LOCUS       NM_007365               4361 bp    mRNA    linear   PRI 09-JUL-2024
DEFINITION  Homo sapiens peptidyl arginine deiminase 2 (PADI2), mRNA.
ACCESSION   NM_007365
VERSION     NM_007365.3
KEYWORDS    RefSeq; MANE Select.
SOURCE      Homo sapiens (human)
  ORGANISM  Homo sapiens
            Eukaryota; Metazoa; Chordata; Craniata; Vertebrata; Euteleostomi;
            Mammalia; Eutheria; Euarchontoglires; Primates; Haplorrhini;
            Catarrhini; Hominidae; Homo.
REFERENCE   1  (bases 1 to 4361)
  AUTHORS   Ikhar,A.S., Kolte,R.A., Kolte,A.P., Rathi,P.R., Ghoderao,D.G. and
            Dahake,R.N.
  TITLE     Comparative evaluation of semaphorin-4D, peptidylarginine
            deiminase-2, and matrix metalloproteinase-8 levels of gingival
            crevicular fluid in periodontally healthy and Stage III
            periodontitis smoker and non-smoker patients before and after
            non-surgical periodontal therapy
  JOURNAL   J Periodontol 95 (6), 563-570 (2024)
   PUBMED   37846733
  REMARK    GeneRIF: Comparative evaluation of semaphorin-4D, peptidylarginine
            deiminase-2, and matrix metalloproteinase-8 levels of gingival
            crevicular fluid in periodontally healthy and Stage III
            periodontitis smoker and non-smoker patients before and after
            non-surgical periodontal therapy.
REFERENCE   2  (bases 1 to 4361)
  AUTHORS   Wang,L., Cai,X., Peng,S., Tang,D. and Zhang,P.
  TITLE     Analysis of the diagnostic and prognostic value of serum PAD2 in
            patients with sepsis in the intensive care unit
  JOURNAL   Clin Chim Acta 555, 117805 (2024)
   PUBMED   38281661
  REMARK    GeneRIF: Analysis of the diagnostic and prognostic value of serum
            PAD2 in patients with sepsis in the intensive care unit.
REFERENCE   3  (bases 1 to 4361)
  AUTHORS   Yusuf,I.O., Parsi,S., Ostrow,L.W., Brown,R.H., Thompson,P.R. and
            Xu,Z.
  TITLE     PAD2 dysregulation and aberrant protein citrullination feature
            prominently in reactive astrogliosis and myelin protein aggregation
            in sporadic ALS
  JOURNAL   Neurobiol Dis 192, 106414 (2024)
   PUBMED   38253209
  REMARK    GeneRIF: PAD2 dysregulation and aberrant protein citrullination
            feature prominently in reactive astrogliosis and myelin protein
            aggregation in sporadic ALS.
REFERENCE   4  (bases 1 to 4361)
  AUTHORS   Nava-Quiroz,K.J., Rojas-Serrano,J., Perez-Rubio,G.,
            Buendia-Roldan,I., Mejia,M., Fernandez-Lopez,J.C.,
            Rodriguez-Henriquez,P., Ayala-Alcantar,N., Ramos-Martinez,E.,
            Lopez-Flores,L.A., Del Angel-Pablo,A.D. and Falfan-Valencia,R.
  TITLE     Molecular Factors in PAD2 (PADI2) and PAD4 (PADI4) Are Associated
            with Interstitial Lung Disease Susceptibility in Rheumatoid
            Arthritis Patients
  JOURNAL   Cells 12 (18), 2235 (2023)
   PUBMED   37759458
  REMARK    GeneRIF: Molecular Factors in PAD2 (PADI2) and PAD4 (PADI4) Are
            Associated with Interstitial Lung Disease Susceptibility in
            Rheumatoid Arthritis Patients.
            Publication Status: Online-Only
REFERENCE   5  (bases 1 to 4361)
  AUTHORS   Massarenti,L., Enevold,C., Damgaard,D., Hansen,P.R., Frisch,M.,
            Odum,N., Jacobsen,S. and Nielsen,C.H.
