LOCUS       NM_001363662            4452 bp    mRNA    linear   PRI 13-FEB-2025
DEFINITION  Homo sapiens poly(A) polymerase alpha (PAPOLA), transcript variant
            7, mRNA.
ACCESSION   NM_001363662 XM_005267281
VERSION     NM_001363662.3
KEYWORDS    RefSeq.
SOURCE      Homo sapiens (human)
  ORGANISM  Homo sapiens
            Eukaryota; Metazoa; Chordata; Craniata; Vertebrata; Euteleostomi;
            Mammalia; Eutheria; Euarchontoglires; Primates; Haplorrhini;
            Catarrhini; Hominidae; Homo.
REFERENCE   1  (bases 1 to 4452)
  AUTHORS   Komini,C., Theohari,I., Lambrianidou,A., Nakopoulou,L. and
            Trangas,T.
  TITLE     PAPOLA contributes to cyclin D1 mRNA alternative polyadenylation
            and promotes breast cancer cell proliferation
  JOURNAL   J Cell Sci 134 (7) (2021)
   PUBMED   33712453
  REMARK    GeneRIF: PAPOLA contributes to cyclin D1 mRNA alternative
            polyadenylation and promotes breast cancer cell proliferation.
REFERENCE   2  (bases 1 to 4452)
  AUTHORS   Kuhn,U., Buschmann,J. and Wahle,E.
  TITLE     The nuclear poly(A) binding protein of mammals, but not of fission
            yeast, participates in mRNA polyadenylation
  JOURNAL   RNA 23 (4), 473-482 (2017)
   PUBMED   28096519
  REMARK    GeneRIF: Whereas PABPN1 strongly increases the activity of its
            cognate poly(A) polymerase in vitro, Pab2 was unable to stimulate
            Pla1 to any significant extent.
REFERENCE   3  (bases 1 to 4452)
  AUTHORS   Kandala,D.T., Mohan,N., A,V., A,P. S, G,R. and Laishram,R.S.
  TITLE     CstF-64 and 3'-UTR cis-element determine Star-PAP specificity for
            target mRNA selection by excluding PAPalpha
  JOURNAL   Nucleic Acids Res 44 (2), 811-823 (2016)
   PUBMED   26496945
  REMARK    GeneRIF: Lack of CstF-64 binding excludes PAPalpha from Star-PAP
            target pre-mRNA UTRs.CstF-64 and 3'-UTR cis-element determine
            Star-PAP specificity for target mRNA selection by excluding poly A
            polymerase.
            Erratum:[Nucleic Acids Res. 2019 Feb 20;47(3):1598. doi:
            10.1093/nar/gky1248.. PMID: 30566625]
REFERENCE   4  (bases 1 to 4452)
  AUTHORS   Muniz,L., Davidson,L. and West,S.
  TITLE     Poly(A) Polymerase and the Nuclear Poly(A) Binding Protein, PABPN1,
            Coordinate the Splicing and Degradation of a Subset of Human
            Pre-mRNAs
  JOURNAL   Mol Cell Biol 35 (13), 2218-2230 (2015)
   PUBMED   25896913
  REMARK    GeneRIF: The ability of PABPN1 to promote splicing requires its RNA
            binding and, to a lesser extent, poly(A)polymerase (PAP) -
            stimulatory functions.
REFERENCE   5  (bases 1 to 4452)
  AUTHORS   Rapti,A., Trangas,T., Samiotaki,M., Ioannidis,P., Dimitriadis,E.,
            Meristoudis,C., Veletza,S. and Courtis,N.
  TITLE     The structure of the 5'-untranslated region of mammalian poly(A)
            polymerase-alpha mRNA suggests a mechanism of translational
            regulation
  JOURNAL   Mol Cell Biochem 340 (1-2), 91-96 (2010)
   PUBMED   20174964
  REMARK    GeneRIF: Observations imply that translational regulation is among
            the conserved mechanisms regulating PAPOLA expression.
REFERENCE   6  (bases 1 to 4452)
  AUTHORS   Kiefer,H., Mizutani,A., Iemura,S., Natsume,T., Ando,H., Kuroda,Y.
            and Mikoshiba,K.
