LOCUS       NM_002537               1947 bp    mRNA    linear   PRI 06-JUN-2024
DEFINITION  Homo sapiens ornithine decarboxylase antizyme 2 (OAZ2), transcript
            variant 1, mRNA.
ACCESSION   NM_002537
VERSION     NM_002537.3
KEYWORDS    RefSeq; RefSeq Select.
SOURCE      Homo sapiens (human)
  ORGANISM  Homo sapiens
            Eukaryota; Metazoa; Chordata; Craniata; Vertebrata; Euteleostomi;
            Mammalia; Eutheria; Euarchontoglires; Primates; Haplorrhini;
            Catarrhini; Hominidae; Homo.
REFERENCE   1  (bases 1 to 1947)
  AUTHORS   Luck,K., Kim,D.K., Lambourne,L., Spirohn,K., Begg,B.E., Bian,W.,
            Brignall,R., Cafarelli,T., Campos-Laborie,F.J., Charloteaux,B.,
            Choi,D., Cote,A.G., Daley,M., Deimling,S., Desbuleux,A., Dricot,A.,
            Gebbia,M., Hardy,M.F., Kishore,N., Knapp,J.J., Kovacs,I.A.,
            Lemmens,I., Mee,M.W., Mellor,J.C., Pollis,C., Pons,C.,
            Richardson,A.D., Schlabach,S., Teeking,B., Yadav,A., Babor,M.,
            Balcha,D., Basha,O., Bowman-Colin,C., Chin,S.F., Choi,S.G.,
            Colabella,C., Coppin,G., D'Amata,C., De Ridder,D., De Rouck,S.,
            Duran-Frigola,M., Ennajdaoui,H., Goebels,F., Goehring,L., Gopal,A.,
            Haddad,G., Hatchi,E., Helmy,M., Jacob,Y., Kassa,Y., Landini,S.,
            Li,R., van Lieshout,N., MacWilliams,A., Markey,D., Paulson,J.N.,
            Rangarajan,S., Rasla,J., Rayhan,A., Rolland,T., San-Miguel,A.,
            Shen,Y., Sheykhkarimli,D., Sheynkman,G.M., Simonovsky,E., Tasan,M.,
            Tejeda,A., Tropepe,V., Twizere,J.C., Wang,Y., Weatheritt,R.J.,
            Weile,J., Xia,Y., Yang,X., Yeger-Lotem,E., Zhong,Q., Aloy,P.,
            Bader,G.D., De Las Rivas,J., Gaudet,S., Hao,T., Rak,J.,
            Tavernier,J., Hill,D.E., Vidal,M., Roth,F.P. and Calderwood,M.A.
  TITLE     A reference map of the human binary protein interactome
  JOURNAL   Nature 580 (7803), 402-408 (2020)
   PUBMED   32296183
REFERENCE   2  (bases 1 to 1947)
  AUTHORS   Li,Y., Gong,P., Hou,J.X., Huang,W., Ma,X.P., Wang,Y.L., Li,J.,
            Cui,X.B. and Li,N.
  TITLE     miR-34a Regulates Multidrug Resistance via Positively Modulating
            OAZ2 Signaling in Colon Cancer Cells
  JOURNAL   J Immunol Res 2018, 7498514 (2018)
   PUBMED   30175154
  REMARK    GeneRIF: this study reveals a critical role of miR-34a/OAZ2 cascade
            in conferring a proper cellular response to colon cancer
            chemotherapy
            Publication Status: Online-Only
REFERENCE   3  (bases 1 to 1947)
  AUTHORS   Gross,J.A., Fiori,L.M., Labonte,B., Lopez,J.P. and Turecki,G.
  TITLE     Effects of promoter methylation on increased expression of
            polyamine biosynthetic genes in suicide
  JOURNAL   J Psychiatr Res 47 (4), 513-519 (2013)
   PUBMED   23260169
  REMARK    GeneRIF: Gene expression studies have identified altered expression
            of ornithine decarboxylase antizyme 2 in suicide completers with a
            history of mood disorders.