  TITLE     Peptidylarginine Deiminase 2 Gene Polymorphisms in Subjects with
            Periodontitis Predispose to Rheumatoid Arthritis
  JOURNAL   Int J Mol Sci 23 (17), 9536 (2022)
   PUBMED   36076933
  REMARK    GeneRIF: Peptidylarginine Deiminase 2 Gene Polymorphisms in
            Subjects with Periodontitis Predispose to Rheumatoid Arthritis.
            Publication Status: Online-Only
REFERENCE   6  (bases 1 to 4361)
  AUTHORS   Nakayama-Hamada,M., Suzuki,A., Kubota,K., Takazawa,T., Ohsaka,M.,
            Kawaida,R., Ono,M., Kasuya,A., Furukawa,H., Yamada,R. and
            Yamamoto,K.
  TITLE     Comparison of enzymatic properties between hPADI2 and hPADI4
  JOURNAL   Biochem Biophys Res Commun 327 (1), 192-200 (2005)
   PUBMED   15629448
  REMARK    GeneRIF: hPADI2 and hPADI4 have different roles under physiological
            and pathological conditions
REFERENCE   7  (bases 1 to 4361)
  AUTHORS   Sambandam,T., Belousova,M., Accaviti-Loper,M.A., Blanquicett,C.,
            Guercello,V., Raijmakers,R. and Nicholas,A.P.
  TITLE     Increased peptidylarginine deiminase type II in hypoxic astrocytes
  JOURNAL   Biochem Biophys Res Commun 325 (4), 1324-1329 (2004)
   PUBMED   15555572
  REMARK    GeneRIF: first report to demonstrate a measurable response in the
            amounts of peptidylarginine deiminase type II mRNA, protein and
            activity in human astrocytes by prolonged hypoxic exposure
REFERENCE   8  (bases 1 to 4361)
  AUTHORS   Chavanas,S., Mechin,M.C., Takahara,H., Kawada,A., Nachat,R.,
            Serre,G. and Simon,M.
  TITLE     Comparative analysis of the mouse and human peptidylarginine
            deiminase gene clusters reveals highly conserved non-coding
            segments and a new human gene, PADI6
  JOURNAL   Gene 330, 19-27 (2004)
   PUBMED   15087120
REFERENCE   9  (bases 1 to 4361)
  AUTHORS   Vossenaar,E.R., Zendman,A.J., van Venrooij,W.J. and Pruijn,G.J.
  TITLE     PAD, a growing family of citrullinating enzymes: genes, features
            and involvement in disease
  JOURNAL   Bioessays 25 (11), 1106-1118 (2003)
   PUBMED   14579251
  REMARK    Review article
REFERENCE   10 (bases 1 to 4361)
  AUTHORS   Ishigami,A., Ohsawa,T., Asaga,H., Akiyama,K., Kuramoto,M. and
            Maruyama,N.
  TITLE     Human peptidylarginine deiminase type II: molecular cloning, gene
            organization, and expression in human skin
  JOURNAL   Arch Biochem Biophys 407 (1), 25-31 (2002)
   PUBMED   12392711
  REMARK    GeneRIF: molecular cloning and gene organization; expressed by all
            the living epidermal layers, suggesting that PAD type II is
            functionally important during terminal differentiation of epidermal
            keratinocytes
COMMENT     REVIEWED REFSEQ: This record has been curated by NCBI staff. The
            reference sequence was derived from AL049569.13, AB030176.1 and
            AB023211.1.
            This sequence is a reference standard in the RefSeqGene project.
            
            On Nov 22, 2018 this sequence version replaced NM_007365.2.