  TITLE     Inositol 1,4,5-triphosphate receptor-binding protein released with
            inositol 1,4,5-triphosphate (IRBIT) associates with components of
            the mRNA 3' processing machinery in a phosphorylation-dependent
            manner and inhibits polyadenylation
  JOURNAL   J Biol Chem 284 (16), 10694-10705 (2009)
   PUBMED   19224921
REFERENCE   7  (bases 1 to 4452)
  AUTHORS   Pendurthi,U.R., Alok,D. and Rao,L.V.
  TITLE     Binding of factor VIIa to tissue factor induces alterations in gene
            expression in human fibroblast cells: up-regulation of poly(A)
            polymerase
  JOURNAL   Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 94 (23), 12598-12603 (1997)
   PUBMED   9356495
REFERENCE   8  (bases 1 to 4452)
  AUTHORS   Murthy,K.G. and Manley,J.L.
  TITLE     The 160-kD subunit of human cleavage-polyadenylation specificity
            factor coordinates pre-mRNA 3'-end formation
  JOURNAL   Genes Dev 9 (21), 2672-2683 (1995)
   PUBMED   7590244
REFERENCE   9  (bases 1 to 4452)
  AUTHORS   Thuresson,A.C., Astrom,J., Astrom,A., Gronvik,K.O. and Virtanen,A.
  TITLE     Multiple forms of poly(A) polymerases in human cells
  JOURNAL   Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 91 (3), 979-983 (1994)
   PUBMED   8302877
REFERENCE   10 (bases 1 to 4452)
  AUTHORS   Weichs an der Glon,C., Ashe,M., Eggermont,J. and Proudfoot,N.J.
  TITLE     Tat-dependent occlusion of the HIV poly(A) site
  JOURNAL   EMBO J 12 (5), 2119-2128 (1993)
   PUBMED   8491200
COMMENT     REVIEWED REFSEQ: This record has been curated by NCBI staff. The
            reference sequence was derived from AL163051.5.
            
            On Aug 14, 2020 this sequence version replaced NM_001363662.2.
            
            Summary: The protein encoded by this gene belongs to the poly(A)
            polymerase family. It is required for the addition of adenosine
            residues for the creation of the 3'-poly(A) tail of mRNAs.
            Alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding different
            isoforms have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Oct
            2011].
            
            Sequence Note: The RefSeq transcript and protein were derived from
            genomic sequence to make the sequence consistent with the reference
            genome assembly. The genomic coordinates used for the transcript
            record were based on alignments.
            
            Publication Note:  This RefSeq record includes a subset of the
            publications that are available for this gene. Please see the Gene
            record to access additional publications.
            
            ##Evidence-Data-START##
            Transcript exon combination :: SRR11853560.9254.1,
                                           SRR11853558.7544.1 [ECO:0000332]
            RNAseq introns              :: single sample supports all introns
                                           SAMEA1965299, SAMEA1966682
                                           [ECO:0000348]
            ##Evidence-Data-END##
PRIMARY     REFSEQ_SPAN         PRIMARY_IDENTIFIER PRIMARY_SPAN        COMP
            1-219               AL163051.5         77684-77902
            220-393             AL163051.5         95357-95530
            394-460             AL163051.5         96308-96374
            461-542             AL163051.5         100612-100693
            543-652             AL163051.5         102732-102841
            653-706             AL163051.5         103255-103308
