LOCUS       NM_002395               3338 bp    mRNA    linear   PRI 04-APR-2024
DEFINITION  Homo sapiens malic enzyme 1 (ME1), mRNA.
ACCESSION   NM_002395
VERSION     NM_002395.6
KEYWORDS    RefSeq; MANE Select.
SOURCE      Homo sapiens (human)
  ORGANISM  Homo sapiens
            Eukaryota; Metazoa; Chordata; Craniata; Vertebrata; Euteleostomi;
            Mammalia; Eutheria; Euarchontoglires; Primates; Haplorrhini;
            Catarrhini; Hominidae; Homo.
REFERENCE   1  (bases 1 to 3338)
  AUTHORS   Ran,M., Zhou,Y., Guo,Y., Huang,D., Zhang,S.L. and Tam,K.Y.
  TITLE     Cytosolic malic enzyme and glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase
            modulate redox balance in NSCLC with acquired drug resistance
  JOURNAL   FEBS J 290 (19), 4792-4809 (2023)
   PUBMED   37410361
  REMARK    GeneRIF: Cytosolic malic enzyme and glucose-6-phosphate
            dehydrogenase modulate redox balance in NSCLC with acquired drug
            resistance.
REFERENCE   2  (bases 1 to 3338)
  AUTHORS   Subbiah,V. and Gan,B.
  TITLE     Targeting Ferroptosis Vulnerability in Synovial Sarcoma: Is It All
            About ME1?
  JOURNAL   Clin Cancer Res 28 (16), 3408-3410 (2022)
   PUBMED   35727698
  REMARK    GeneRIF: Targeting Ferroptosis Vulnerability in Synovial Sarcoma:
            Is It All About ME1?
REFERENCE   3  (bases 1 to 3338)
  AUTHORS   Igelmann,S., Lessard,F., Uchenunu,O., Bouchard,J.,
            Fernandez-Ruiz,A., Rowell,M.C., Lopes-Paciencia,S., Papadopoli,D.,
            Fouillen,A., Ponce,K.J., Huot,G., Mignacca,L., Benfdil,M.,
            Kalegari,P., Wahba,H.M., Pencik,J., Vuong,N., Quenneville,J.,
            Guillon,J., Bourdeau,V., Hulea,L., Gagnon,E., Kenner,L.,
            Moriggl,R., Nanci,A., Pollak,M.N., Omichinski,J.G., Topisirovic,I.
            and Ferbeyre,G.
  TITLE     A hydride transfer complex reprograms NAD metabolism and bypasses
            senescence
  JOURNAL   Mol Cell 81 (18), 3848-3865 (2021)
   PUBMED   34547241
REFERENCE   4  (bases 1 to 3338)
  AUTHORS   Lee,D., Zhang,M.S., Tsang,F.H., Bao,M.H., Xu,I.M., Lai,R.K.,
            Chiu,D.K., Tse,A.P., Law,C.T., Chan,C.Y., Yuen,V.W., Chui,N.N.,
            Ng,I.O., Wong,C.M. and Wong,C.C.
  TITLE     Adaptive and Constitutive Activations of Malic Enzymes Confer Liver
            Cancer Multilayered Protection Against Reactive Oxygen Species
  JOURNAL   Hepatology 74 (2), 776-796 (2021)
   PUBMED   33619771
  REMARK    GeneRIF: Adaptive and Constitutive Activations of Malic Enzymes
            Confer Liver Cancer Multilayered Protection Against Reactive Oxygen
            Species.
REFERENCE   5  (bases 1 to 3338)
  AUTHORS   Jiang,Z., Cui,H., Zeng,S. and Li,L.
  TITLE     miR-885-5p Inhibits Invasion and Metastasis in Gastric Cancer by
            Targeting Malic Enzyme 1
  JOURNAL   DNA Cell Biol 40 (5), 694-705 (2021)
   PUBMED   33751897
  REMARK    GeneRIF: miR-885-5p Inhibits Invasion and Metastasis in Gastric
            Cancer by Targeting Malic Enzyme 1.