            
            Summary: This gene encodes a member of the peptidyl arginine
            deiminase family of enzymes, which catalyze the post-translational
            deimination of proteins by converting arginine residues into
            citrullines in the presence of calcium ions. The family members
            have distinct substrate specificities and tissue-specific
            expression patterns. The type II enzyme is the most widely
            expressed family member. Known substrates for this enzyme include
            myelin basic protein in the central nervous system and vimentin in
            skeletal muscle and macrophages. This enzyme is thought to play a
            role in the onset and progression of neurodegenerative human
            disorders, including Alzheimer disease and multiple sclerosis, and
            it has also been implicated in glaucoma pathogenesis. This gene
            exists in a cluster with four other paralogous genes. [provided by
            RefSeq, Jul 2008].
            
            Publication Note:  This RefSeq record includes a subset of the
            publications that are available for this gene. Please see the Gene
            record to access additional publications.
            
            ##Evidence-Data-START##
            Transcript exon combination :: AB023211.1, SRR14038193.48051.1
                                           [ECO:0000332]
            RNAseq introns              :: mixed sample support SAMEA1965299,
                                           SAMEA1966682 [ECO:0006172]
            ##Evidence-Data-END##
            
            ##RefSeq-Attributes-START##
            MANE Ensembl match     :: ENST00000375486.9/ ENSP00000364635.4
            RefSeq Select criteria :: based on conservation, expression,
                                      longest protein
            ##RefSeq-Attributes-END##
            COMPLETENESS: full length.
PRIMARY     REFSEQ_SPAN         PRIMARY_IDENTIFIER PRIMARY_SPAN        COMP
            1-16                AL049569.13        38036-38051
            17-1453             AB030176.1         1-1437
            1454-1454           AL049569.13        81727-81727
            1455-3570           AB023211.1         1439-3554
            3571-4361           AL049569.13        89936-90726
FEATURES             Location/Qualifiers
     source          1..4361
                     /organism="Homo sapiens"
                     /mol_type="mRNA"
                     /db_xref="taxon:9606"
                     /chromosome="1"
                     /map="1p36.13"
     gene            1..4361
                     /gene="PADI2"
                     /gene_synonym="PAD-H19; PAD2; PDI2"
                     /note="peptidyl arginine deiminase 2"
                     /db_xref="GeneID:11240"
                     /db_xref="HGNC:HGNC:18341"
                     /db_xref="MIM:607935"
     exon            1..172
                     /gene="PADI2"
                     /gene_synonym="PAD-H19; PAD2; PDI2"
                     /inference="alignment:Splign:2.1.0"
     CDS             81..2078
                     /gene="PADI2"
                     /gene_synonym="PAD-H19; PAD2; PDI2"
                     /EC_number="3.5.3.15"
                     /note="protein-arginine deiminase type II; peptidyl