REFERENCE   4  (bases 1 to 1947)
  AUTHORS   Fiori,L.M., Gross,J.A. and Turecki,G.
  TITLE     Effects of histone modifications on increased expression of
            polyamine biosynthetic genes in suicide
  JOURNAL   Int J Neuropsychopharmacol 15 (8), 1161-1166 (2012)
   PUBMED   22008221
  REMARK    GeneRIF: This study demomistrated that H3K4me3 modification plays
            an important role in up regulation of OAZ2 in prefrontal cortex.
REFERENCE   5  (bases 1 to 1947)
  AUTHORS   Murai,N., Shimizu,A., Murakami,Y. and Matsufuji,S.
  TITLE     Subcellular localization and phosphorylation of antizyme 2
  JOURNAL   J Cell Biochem 108 (4), 1012-1021 (2009)
   PUBMED   19725046
REFERENCE   6  (bases 1 to 1947)
  AUTHORS   Ivanov,I.P. and Atkins,J.F.
  TITLE     Ribosomal frameshifting in decoding antizyme mRNAs from yeast and
            protists to humans: close to 300 cases reveal remarkable diversity
            despite underlying conservation
  JOURNAL   Nucleic Acids Res 35 (6), 1842-1858 (2007)
   PUBMED   17332016
  REMARK    Review article
REFERENCE   7  (bases 1 to 1947)
  AUTHORS   Mangold,U. and Leberer,E.
  TITLE     Regulation of all members of the antizyme family by antizyme
            inhibitor
  JOURNAL   Biochem J 385 (Pt 1), 21-28 (2005)
   PUBMED   15355308
REFERENCE   8  (bases 1 to 1947)
  AUTHORS   Chen,H., MacDonald,A. and Coffino,P.
  TITLE     Structural elements of antizymes 1 and 2 are required for
            proteasomal degradation of ornithine decarboxylase
  JOURNAL   J Biol Chem 277 (48), 45957-45961 (2002)
   PUBMED   12359729
REFERENCE   9  (bases 1 to 1947)
  AUTHORS   Zhou,J., Atkins,J.F. and Gesteland,R.F.
  TITLE     Structure of human ornithine decarboxylase antizyme 2 gene
  JOURNAL   Gene 232 (2), 165-171 (1999)
   PUBMED   10352227
REFERENCE   10 (bases 1 to 1947)
  AUTHORS   Ivanov,I.P., Gesteland,R.F. and Atkins,J.F.
  TITLE     A second mammalian antizyme: conservation of programmed ribosomal
            frameshifting
  JOURNAL   Genomics 52 (2), 119-129 (1998)
   PUBMED   9782076
  REMARK    GeneRIF: The protein product is generated using polyamine-regulated
            programmed ribosomal frameshifting.
COMMENT     REVIEWED REFSEQ: This record has been curated by NCBI staff. The
            reference sequence was derived from DA210449.1, BC035493.2 and
            BG059726.1.
            
            On Jul 31, 2014 this sequence version replaced NM_002537.2.
            
            Summary: The protein encoded by this gene belongs to the ornithine
            decarboxylase antizyme family, which plays a role in cell growth
            and proliferation by regulating intracellular polyamines.
            Expression of antizymes requires +1 ribosomal frameshifting, which
            is enhanced by high levels of polyamines. Antizymes in turn bind to
            and inhibit ornithine decarboxylase (ODC), the key enzyme in
            polyamine biosynthesis; thus, completing the auto-regulatory
            circuit. This gene encodes antizyme 2, the second member of the
            antizyme family. Like antizyme 1, antizyme 2 has broad tissue
            distribution, inhibits ODC activity and polyamine uptake, and
            stimulates ODC degradation in vivo; however, it fails to promote
            ODC degradation in vitro. Antizyme 2 is expressed at lower levels
            than antizyme 1, but is evolutionary more conserved, suggesting it
            likely has an important biological role. Studies also show
            different subcellular localization of antizymes 1 and 2, indicating
            specific function for each antizyme in discrete compartments of the
            cell. Alternatively spliced transcript variants have been found for
            this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Dec 2014].