            707-818             AL163051.5         106777-106888
            819-908             AL163051.5         107633-107722
            909-1047            AL163051.5         107813-107951
            1048-1120           AL163051.5         109793-109865
            1121-1241           AL163051.5         111181-111301
            1242-1326           AL163051.5         112278-112362
            1327-1380           AL163051.5         117545-117598
            1381-1500           AL163051.5         118076-118195
            1501-1610           AL163051.5         119451-119560
            1611-1732           AL163051.5         123099-123220
            1733-1875           AL163051.5         127782-127924
            1876-1976           AL163051.5         131149-131249
            1977-2215           AL163051.5         131477-131715
            2216-2290           AL163051.5         138121-138195
            2291-4452           AL163051.5         140257-142418
FEATURES             Location/Qualifiers
     source          1..4452
                     /organism="Homo sapiens"
                     /mol_type="mRNA"
                     /db_xref="taxon:9606"
                     /chromosome="14"
                     /map="14q32.2"
     gene            1..4452
                     /gene="PAPOLA"
                     /gene_synonym="PAP; PAP-alpha"
                     /note="poly(A) polymerase alpha"
                     /db_xref="GeneID:10914"
                     /db_xref="HGNC:HGNC:14981"
                     /db_xref="MIM:605553"
     exon            1..219
                     /gene="PAPOLA"
                     /gene_synonym="PAP; PAP-alpha"
                     /inference="alignment:Splign:2.1.0"
     CDS             212..2386
                     /gene="PAPOLA"
                     /gene_synonym="PAP; PAP-alpha"
                     /EC_number="2.7.7.19"
                     /note="isoform 6 is encoded by transcript variant 7;
                     polynucleotide adenylyltransferase alpha"
                     /codon_start=1
                     /product="poly(A) polymerase alpha isoform 6"
                     /protein_id="NP_001350591.1"
                     /db_xref="CCDS:CCDS86431.1"
                     /db_xref="GeneID:10914"
                     /db_xref="HGNC:HGNC:14981"
                     /db_xref="MIM:605553"
                     /translation="MPFPVTTQGSQQTQPPQKHYGITSPISLAAPKETDCVLTQKLIE
                     TLKPFGVFEEEEELQRRILILGKLNNLVKEWIREISESKNLPQSVIENVGGKIFTFGS
                     YRLGVHTKGADIDALCVAPRHVDRSDFFTSFYDKLKLQEEVKDLRAVEEAFVPVIKLC
                     FDGIEIDILFARLALQTIPEDLDLRDDSLLKNLDIRCIRSLNGCRVTDEILHLVPNID
                     NFRLTLRAIKLWAKRHNIYSNILGFLGGVSWAMLVARTCQLYPNAIASTLVHKFFLVF
                     SKWEWPNPVLLKQPEECNLNLPVWDPRVNPSDRYHLMPIITPAYPQQNSTYNVSVSTR
                     MVMVEEFKQGLAITDEILLSKAEWSKLFEAPNFFQKYKHYIVLLASAPTEKQRLEWVG
                     LVESKIRILVGSLEKNEFITLAHVNPQSFPAPKENPDKEEFRTMWVIGLVFKKTENSE
                     NLSVDLTYDIQSFTDTVYRQAINSKMFEVDMKIAAMHVKRKQLHQLLPNHVLQKKKKH
                     STEGVKLTALNDSSLDLSMDSDNSMSVPSPTSATKTSPLNSSGSSQGRNSPAPAVTAA
                     SVTNIQATEVSVPQVNSSESSGGTSSESIPQTATQPAISPPPKPTVSRVVSSTRLVNP
                     PPRSSGNAATSGNAATKIPTPIVGVKRTSSPHKEESPKKTKTEEEQLDTETSTTQSET
                     IQTAASLLASQKTSSTDLSDIPALPANPIPVIKNSIKLRLNR"
     exon            220..393
                     /gene="PAPOLA"
                     /gene_synonym="PAP; PAP-alpha"
                     /inference="alignment:Splign:2.1.0"
     exon            394..460
