LOCUS       NM_181514                693 bp    mRNA    linear   PRI 20-SEP-2024
DEFINITION  Homo sapiens mitochondrial ribosomal protein L21 (MRPL21),
            transcript variant 4, mRNA.
ACCESSION   NM_181514
VERSION     NM_181514.2
KEYWORDS    RefSeq; MANE Select.
SOURCE      Homo sapiens (human)
  ORGANISM  Homo sapiens
            Eukaryota; Metazoa; Chordata; Craniata; Vertebrata; Euteleostomi;
            Mammalia; Eutheria; Euarchontoglires; Primates; Haplorrhini;
            Catarrhini; Hominidae; Homo.
REFERENCE   1  (bases 1 to 693)
  AUTHORS   Ma,T., Huang,Y.B., Chen,J., Zhang,L., Liu,Y.H. and Lu,C.H.
  TITLE     MRPL21 promotes HCC proliferation through TP53 mutation-induced
            apoptotic resistance
  JOURNAL   Tissue Cell 86, 102298 (2024)
   PUBMED   38181584
  REMARK    GeneRIF: MRPL21 promotes HCC proliferation through TP53
            mutation-induced apoptotic resistance.
REFERENCE   2  (bases 1 to 693)
  AUTHORS   Morgenstern,M., Peikert,C.D., Lubbert,P., Suppanz,I., Klemm,C.,
            Alka,O., Steiert,C., Naumenko,N., Schendzielorz,A., Melchionda,L.,
            Muhlhauser,W.W.D., Knapp,B., Busch,J.D., Stiller,S.B.,
            Dannenmaier,S., Lindau,C., Licheva,M., Eickhorst,C., Galbusera,R.,
            Zerbes,R.M., Ryan,M.T., Kraft,C., Kozjak-Pavlovic,V., Drepper,F.,
            Dennerlein,S., Oeljeklaus,S., Pfanner,N., Wiedemann,N. and
            Warscheid,B.
  TITLE     Quantitative high-confidence human mitochondrial proteome and its
            dynamics in cellular context
  JOURNAL   Cell Metab 33 (12), 2464-2483 (2021)
   PUBMED   34800366
REFERENCE   3  (bases 1 to 693)
  AUTHORS   Brown,A., Rathore,S., Kimanius,D., Aibara,S., Bai,X.C., Rorbach,J.,
            Amunts,A. and Ramakrishnan,V.
  TITLE     Structures of the human mitochondrial ribosome in native states of
            assembly
  JOURNAL   Nat Struct Mol Biol 24 (10), 866-869 (2017)
   PUBMED   28892042
REFERENCE   4  (bases 1 to 693)
  AUTHORS   Greber,B.J. and Ban,N.
  TITLE     Structure and Function of the Mitochondrial Ribosome
  JOURNAL   Annu Rev Biochem 85, 103-132 (2016)
   PUBMED   27023846
  REMARK    Review article
REFERENCE   5  (bases 1 to 693)
  AUTHORS   Shi,Z.Z., Shang,L., Jiang,Y.Y., Shi,F., Xu,X., Wang,M.R. and
            Hao,J.J.
  TITLE     Identification of genomic biomarkers associated with the
            clinicopathological parameters and prognosis of esophageal squamous
            cell carcinoma
  JOURNAL   Cancer Biomark 15 (6), 755-761 (2015)
   PUBMED   26406417
  REMARK    GeneRIF: High MRPL21 expression is associated with esophageal
            squamous cell carcinoma.
REFERENCE   6  (bases 1 to 693)
  AUTHORS   Baltz,A.G., Munschauer,M., Schwanhausser,B., Vasile,A.,
            Murakawa,Y., Schueler,M., Youngs,N., Penfold-Brown,D., Drew,K.,
            Milek,M., Wyler,E., Bonneau,R., Selbach,M., Dieterich,C. and
            Landthaler,M.
  TITLE     The mRNA-bound proteome and its global occupancy profile on
            protein-coding transcripts
  JOURNAL   Mol Cell 46 (5), 674-690 (2012)
   PUBMED   22681889
REFERENCE   7  (bases 1 to 693)
  AUTHORS   Hendrickson,S.L., Lautenberger,J.A., Chinn,L.W., Malasky,M.,
            Sezgin,E., Kingsley,L.A., Goedert,J.J., Kirk,G.D., Gomperts,E.D.,
            Buchbinder,S.P., Troyer,J.L. and O'Brien,S.J.
  TITLE     Genetic variants in nuclear-encoded mitochondrial genes influence
            AIDS progression
  JOURNAL   PLoS One 5 (9), e12862 (2010)
   PUBMED   20877624
  REMARK    GeneRIF: Observational study of gene-disease association. (HuGE
            Navigator)
            Publication Status: Online-Only
REFERENCE   8  (bases 1 to 693)
  AUTHORS   Zhang,Z. and Gerstein,M.
  TITLE     Identification and characterization of over 100 mitochondrial
            ribosomal protein pseudogenes in the human genome
  JOURNAL   Genomics 81 (5), 468-480 (2003)
   PUBMED   12706105
REFERENCE   9  (bases 1 to 693)
  AUTHORS   O'Brien,T.W.
  TITLE     Evolution of a protein-rich mitochondrial ribosome: implications
            for human genetic disease
  JOURNAL   Gene 286 (1), 73-79 (2002)
   PUBMED   11943462
REFERENCE   10 (bases 1 to 693)
  AUTHORS   Koc,E.C., Burkhart,W., Blackburn,K., Moyer,M.B., Schlatzer,D.M.,
            Moseley,A. and Spremulli,L.L.
  TITLE     The large subunit of the mammalian mitochondrial ribosome. Analysis
            of the complement of ribosomal proteins present
  JOURNAL   J Biol Chem 276 (47), 43958-43969 (2001)
   PUBMED   11551941
COMMENT     REVIEWED REFSEQ: This record has been curated by NCBI staff. The
            reference sequence was derived from AK096756.1 and BM916618.1.
            