                     arginine deiminase, type II"
                     /codon_start=1
                     /product="protein-arginine deiminase type-2"
                     /protein_id="NP_031391.2"
                     /db_xref="CCDS:CCDS177.1"
                     /db_xref="GeneID:11240"
                     /db_xref="HGNC:HGNC:18341"
                     /db_xref="MIM:607935"
                     /translation="MLRERTVRLQYGSRVEAVYVLGTYLWTDVYSAAPAGAQTFSLKH
                     SEHVWVEVVRDGEAEEVATNGKQRWLLSPSTTLRVTMSQASTEASSDKVTVNYYDEEG
                     SIPIDQAGLFLTAIEISLDVDADRDGVVEKNNPKKASWTWGPEGQGAILLVNCDRETP
                     WLPKEDCRDEKVYSKEDLKDMSQMILRTKGPDRLPAGYEIVLYISMSDSDKVGVFYVE
                     NPFFGQRYIHILGRRKLYHVVKYTGGSAELLFFVEGLCFPDEGFSGLVSIHVSLLEYM
                     AQDIPLTPIFTDTVIFRIAPWIMTPNILPPVSVFVCCMKDNYLFLKEVKNLVEKTNCE
                     LKVCFQYLNRGDRWIQDEIEFGYIEAPHKGFPVVLDSPRDGNLKDFPVKELLGPDFGY
                     VTREPLFESVTSLDSFGNLEVSPPVTVNGKTYPLGRILIGSSFPLSGGRRMTKVVRDF
                     LKAQQVQAPVELYSDWLTVGHVDEFMSFVPIPGTKKFLLLMASTSACYKLFREKQKDG
                     HGEAIMFKGLGGMSSKRITINKILSNESLVQENLYFQRCLDWNRDILKKELGLTEQDI
                     IDLPALFKMDEDHRARAFFPNMVNMIVLDKDLGIPKPFGPQVEEECCLEMHVRGLLEP
                     LGLECTFIDDISAYHKFLGEVHCGTNVRRKPFTFKWWHMVP"
     exon            173..356
                     /gene="PADI2"
                     /gene_synonym="PAD-H19; PAD2; PDI2"
                     /inference="alignment:Splign:2.1.0"
     exon            357..429
                     /gene="PADI2"
                     /gene_synonym="PAD-H19; PAD2; PDI2"
                     /inference="alignment:Splign:2.1.0"
     exon            430..491
                     /gene="PADI2"
                     /gene_synonym="PAD-H19; PAD2; PDI2"
                     /inference="alignment:Splign:2.1.0"
     exon            492..609
                     /gene="PADI2"
                     /gene_synonym="PAD-H19; PAD2; PDI2"
                     /inference="alignment:Splign:2.1.0"
     exon            610..735
                     /gene="PADI2"
                     /gene_synonym="PAD-H19; PAD2; PDI2"
                     /inference="alignment:Splign:2.1.0"
     exon            736..914
                     /gene="PADI2"
                     /gene_synonym="PAD-H19; PAD2; PDI2"
                     /inference="alignment:Splign:2.1.0"
     exon            915..1018
                     /gene="PADI2"
                     /gene_synonym="PAD-H19; PAD2; PDI2"
                     /inference="alignment:Splign:2.1.0"
     exon            1019..1130
                     /gene="PADI2"
                     /gene_synonym="PAD-H19; PAD2; PDI2"
                     /inference="alignment:Splign:2.1.0"
     exon            1131..1238
                     /gene="PADI2"
                     /gene_synonym="PAD-H19; PAD2; PDI2"
                     /inference="alignment:Splign:2.1.0"
     exon            1239..1390
                     /gene="PADI2"
                     /gene_synonym="PAD-H19; PAD2; PDI2"
                     /inference="alignment:Splign:2.1.0"
     exon            1391..1535
                     /gene="PADI2"
                     /gene_synonym="PAD-H19; PAD2; PDI2"
                     /inference="alignment:Splign:2.1.0"