            
            Transcript Variant: This variant (1) encodes the longer isoform
            (1).
            
            Publication Note:  This RefSeq record includes a subset of the
            publications that are available for this gene. Please see the Gene
            record to access additional publications.
            
            ##Evidence-Data-START##
            Transcript exon combination :: SRR1660807.178414.1,
                                           SRR1660803.240986.1 [ECO:0000332]
            RNAseq introns              :: single sample supports all introns
                                           SAMEA2148874, SAMEA2162568
                                           [ECO:0000348]
            ##Evidence-Data-END##
            
            ##RefSeq-Attributes-START##
            RefSeq Select criteria :: based on conservation, expression,
                                      longest protein
            ribosomal slippage     :: inferred from conservation
            ##RefSeq-Attributes-END##
            COMPLETENESS: complete on the 3' end.
PRIMARY     REFSEQ_SPAN         PRIMARY_IDENTIFIER PRIMARY_SPAN        COMP
            1-74                DA210449.1         1-74
            75-1932             BC035493.2         1-1858
            1933-1947           BG059726.1         1-15                c
FEATURES             Location/Qualifiers
     source          1..1947
                     /organism="Homo sapiens"
                     /mol_type="mRNA"
                     /db_xref="taxon:9606"
                     /chromosome="15"
                     /map="15q22.31"
     gene            1..1947
                     /gene="OAZ2"
                     /gene_synonym="AZ2"
                     /note="ornithine decarboxylase antizyme 2"
                     /db_xref="GeneID:4947"
                     /db_xref="HGNC:HGNC:8096"
                     /db_xref="MIM:604152"
     exon            1..253
                     /gene="OAZ2"
                     /gene_synonym="AZ2"
                     /inference="alignment:Splign:2.1.0"
     CDS             join(234..329,331..804)
                     /gene="OAZ2"
                     /gene_synonym="AZ2"
                     /ribosomal_slippage
                     /note="protein translation is dependent on
                     polyamine-induced +1 ribosomal frameshift; isoform 1 is
                     encoded by transcript variant 1; ODC-Az 2"
                     /codon_start=1
                     /product="ornithine decarboxylase antizyme 2 isoform 1"
                     /protein_id="NP_002528.1"
                     /db_xref="CCDS:CCDS58372.1"
                     /db_xref="GeneID:4947"
                     /db_xref="HGNC:HGNC:8096"
                     /db_xref="MIM:604152"
                     /translation="MINTQDSSILPLSNCPQLQCCRHIVPGPLWCSDAPHPLSKIPGG
                     RGGGRDPSLSALIYKDEKLTVTQDLPVNDGKPHIVHFQYEVTEVKVSSWDAVLSSQSL
                     FVEIPDGLLADGSKEGLLALLEFAEEKMKVNYVFICFRKGREDRAPLLKTFSFLGFEI
                     VRPGHPCVPSRPDVMFMVYPLDQNLSDED"
     exon            254..411
                     /gene="OAZ2"
                     /gene_synonym="AZ2"
                     /inference="alignment:Splign:2.1.0"
     regulatory      336..385
                     /regulatory_class="recoding_stimulatory_region"
                     /gene="OAZ2"
                     /gene_synonym="AZ2"
                     /note="recoding_pseudoknot"
                     /function="stimulates +1 ribosomal frameshifting"
     exon            412..587
                     /gene="OAZ2"