            On Nov 22, 2018 this sequence version replaced NM_181514.1.
            
            Summary: Mammalian mitochondrial ribosomal proteins are encoded by
            nuclear genes and help in protein synthesis within the
            mitochondrion. Mitochondrial ribosomes (mitoribosomes) consist of a
            small 28S subunit and a large 39S subunit. They have an estimated
            75% protein to rRNA composition compared to prokaryotic ribosomes,
            where this ratio is reversed. Another difference between mammalian
            mitoribosomes and prokaryotic ribosomes is that the latter contain
            a 5S rRNA. Among different species, the proteins comprising the
            mitoribosome differ greatly in sequence, and sometimes in
            biochemical properties, which prevents easy recognition by sequence
            homology. This gene encodes a 39S subunit protein. Multiple
            transcript variants encoding different isoforms were identified
            through sequence analysis although some may be subject to
            nonsense-mediated decay (NMD). [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008].
            
            Transcript Variant: This variant (4) encodes the longest protein
            (isoform d).
            
            Publication Note:  This RefSeq record includes a subset of the
            publications that are available for this gene. Please see the Gene
            record to access additional publications.
            
            ##Evidence-Data-START##
            Transcript exon combination :: BQ881333.1, BG706484.1 [ECO:0000332]
            RNAseq introns              :: mixed sample support SAMEA1965299,
                                           SAMEA1966682 [ECO:0006172]
            ##Evidence-Data-END##
            