     exon            1536..1629
                     /gene="PADI2"
                     /gene_synonym="PAD-H19; PAD2; PDI2"
                     /inference="alignment:Splign:2.1.0"
     exon            1630..1715
                     /gene="PADI2"
                     /gene_synonym="PAD-H19; PAD2; PDI2"
                     /inference="alignment:Splign:2.1.0"
     exon            1716..1844
                     /gene="PADI2"
                     /gene_synonym="PAD-H19; PAD2; PDI2"
                     /inference="alignment:Splign:2.1.0"
     exon            1845..4361
                     /gene="PADI2"
                     /gene_synonym="PAD-H19; PAD2; PDI2"
                     /inference="alignment:Splign:2.1.0"
     regulatory      4338..4343
                     /regulatory_class="polyA_signal_sequence"
                     /gene="PADI2"
                     /gene_synonym="PAD-H19; PAD2; PDI2"
                     /note="hexamer: AATAAA"
     polyA_site      4361
                     /gene="PADI2"
                     /gene_synonym="PAD-H19; PAD2; PDI2"
                     /note="major polyA site"
ORIGIN      
        1 aggctgctgg agaaggcgca cctgctgcag gtgctcccgg ccgccccgga ccagcgagcg
       61 cgggcactgc ggcggggagg atgctgcgcg agcggaccgt gcggctgcag tacgggagcc
      121 gcgtggaggc ggtgtacgtg ctgggcacct acctctggac cgatgtctac agcgcggccc
      181 cagccggggc ccaaaccttc agcctgaagc actcggaaca cgtgtgggtg gaggtggtgc
      241 gtgatgggga ggctgaggag gtggccacca atggcaagca gcgctggctt ctctcgccca
      301 gcaccaccct gcgggtcacc atgagccagg cgagcaccga ggccagcagt gacaaggtca
      361 ccgtcaacta ctatgacgag gaagggagca ttcccatcga ccaggcgggg ctcttcctca
      421 cagccattga gatctccctg gatgtggacg cagaccggga tggtgtggtg gagaagaaca
      481 acccaaagaa ggcatcctgg acctggggcc ccgagggcca gggggccatc ctgctggtga
      541 actgtgaccg agagacaccc tggttgccca aggaggactg ccgtgatgag aaggtctaca
      601 gcaaggaaga tctcaaggac atgtcccaga tgatcctgcg gaccaaaggc cccgaccgcc
      661 tccccgccgg atacgagata gttctgtaca tttccatgtc agactcagac aaagtgggcg
      721 tgttctacgt ggagaacccg ttcttcggcc aacgctatat ccacatcctg ggccggcgga
      781 agctctacca tgtggtcaag tacacgggtg gctccgcgga gctgctgttc ttcgtggaag
      841 gcctctgttt ccccgacgag ggcttctcag gcctggtctc catccatgtc agcctgctgg
      901 agtacatggc ccaggacatt cccctgactc ccatcttcac ggacaccgtg atattccgga
      961 ttgctccgtg gatcatgacc cccaacatcc tgcctcccgt gtcggtgttt gtgtgctgca
     1021 tgaaggataa ttacctgttc ctgaaagagg tgaagaacct tgtggagaaa accaactgtg
     1081 agctgaaggt ctgcttccag tacctaaacc gaggcgatcg ctggatccag gatgaaattg
     1141 agtttggcta catcgaggcc ccccataaag gcttccccgt ggtgctggac tctccccgag
     1201 atggaaacct aaaggacttc cctgtgaagg agctcctggg cccagatttt ggctacgtga
     1261 cccgggagcc cctctttgag tctgtcacca gccttgactc atttggaaac ctggaggtca
     1321 gtcccccagt gaccgtgaac ggcaagacat acccgcttgg ccgcatcctc atcgggagca
     1381 gctttcctct gtctggtggt cggaggatga ccaaggtggt gcgtgacttc ctgaaggccc
     1441 agcaggtgca ggcgcccgtg gagctctact cagactggct gactgtgggc cacgtggatg
     1501 agttcatgtc ctttgtcccc atccccggca caaagaaatt cctgctactc atggccagca
     1561 cctcggcctg ctacaagctc ttccgagaga agcagaagga cggccatgga gaggccatca
     1621 tgttcaaagg cttgggtggg atgagcagca agcgaatcac catcaacaag attctgtcca
     1681 acgagagcct tgtgcaggag aacctgtact tccagcgctg cctagactgg aaccgtgaca