                     /gene_synonym="AZ2"
                     /inference="alignment:Splign:2.1.0"
     exon            588..673
                     /gene="OAZ2"
                     /gene_synonym="AZ2"
                     /inference="alignment:Splign:2.1.0"
     exon            674..1934
                     /gene="OAZ2"
                     /gene_synonym="AZ2"
                     /inference="alignment:Splign:2.1.0"
     regulatory      1020..1025
                     /regulatory_class="polyA_signal_sequence"
                     /gene="OAZ2"
                     /gene_synonym="AZ2"
                     /note="hexamer: AATGAA"
     polyA_site      1043
                     /gene="OAZ2"
                     /gene_synonym="AZ2"
     regulatory      1913..1918
                     /regulatory_class="polyA_signal_sequence"
                     /gene="OAZ2"
                     /gene_synonym="AZ2"
                     /note="hexamer: AATAAA"
     polyA_site      1932
                     /gene="OAZ2"
                     /gene_synonym="AZ2"
                     /note="major polyA site"
ORIGIN      
        1 atgcagatga ggcactcggg ggcggggcgg cggcggcggc ggcggcggtg gcggccgggg
       61 agggtcagtt ggaggcaggc gctcgctgag gcaaaaggag gcgctcggcc cgcggcctga
      121 cagggactta gcccgcagag atcgaccccg cgcgcgtgac cccacaccca cccactcatc
      181 catctatcca ctccctgcgc cgcctcctcc caccctgagc agagccgccg aggatgataa
      241 acacccagga cagtagtatt ttgcctttga gtaactgtcc ccagctccag tgctgcaggc
      301 acattgttcc agggcctctg tggtgctcct gatgcccctc acccactgtc gaagatcccc
      361 ggtgggcgag ggggcggcag ggatccttct ctctcagctc taatatataa ggacgagaag
      421 ctcactgtga cccaggacct ccctgtgaat gatggaaaac ctcacatcgt ccacttccag
      481 tatgaggtca ccgaggtgaa ggtctcttct tgggatgcag tcctgtccag ccagagcctg
      541 tttgtagaaa tcccagatgg attattagct gatgggagca aagaaggatt gttagcactg
      601 ctagagtttg ctgaagagaa gatgaaagtg aactatgtct tcatctgctt caggaagggc
      661 cgagaagaca gagctccact cctgaagacc ttcagcttct tgggctttga gattgtacgt
      721 ccaggccatc cctgtgtccc ctctcggcca gatgtgatgt tcatggttta tcccctggac
      781 cagaacttgt ccgatgagga ctaatagtca tagaggatgc tttacccaag agccacagtg
      841 ggggaagagg ggaagttagg cagccctggg acagacgaga gggctcctcg ctgtctaggg
      901 aaggacactg aggggctcag ggtgagggtt gcctattgtg ttctcggagt tgactcgttg
      961 aaattgtttt ccataaagaa cagtataaac atattattca catgtaatca ccaatagtaa
     1021 atgaagatgt ttatgaactg gcattagaag ctttctaaac tgcgctgtgt gatgtgttct
     1081 atctagccta ggggaggaca ttgcctagag ggggagggac tgtctgggtt caggggcatg
     1141 gcctggaggg ctggtgggca gcactgtcag gctcaggttt ccctgctgtt ggctttctgt
     1201 tttggttatt aagacttgtg tattttcttt ctttgcttcc tgtcacccca ggggctcctg
     1261 agtataggct tttcagtccc tgggcagtgt ccttgagttg ttttttgaca ctcttacctg
     1321 ggcttctctg tgtgcatttg cgtctggcct ggagtaagca ggtccgaccc ctccttcttt
     1381 acagcttagt gttattctgg catttggtta agctggctta atctgtttaa tgttatcagt
     1441 acattttaaa taggggcatt gaaatttact cccaccacca gggctttttt gggggatgcc
     1501 tgggccttta aaacactagc caaactctaa ttaattctca aatcactgcc aggagttctt
     1561 gctcctggct gcaggcccag gccccaaggt ctccttcttg gggtcacaaa cagcagtaag
     1621 gaagaggaat atatagcaac tcagggcctg ggaattgtgg ggcaatccgt tcttagggac
     1681 tggatacttc tggctggctg agtatagtac tagctgcctc cccaccaggt tccgagtagt
     1741 gtctgagact ctgctctgca gggcctaggg tagcgctggg agtgtagaag tggcctgccc
     1801 ttaactgttt tcactaaaca gctttttcta aggggagagc aagggggaga gatctagatt
     1861 gggtgagggg gacggggatg tcagggaggc aagtgtgttg tgttactgtg tcaataaact
     1921 gatttaaagt tgtgaaaaaa aaaaaaa
//