REFERENCE   6  (bases 1 to 3338)
  AUTHORS   Bukato,G., Kochan,Z. and Swierczynski,J.
  TITLE     Different regulatory properties of the cytosolic and mitochondrial
            forms of malic enzyme isolated from human brain
  JOURNAL   Int J Biochem Cell Biol 27 (10), 1003-1008 (1995)
   PUBMED   7496989
REFERENCE   7  (bases 1 to 3338)
  AUTHORS   Tessarolo,D., Liguori,M. and Giacanelli,M.
  TITLE     Human malic enzymes in heart and muscle: evidence of a selective
            distribution
  JOURNAL   Biochem Med Metab Biol 45 (1), 1-5 (1991)
   PUBMED   2015102
REFERENCE   8  (bases 1 to 3338)
  AUTHORS   Taroni,F. and Di Donato,S.
  TITLE     Purification and properties of cytosolic malic enzyme from human
            skeletal muscle
  JOURNAL   Int J Biochem 20 (8), 857-866 (1988)
   PUBMED   3169368
REFERENCE   9  (bases 1 to 3338)
  AUTHORS   Povey,S., Wilson,D.E. Jr., Harris,H., Gormley,I.P., Perry,P. and
            Buckton,K.E.
  TITLE     Sub-unit structure of soluble and mitochondrial malic enzyme:
            demonstration of human mitochondrial enzyme in human-mouse hybrids
  JOURNAL   Ann Hum Genet 39 (2), 203-212 (1975)
   PUBMED   1088824
REFERENCE   10 (bases 1 to 3338)
  AUTHORS   Chen,T.R., McMorris,F.A., Creagan,R., Ricciuti,F., Tischfield,J.
            and Ruddle,F.
  TITLE     Assignment of the genes for malate oxidoreductase decarboxylating
            to chromosome 6 and peptidase B and lactate dehydrogenase B to
            chromosome 12 in man
  JOURNAL   Am J Hum Genet 25 (2), 200-207 (1973)
   PUBMED   4689040
COMMENT     REVIEWED REFSEQ: This record has been curated by NCBI staff. The
            reference sequence was derived from DA520723.1, BC025246.1,
            AL049699.8 and KF458214.1.
            
            On Nov 22, 2018 this sequence version replaced NM_002395.5.
            
            Summary: This gene encodes a cytosolic, NADP-dependent enzyme that
            generates NADPH for fatty acid biosynthesis. The activity of this
            enzyme, the reversible oxidative decarboxylation of malate, links
            the glycolytic and citric acid cycles. The regulation of expression
            for this gene is complex. Increased expression can result from
            elevated levels of thyroid hormones or by higher proportions of
            carbohydrates in the diet. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008].
            
            Sequence Note: This RefSeq record was created from transcript and
            genomic sequence data to make the sequence consistent with the
            reference genome assembly. The genomic coordinates used for the
            transcript record were based on transcript alignments.
            
            Publication Note:  This RefSeq record includes a subset of the
            publications that are available for this gene. Please see the Gene
            record to access additional publications.
            
            ##Evidence-Data-START##
            Transcript exon combination :: SRR1803612.137234.1,
                                           SRR3476690.891707.1 [ECO:0000332]
            RNAseq introns              :: single sample supports all introns
                                           SAMEA2144835, SAMEA2148093
                                           [ECO:0000348]
            ##Evidence-Data-END##
            
            ##RefSeq-Attributes-START##
            gene product(s) localized to mito. :: reported by MitoCarta
            MANE Ensembl match                 :: ENST00000369705.4/
                                                  ENSP00000358719.3
            RefSeq Select criteria             :: based on single
                                                  protein-coding transcript
            ##RefSeq-Attributes-END##
            COMPLETENESS: full length.