                     /gene="PAPOLA"
                     /gene_synonym="PAP; PAP-alpha"
                     /inference="alignment:Splign:2.1.0"
     exon            461..542
                     /gene="PAPOLA"
                     /gene_synonym="PAP; PAP-alpha"
                     /inference="alignment:Splign:2.1.0"
     exon            543..652
                     /gene="PAPOLA"
                     /gene_synonym="PAP; PAP-alpha"
                     /inference="alignment:Splign:2.1.0"
     exon            653..706
                     /gene="PAPOLA"
                     /gene_synonym="PAP; PAP-alpha"
                     /inference="alignment:Splign:2.1.0"
     exon            707..818
                     /gene="PAPOLA"
                     /gene_synonym="PAP; PAP-alpha"
                     /inference="alignment:Splign:2.1.0"
     exon            819..908
                     /gene="PAPOLA"
                     /gene_synonym="PAP; PAP-alpha"
                     /inference="alignment:Splign:2.1.0"
     exon            909..1047
                     /gene="PAPOLA"
                     /gene_synonym="PAP; PAP-alpha"
                     /inference="alignment:Splign:2.1.0"
     exon            1048..1120
                     /gene="PAPOLA"
                     /gene_synonym="PAP; PAP-alpha"
                     /inference="alignment:Splign:2.1.0"
     exon            1121..1241
                     /gene="PAPOLA"
                     /gene_synonym="PAP; PAP-alpha"
                     /inference="alignment:Splign:2.1.0"
     exon            1242..1326
                     /gene="PAPOLA"
                     /gene_synonym="PAP; PAP-alpha"
                     /inference="alignment:Splign:2.1.0"
     exon            1327..1380
                     /gene="PAPOLA"
                     /gene_synonym="PAP; PAP-alpha"
                     /inference="alignment:Splign:2.1.0"
     exon            1381..1500
                     /gene="PAPOLA"
                     /gene_synonym="PAP; PAP-alpha"
                     /inference="alignment:Splign:2.1.0"
     exon            1501..1610
                     /gene="PAPOLA"
                     /gene_synonym="PAP; PAP-alpha"
                     /inference="alignment:Splign:2.1.0"
     exon            1611..1732
                     /gene="PAPOLA"
                     /gene_synonym="PAP; PAP-alpha"
                     /inference="alignment:Splign:2.1.0"
     exon            1733..1875
                     /gene="PAPOLA"
                     /gene_synonym="PAP; PAP-alpha"
                     /inference="alignment:Splign:2.1.0"
     exon            1876..1976
                     /gene="PAPOLA"
                     /gene_synonym="PAP; PAP-alpha"
                     /inference="alignment:Splign:2.1.0"
     exon            1977..2215
                     /gene="PAPOLA"
                     /gene_synonym="PAP; PAP-alpha"
                     /inference="alignment:Splign:2.1.0"
     exon            2216..2290
                     /gene="PAPOLA"
                     /gene_synonym="PAP; PAP-alpha"
                     /inference="alignment:Splign:2.1.0"
     exon            2291..4452
                     /gene="PAPOLA"
                     /gene_synonym="PAP; PAP-alpha"
                     /inference="alignment:Splign:2.1.0"
     regulatory      2362..2367
                     /regulatory_class="polyA_signal_sequence"
                     /gene="PAPOLA"
                     /gene_synonym="PAP; PAP-alpha"
                     /note="hexamer: AATAAA"
     polyA_site      2392
