaggaa
     1861 gctggcctgg aggacggagt gtcaggggag atttccgaca ctgagcttga gcagaccgat
     1921 tcctgtgcag agcccctctc agagggaagg aaaaaggcca agaaattaaa aagaatgaag
     1981 aaggagcttt ctccagcagg aagcatctcg aagaacagcc ctgccacact ctttgaagtt
     2041 cctgacacat ggtaaccaag acctgagggc agcaaaccgc tggtgctgtc gctgtgagca
     2101 agagccggct ggcacatttg gaagccgcac tgtatttaac ttaatcaaat gtggtatggg
     2161 aggggttgga aaccaagttg tctcctgggg gggagaaaac aggttttatt tttgtggctg
     2221 tggttttttc ccctttttaa tctaactgcc tgttgacatt gacactcatc acggttgtag
     2281 gctgtcatga atgtgtacgt gcttaaccag tgaattccgt gttgctcttg tgaggccttt
     2341 cctgtcatga cccagtgtgc ttaagaacct gcctgatggg gagtgtcggc tgtgaaatct
     2401 gcaaaaagag ctgacattcc agctgctgtg atcatgaatt tgggggtgta ctgtcctgcc
     2461 tgtgcatctt ctcgcactga gattttgagg cagttgcagc cctcggttag tctcccagtg
     2521 gaaaaatcgg ttgtgcctcc ctgcttccca ccatagctgc ctgaaaacat gacgctctca
     2581 agcttgtcct tccttcagga agatgtccac tcatgcccac ccatgagagg gcttgccgta
     2641 tgccctggcc tttgggcata tttatgtaga gttcctttct cctaagacgt gagtttctca
     2701 tgggggatgt acgagtaaaa aggttaactt ctgttcttat gcgtggcgct gtgttcactt
     2761 tccagagtct ctgttcgttt gtttggatgg cggtctcggg gtacggcagc gtgtgtgcgt
     2821 acgtgtctgt gtgtgtgtgt gtgtgtgtgt gtgtgtgtgt gtgtgtgtgt gtgtgaaatc
     2881 gtgcaaatct acaacatgtc ccagcccatt ctccgttgaa acagatcaca gcaacgacaa
     2941 acgctcatgg cgctgctttg ctccacccgc ttcagataga tcattgttag atatttcaca
     3001 tttttgtatg gtggaaataa aaatgaaaaa tgtatttcca aaagatgaaa attaaaaaca
     3061 ttttcatagg a
//