PRIMARY     REFSEQ_SPAN         PRIMARY_IDENTIFIER PRIMARY_SPAN        COMP
            1-16                DA520723.1         169-184
            17-1992             BC025246.1         1-1976
            1993-2415           AL049699.8         88908-89330
            2416-2745           KF458214.1         1-330
            2746-3338           AL049699.8         89661-90253
FEATURES             Location/Qualifiers
     source          1..3338
                     /organism="Homo sapiens"
                     /mol_type="mRNA"
                     /db_xref="taxon:9606"
                     /chromosome="6"
                     /map="6q14.2"
     gene            1..3338
                     /gene="ME1"
                     /gene_synonym="HUMNDME; MES"
                     /note="malic enzyme 1"
                     /db_xref="GeneID:4199"
                     /db_xref="HGNC:HGNC:6983"
                     /db_xref="MIM:154250"
     exon            1..175
                     /gene="ME1"
                     /gene_synonym="HUMNDME; MES"
                     /inference="alignment:Splign:2.1.0"
     CDS             98..1816
                     /gene="ME1"
                     /gene_synonym="HUMNDME; MES"
                     /EC_number="1.1.1.40"
                     /note="pyruvic-malic carboxylase; Malic enzyme,
                     cytoplasmic; malic enzyme 1, soluble; NADP-ME; malic
                     enzyme 1, NADP(+)-dependent, cytosolic; malate
                     dehydrogenase (oxaloacetate-decarboxylating) (NADP(+))"
                     /codon_start=1
                     /product="NADP-dependent malic enzyme"
                     /protein_id="NP_002386.1"
                     /db_xref="CCDS:CCDS34492.1"
                     /db_xref="GeneID:4199"
                     /db_xref="HGNC:HGNC:6983"
                     /db_xref="MIM:154250"
                     /translation="MEPEAPRRRHTHQRGYLLTRNPHLNKDLAFTLEERQQLNIHGLL
                     PPSFNSQEIQVLRVVKNFEHLNSDFDRYLLLMDLQDRNEKLFYRVLTSDIEKFMPIVY
                     TPTVGLACQQYSLVFRKPRGLFITIHDRGHIASVLNAWPEDVIKAIVVTDGERILGLG
                     DLGCNGMGIPVGKLALYTACGGMNPQECLPVILDVGTENEELLKDPLYIGLRQRRVRG
                     SEYDDFLDEFMEAVSSKYGMNCLIQFEDFANVNAFRLLNKYRNQYCTFNDDIQGTASV
                     AVAGLLAALRITKNKLSDQTILFQGAGEAALGIAHLIVMALEKEGLPKEKAIKKIWLV
                     DSKGLIVKGRASLTQEKEKFAHEHEEMKNLEAIVQEIKPTALIGVAAIGGAFSEQILK
                     DMAAFNERPIIFALSNPTSKAECSAEQCYKITKGRAIFASGSPFDPVTLPNGQTLYPG
                     QGNNSYVFPGVALGVVACGLRQITDNIFLTTAEVIAQQVSDKHLEEGRLYPPLNTIRD
                     VSLKIAEKIVKDAYQEKTATVYPEPQNKEAFVRSQMYSTDYDQILPDCYSWPEEVQKI
                     QTKVDQ"
     exon            176..309
                     /gene="ME1"
                     /gene_synonym="HUMNDME; MES"
                     /inference="alignment:Splign:2.1.0"
     exon            310..459
                     /gene="ME1"
                     /gene_synonym="HUMNDME; MES"
                     /inference="alignment:Splign:2.1.0"
     exon            460..535
                     /gene="ME1"
                     /gene_synonym="HUMNDME; MES"
                     /inference="alignment:Splign:2.1.0"
     exon            536..697
                     /gene="ME1"