            ##RefSeq-Attributes-START##
            gene product(s) localized to mito. :: reported by MitoCarta
            MANE Ensembl match                 :: ENST00000362034.7/
                                                  ENSP00000354580.2
            RefSeq Select criteria             :: based on conservation,
                                                  expression
            ##RefSeq-Attributes-END##
            COMPLETENESS: full length.
PRIMARY     REFSEQ_SPAN         PRIMARY_IDENTIFIER PRIMARY_SPAN        COMP
            1-168               AK096756.1         4-171
            169-471             AK096756.1         185-487
            472-575             AK096756.1         569-672
            576-693             BM916618.1         544-661
FEATURES             Location/Qualifiers
     source          1..693
                     /organism="Homo sapiens"
                     /mol_type="mRNA"
                     /db_xref="taxon:9606"
                     /chromosome="11"
                     /map="11q13.3"
     gene            1..693
                     /gene="MRPL21"
                     /gene_synonym="bL21m; L21mt; MRP-L21"
                     /note="mitochondrial ribosomal protein L21"
                     /db_xref="GeneID:219927"
                     /db_xref="HGNC:HGNC:14479"
                     /db_xref="MIM:611834"
     exon            1..110
                     /gene="MRPL21"
                     /gene_synonym="bL21m; L21mt; MRP-L21"
                     /inference="alignment:Splign:2.1.0"
     CDS             23..640
                     /gene="MRPL21"
                     /gene_synonym="bL21m; L21mt; MRP-L21"
                     /note="isoform d is encoded by transcript variant 4; 39S
                     ribosomal protein L21, mitochondrial; mitochondrial large
                     ribosomal subunit protein bL21m"
                     /codon_start=1
                     /product="large ribosomal subunit protein bL21m isoform d"
                     /protein_id="NP_852615.1"
                     /db_xref="CCDS:CCDS8186.1"
                     /db_xref="GeneID:219927"
                     /db_xref="HGNC:HGNC:14479"
                     /db_xref="MIM:611834"
                     /translation="MAASSLTVTLGRLASACSHSILRPSGPGAASLWSASRRFNSQST
                     SYLPGYVPKTSLSSPPWPEVVLPDPVEETRHHAEVVKKVNEMIVTGQYGRLFAVVHFA
                     SRQWKVTSEDLILIGNELDLACGERIRLEKVLLVGADNFTLLGKPLLGKDLVRVEATV
                     IEKTESWPRIIMRFRKRKNFKKKRIVTTPQTVLRINSIEIAPCLL"
     exon            111..168
                     /gene="MRPL21"
                     /gene_synonym="bL21m; L21mt; MRP-L21"
                     /inference="alignment:Splign:2.1.0"
     exon            169..254
                     /gene="MRPL21"
                     /gene_synonym="bL21m; L21mt; MRP-L21"
                     /inference="alignment:Splign:2.1.0"
     exon            255..418
                     /gene="MRPL21"
                     /gene_synonym="bL21m; L21mt; MRP-L21"
                     /inference="alignment:Splign:2.1.0"
     exon            419..471
                     /gene="MRPL21"
                     /gene_synonym="bL21m; L21mt; MRP-L21"
                     /inference="alignment:Splign:2.1.0"
     exon            472..575
                     /gene="MRPL21"
                     /gene_synonym="bL21m; L21mt; MRP-L21"
                     /inference="alignment:Splign:2.1.0"
     exon            576..693
                     /gene="MRPL21"
                     /gene_synonym="bL21m; L21mt; MRP-L21"
                     /inference="alignment:Splign:2.1.0"
     regulatory      671..676
                     /regulatory_class="polyA_signal_sequence"
                     /gene="MRPL21"
                     /gene_synonym="bL21m; L21mt; MRP-L21"
                     /note="hexamer: AATAAA"
     polyA_site      693
                     /gene="MRPL21"
                     /gene_synonym="bL21m; L21mt; MRP-L21"
                     /note="major polyA site"
ORIGIN      
        1 gtttccggcc gaggctgcgg ccatggcagc atcttccctg acggtcacct tagggcggct
       61 ggcgtccgcg tgcagccaca gcatcctgag accttcgggg cccggagcag cctccctttg
      121 gtctgcttct cgaaggttca attcacagag cacttcatat ctaccaggat atgttcctaa
      181 aacatccctg agttcaccac cttggccaga agttgttctg ccagacccag ttgaggagac
      241 cagacaccat gcagaggtcg tgaagaaggt gaatgagatg atcgtcacgg ggcagtatgg
      301 caggctcttt gccgtggtgc actttgccag ccgccagtgg aaggtgacct ctgaagacct
      361 gatcttaatt ggaaatgaac tagaccttgc gtgtggagag agaattcgac tggagaaggt
      421 cctgctggtt ggggcagaca acttcacgct gcttggcaag ccactcctcg gaaaggatct
      481 tgttcgagta gaagccacag tcattgaaaa gacagaatca tggccaagaa tcattatgag
      541 attcaggaaa aggaaaaact tcaagaagaa aagaatcgtc acgaccccgc agactgtcct
      601 ccggataaac agcattgaga ttgctccgtg tttgttgtga ttaccgagtt aatacttaca
      661 aaaggataaa aataaactcc tgcttcccaa gga
//