     1741 tcctcaagaa ggagctggga ctgacagagc aggacatcat tgacctgccc gctctgttca
     1801 agatggacga ggaccaccgt gccagagcct tcttcccaaa catggtgaac atgatcgtgc
     1861 tggacaagga cctgggcatc cccaagccat tcgggccaca ggttgaggag gaatgctgcc
     1921 tggagatgca cgtgcgtggc ctcctggagc ccctgggcct cgaatgcacc ttcatcgacg
     1981 acatttctgc ctaccacaaa tttctggggg aagtccactg tggcaccaac gtccgcagga
     2041 agcccttcac cttcaagtgg tggcacatgg tgccctgacc tgccaggggc cctggcgttt
     2101 gcctccttcg cttagttctc cagaccctcc ctcacacgcc cagagccttc tgctgacatg
     2161 gactggacag ccccgctggg agacctttgg gacgtggggt ggaatttggg gtatctgtgc
     2221 cttgccctcc ctgagagggg cctcagtgtc ctctgaagcc atccccagtg agcctcgact
     2281 ctgtccctgc tgaaaatagc tgggccagtg tctctgtagc cctgacataa ggaacagaac
     2341 acaacaaaac acagcaaacc atgtgcccaa actgctcccc aaagaatttt gagtctctaa
     2401 tctgacactg aatgagggga gaagggaagg agattctggg attgccagtt cttccagcag
     2461 ccatgctctg aaaatcaagg tagaatccat ggaaagggac cccaggaccc cgggacccta
     2521 gacgtatctt gaactgccat cgtcatttca aatacatctc cctcagggtt tccaggtggc
     2581 cacccccaat tattcattcc ttaccaacct ctcaaatcct cttggctttc tctctgcagt
     2641 gtggacactg ttggctagtc ctccccactc cctgagggtc cagtaagtta gcttagaacc
     2701 ttcctggaaa catttcatct gagcaggttt ccccacgtgt gggatgctcc ttttgcctca
     2761 tctgtctcag ggatgcaggc tcccccgcat gcatggggat ttctccccag accagcatac
     2821 ttgtgacctg agagttcaat gcgtaaagat gcccctggtc agccatatcc atcttctctt
     2881 gcctggtcct tgattctctg gccgctccct gaccttcctc cttccactgc cttgactttc
     2941 ttccttttta ttcctggtgc catctgtcca ggcagctaga caagaacttg ttcgccagca
     3001 gccagattca ggccttccca ggggcataat aagtgaccag cccctcctct ccggacatca
     3061 gatccaacac ataaggaccc tggcctaccc tccagcccaa cagccagttc tgggtcagct
     3121 gccaacttag gggtggtttg attatcccat tgaaattcac cagtgccttt gccaaagacc
     3181 ctctcatttg gacataccca gattcattcc ctggctccaa ctgaaaagac tcagtttcaa
     3241 tcgttaaaag ttcctttagg gccagaagaa taaatgaatt ataatcccat tttgaagaac
     3301 cgatttataa ccaatgaaaa ggttataatg taatttatat tcttggagga acaagatttt
     3361 catttgggat tatttccttc aaccattcaa caaacatttg ttgtatgcca ctaagcgcca
     3421 ggcacggcgt tgggctctgc aaacacagtg gttagtagca gtctggacct ggtccctact
     3481 ggcatggaac ccatcactcc ccaacatgca aagcccacat ttaaaggcca gcctctgccc
     3541 cttcagtgat gcgctcttta gaaatgccag tccactatat tcagaaatcc gcagggcaca
     3601 aaacttccag caagtcactg ttgtggtgaa atgggcagtg ggggtggggg gtcttcttta
     3661 aacaggcccc cttcccatct acctagccag tacccatcca atgagtcccc agagcctcca
     3721 gaagctgttg tctcctctct ggggacagca gctcctgcct ttggaggcca aagccccaga
     3781 tctctccagc cccagagctg aaaacaccaa gtgcctattt gagggtgtct gtctggagac
     3841 ttagagtttg tcatgtgtgt gtgtgtgttt ggttaatgtg ggtttatggg ttttctttct
     3901 tttttttctt ttttttttta gtctacatta gggggaagtg agcgcctccc atgtgcagac
     3961 agtgtgtctt tatagatttt tctaaggctt tccccaatga tgtcggtaat ttctgatgtt
     4021 tctgaagttc ccaggactca cacacccgtt cccatctcac ttgcccaccc agtgtgacaa
     4081 ccctcggtgt ggatataccc ccgtggactc atggctcttc cccaccccca ctttctataa
     4141 atgtaggcct agaatacgct tctctgttgc aaaactcagc taagttcctg cttccacctt
     4201 gatgttgaaa tatcttatgt aagagggcag gggatgtcgt gaagatggca agaagaacac
     4261 agtttcaaat ttctggaaaa gagcctgtgg tggagatcta aagatgttta gggaagagct
     4321 cgactaaaga acaatgaaat aaatggtcca aggggaagtc a
//