                     /gene_synonym="HUMNDME; MES"
                     /inference="alignment:Splign:2.1.0"
     exon            698..801
                     /gene="ME1"
                     /gene_synonym="HUMNDME; MES"
                     /inference="alignment:Splign:2.1.0"
     exon            802..911
                     /gene="ME1"
                     /gene_synonym="HUMNDME; MES"
                     /inference="alignment:Splign:2.1.0"
     exon            912..1009
                     /gene="ME1"
                     /gene_synonym="HUMNDME; MES"
                     /inference="alignment:Splign:2.1.0"
     exon            1010..1123
                     /gene="ME1"
                     /gene_synonym="HUMNDME; MES"
                     /inference="alignment:Splign:2.1.0"
     exon            1124..1229
                     /gene="ME1"
                     /gene_synonym="HUMNDME; MES"
                     /inference="alignment:Splign:2.1.0"
     exon            1230..1372
                     /gene="ME1"
                     /gene_synonym="HUMNDME; MES"
                     /inference="alignment:Splign:2.1.0"
     exon            1373..1546
                     /gene="ME1"
                     /gene_synonym="HUMNDME; MES"
                     /inference="alignment:Splign:2.1.0"
     exon            1547..1645
                     /gene="ME1"
                     /gene_synonym="HUMNDME; MES"
                     /inference="alignment:Splign:2.1.0"
     exon            1646..3338
                     /gene="ME1"
                     /gene_synonym="HUMNDME; MES"
                     /inference="alignment:Splign:2.1.0"
     regulatory      2133..2138
                     /regulatory_class="polyA_signal_sequence"
                     /gene="ME1"
                     /gene_synonym="HUMNDME; MES"
                     /note="hexamer: AATAAA"
     polyA_site      2163
                     /gene="ME1"
                     /gene_synonym="HUMNDME; MES"
                     /note="major polyA site"
     regulatory      3292..3297
                     /regulatory_class="polyA_signal_sequence"
                     /gene="ME1"
                     /gene_synonym="HUMNDME; MES"
                     /note="hexamer: ATTAAA"
     regulatory      3312..3317
                     /regulatory_class="polyA_signal_sequence"
                     /gene="ME1"
                     /gene_synonym="HUMNDME; MES"
                     /note="hexamer: AATGAA"
     regulatory      3316..3321
                     /regulatory_class="polyA_signal_sequence"
                     /gene="ME1"
                     /gene_synonym="HUMNDME; MES"
                     /note="hexamer: AATAAA"
     polyA_site      3323
                     /gene="ME1"
                     /gene_synonym="HUMNDME; MES"
     polyA_site      3330
                     /gene="ME1"
                     /gene_synonym="HUMNDME; MES"
     polyA_site      3338
                     /gene="ME1"
                     /gene_synonym="HUMNDME; MES"
ORIGIN      
        1 agctgcagtc agcaccgtca ccccagcagc atccgccgcc tgcaccgcgc gtgcggcccg
       61 ccccggcctg accccgccgc cgaacccggc gccagccatg gagcccgaag ccccccgtcg
      121 ccgccacacc catcagcgcg gctacctgct gacacggaac cctcacctca acaaggactt