                     /gene="PAPOLA"
                     /gene_synonym="PAP; PAP-alpha"
                     /note="major polyA site"
     regulatory      2404..2409
                     /regulatory_class="polyA_signal_sequence"
                     /gene="PAPOLA"
                     /gene_synonym="PAP; PAP-alpha"
                     /note="hexamer: CATAAA"
     polyA_site      2427
                     /gene="PAPOLA"
                     /gene_synonym="PAP; PAP-alpha"
     regulatory      2715..2720
                     /regulatory_class="polyA_signal_sequence"
                     /gene="PAPOLA"
                     /gene_synonym="PAP; PAP-alpha"
                     /note="hexamer: AATACA"
     polyA_site      2737
                     /gene="PAPOLA"
                     /gene_synonym="PAP; PAP-alpha"
     regulatory      3985..3990
                     /regulatory_class="polyA_signal_sequence"
                     /gene="PAPOLA"
                     /gene_synonym="PAP; PAP-alpha"
                     /note="hexamer: AGTAAA"
     polyA_site      4010
                     /gene="PAPOLA"
                     /gene_synonym="PAP; PAP-alpha"
     regulatory      4270..4275
                     /regulatory_class="polyA_signal_sequence"
                     /gene="PAPOLA"
                     /gene_synonym="PAP; PAP-alpha"
                     /note="hexamer: ATTATA"
     polyA_site      4291
                     /gene="PAPOLA"
                     /gene_synonym="PAP; PAP-alpha"
ORIGIN      
        1 agaacgttgc tgtggtagcg ctcgggcgcc atgttaggac gaaggggaag gaggagaagc
       61 gcttaaagcg gcgggagcgg tgcgggagag gggttggacc cagggctgag gcaggccccc
      121 ccctccctcc cgcctcagtg gatcatgccc agggcggcag cggcggcggt tgcggggggg
      181 aagtgactgg gcggtgccgg cgccggagac gatgccgttt ccagttacaa cacagggatc
      241 acaacaaaca caaccgccac agaagcacta tggcattact tctcctatca gcttagcagc
      301 ccccaaggag actgactgcg tacttacaca gaaactaatt gagacattga aaccctttgg
      361 ggtttttgaa gaggaagagg aactgcagcg caggatttta attttgggaa aactaaataa
      421 cctggtaaaa gagtggatac gagaaatcag tgaaagcaag aatcttccac aatctgtaat
      481 tgaaaatgtt ggaggaaaaa tttttacatt tggatcttac agattaggag tgcatacaaa
      541 aggtgctgat attgatgcgt tgtgtgttgc accaagacat gttgatcgaa gtgacttttt
      601 cacctcattc tatgataagt tgaaattaca ggaagaagta aaagatttaa gagctgttga
      661 agaggcattc gtaccagtta ttaaactctg ttttgatggg atagagattg atattttgtt
      721 tgcaagatta gcactgcaga caattcctga agatttggat ctacgagatg acagtctgct
      781 aaaaaattta gatataagat gtataagaag tcttaacggt tgcagggtaa ccgatgaaat
      841 tttacatcta gtaccaaaca ttgacaactt caggttaact ctgagagcta tcaaactatg
      901 ggccaaacgc cacaacatct attccaatat attaggtttc ctcggtggtg tttcctgggc
      961 tatgctagta gcaagaactt gccagcttta tccaaatgca atagcatcaa ctcttgtaca
     1021 taaatttttc ttggtatttt ctaaatggga atggccaaat ccagtgctat tgaaacagcc
     1081 tgaagaatgc aatcttaatt tgcctgtatg ggacccaagg gtaaacccca gtgataggta
     1141 ccatcttatg cctataatta caccagcata cccacaacag aactccacgt acaatgtgtc
     1201 cgtttcaaca cggatggtca tggttgagga gtttaaacaa ggtcttgcta tcacagatga
     1261 aattttgctg agtaaggcag agtggtccaa actttttgaa gctccaaact tctttcaaaa
     1321 gtacaagcat tatattgtac ttctagcaag tgcaccaaca gaaaaacaac gcctggaatg
     1381 ggtgggcttg gtggaatcaa aaatccgaat cctggttgga agcttggaga agaatgaatt
     1441 tattacactg gctcatgtga atccccagtc atttccagca cccaaagaaa atcccgacaa
     1501 ggaagaattt cgcacgatgt gggtgattgg gttagtgttt aaaaaaacag aaaactctga
     1561 aaacctcagt gttgatctca cctatgatat tcagtctttc acagatacag tttataggca
     1621 agcaataaac agcaagatgt ttgaggtgga tatgaaaatt gctgcaatgc atgtaaaaag
     1681 aaagcaactc catcaactac tacctaatca tgtgcttcag aaaaagaaaa agcattcaac
     1741 agaaggtgtc aaattgacag ctctcaatga cagcagcctc gacttgtcta tggacagtga
     1801 taacagcatg tctgtgcctt cacctactag tgctacgaag accagtccat tgaacagttc
     1861 tggcagctct cagggcagaa acagtcctgc tccagctgta acagcagcat ctgtgaccaa
     1921 catacaggct actgaagttt ctgtgccaca agtaaattcc agtgaaagct cagggggtac
     1981 atcgagtgaa agcattcctc aaactgccac acaaccagcc atttctccac caccaaagcc
     2041 tacggtctcc agagttgttt cttcaacacg tctggtaaac ccaccaccta gatcttcagg
     2101 aaatgcagca acttcaggaa atgcagcaac aaaaatacct actcctatag taggagtcaa
     2161 gaggacatcc tcacctcata aagaagagag tcccaagaaa accaaaacag aagaggaaca
     2221 acttgataca gagacaagta caactcaatc agaaactatt cagacagcgg cttctctgtt
     2281 ggcctctcag aaaacatcca gtacagacct ttctgatatc cctgctctcc ctgcaaatcc
     2341 tattcctgtt atcaagaatt caataaaact gagattgaat cggtaaaaac aacctcaggg
     2401 gtccataaac aatatctgcc aactcaacct gttgtcttca aatgctaaaa aaggagaatg
     2461 gagggtacaa gactagacat gactgaaatg gatttgggtt ttttggtgac ctcccttact
     2521 gggctaatca gcacttgatc ggaagtccag gttagtatgt gaagccagga gtactattat
     2581 tattgtgtta gcaacagttg cattaactat ttcaaaaatt actgccttta aaaaaaacaa
     2641 cctcaagcta tatttgtatt cataattgac atctggattg ggtttatgtt tgatgcattg
     2701 tttggaaaat ttgcaataca aactggcata agaattactt attctgatga tgcactttta
     2761 tgtatttttc attagaaagt agaactaatt ttagattttc agcttgatgg attttcagtt
     2821 tttcctgaag aattttcttt accattagtc ttcaaattgg atactgttgt gcagtggtgt
     2881 actgttatac ttcagagaaa gggtaagagt acatctagtt cagttcctat gaggtagctg
     2941 taacccttaa aaatgaaacg tcaactctag ggtacatttg acattgaaag aatagttagg
     3001 aaataacttg gttttgatag ggtcatgatt aagaaatgat atattggttt tatttatgga
     3061 attgttttat agtgcataca aatcagcgat cagccagcaa atatttttct ttgagcttgt
     3121 gaaagctctg tgttcttttg ccttcaatct gttgtcttca aaacaaacaa acaaaaaaag
     3181 cttcttgcgc ctttccctcc cctgttttct tcctttttct ttttgcttgt atgcacaagg
     3241 taggacttac ttcgtaagaa acaaaatgcc agtattttct taagccatga tgtgaaacca
     3301 atgaccctgt gaccacatgg cacagaacac taaattttgg tcccatggct gaaacttgag
     3361 ggtgactaaa agtaatgcct gtgaaacatg atatctatct gggatggcca tttgatctct
     3421 aaaaggaatt ttgtacactc cacagaactc ctatctatag taaaattgat tttcagtttt
     3481 aaatgtgggc aaaaaggcat tttctccaag attttaaaac taattcttat ttttaaatgg
     3541 tttaccaaaa tttgtcagta cattttacgt gtagaagcat tttaaaaatc atttctagca
     3601 agcacttgac atctagtcag ctctctactc ctttattttg ttttatcaaa agattaagag
     3661 ctcctttctt tgaataaaat aatttctcat aattaagcag tagaagatct atcttcacaa
     3721 agtatgaggg atgccagatg ttgataaact tactctttct gaatctggac aaagtcgact
     3781 taacagattt ttctgatgag catgttttat gaatcctcca ttgtgctcca ttctatcaca
     3841 tgtgcatttt tcatgttaaa ctgcaattac ttaatctctt cccctatcct tctaaattaa
     3901 ttttctgaag ttggagtgta gtcttttccc ccttaggcta tgcattaatc gaagctttct
     3961 tttcaccatg actttataat gtctagtaaa caatatttct acttcccaca tctttgcttt
     4021 acacagtcac cttgcccttc cttccaccac cgaagaaaaa agatggtcat actaacaggt
     4081 gaaatgtaca aggtgtctgt gtgttttgtg tagcttcaga gttagattga aattaccagg
     4141 cacagattta gtcttgtcat tttgtttaca cattggggaa aacaattcag tttattaaac
     4201 gtttcatgta actgcaccca agttttgcca agctggaaac ttggaccttt tctgtgtagt
     4261 gactttttaa ttatagtttt cataacctgg agatcagact gttgctttcg catgatgtat
     4321 gtagtgtctc atgactggag tttgctttgt tttatagtat ctgtactcct tgtatttttc
     4381 aagagctatt ttgtaaacag atgatgtatt tctccattga aaacacaata aaaaaaaaac
     4441 agcacaatct ca
//