      181 ggcctttacc ctggaagaga gacagcaatt gaacattcat ggattgttgc caccttcctt
      241 caacagtcag gagatccagg ttcttagagt agtaaaaaat ttcgagcatc tgaactctga
      301 ctttgacagg tatcttctct taatggatct ccaagataga aatgaaaaac tcttttatag
      361 agtgctgaca tctgacattg agaaattcat gcctattgtt tatactccca ctgtgggtct
      421 ggcttgccaa caatatagtt tggtgtttcg gaagccaaga ggtctcttta ttactatcca
      481 cgatcgaggg catattgctt cagttctcaa tgcatggcca gaagatgtca tcaaggccat
      541 tgtggtgact gatggagagc gtattcttgg cttgggagac cttggctgta atggaatggg
      601 catccctgtg ggtaaattgg ctctatatac agcttgcgga gggatgaatc ctcaagaatg
      661 tctgcctgtc attctggatg tgggaaccga aaatgaggag ttacttaaag atccactcta
      721 cattggacta cggcagagaa gagtaagagg ttctgaatat gatgattttt tggacgaatt
      781 catggaggca gtttcttcca agtatggcat gaattgcctt attcagtttg aagattttgc
      841 caatgtgaat gcatttcgtc tcctgaacaa gtatcgaaac cagtattgca cattcaatga
      901 tgatattcaa ggaacagcat ctgttgcagt tgcaggtctc cttgcagctc ttcgaataac
      961 caagaacaaa ctgtctgatc aaacaatact attccaagga gctggagagg ctgccctagg
     1021 gattgcacac ctgattgtga tggccttgga aaaagaaggt ttaccaaaag agaaagccat
     1081 caaaaagata tggctggttg attcaaaagg attaatagtt aagggacgtg cttccttaac
     1141 acaagagaaa gagaagtttg cccatgaaca tgaagaaatg aagaacctag aagccattgt
     1201 tcaagaaata aaaccaactg ccctcatagg agttgctgca attggtggtg cattctcaga
     1261 acaaattctc aaagatatgg ctgccttcaa tgaacggcct attatttttg ctttgagtaa
     1321 tccaactagc aaagcagaat gttctgcaga gcagtgctac aaaataacca agggacgtgc
     1381 aatttttgcc agtggcagtc cttttgatcc agtcactctt ccaaatggac agaccctata
     1441 tcctggccaa ggcaacaatt cctatgtgtt ccctggagtt gctcttggtg ttgtggcgtg
     1501 tggattgagg cagatcacag ataatatttt cctcactact gctgaggtta tagctcagca
     1561 agtgtcagat aaacacttgg aagagggtcg gctttatcct cctttgaata ccattagaga
     1621 tgtttctctg aaaattgcag aaaagattgt gaaagatgca taccaagaaa agacagccac
     1681 agtttatcct gaaccgcaaa acaaagaagc atttgtccgc tcccagatgt atagtactga
     1741 ttatgaccag attctacctg attgttattc ttggcctgaa gaggtgcaga aaatacagac
     1801 caaagttgac cagtaggata atagcaaaca tttctaactc tattaatgag gtctttaaac
     1861 ctttcataat ttttaaaggt tggaatcttt tataatgatt cataagacac ttagattaag
     1921 attttacttt aacagtctaa aaattgatag aagaatatcg atataaattg ggataaacat
     1981 cacatgagac aattttgctt cactttgcct tctggttatt tatggtttct gtctgaatta
     2041 ttctgcctac gttctcttta aaagctgttg tacgtactac ggagaaactc atcattttta
     2101 tacaggacac taatgggaag accaaaatta ctaataaatt gacataacca acattaaaac
     2161 tcataattat tttgttgacc attttgttaa aatctacttt tcaaaaaaaa aaagctagaa
     2221 atgaatctag gcgtaggtga acttttgcta agcagaaata acactacttt gttgcctaga
     2281 gaaagataac ttctcaagta tttttattcc agtcctagat catatatgtt cttttgtgca
     2341 acggaattct aacagttcta agagaaagat cactgctgtt tacagcgcct tgtgcagcct
     2401 tagattttaa tattcttttg tcattgttac atctcataga gtaaagctct tattaccttg
     2461 atcctgagtc agaaatccca cctgaaatca ccttttttcc cccttgatca aacatcccat
     2521 ccttcagcta ccatactgtt gctacaggga ttttgtggac tgtggcccct gtcccgaggt
     2581 tggcaccttc agttcagcac agcctgagca gtgagaaggt ctgaaaggag agtatatagt
     2641 taagatcctt gagaaagggc tgcctgagga actgacctct taaagatctc aggatcttta
     2701 agacaacaag ttaggttcct actggagtta cctgccagaa tggcctctta attaactcag
     2761 gtaatgaaga gctaactgtg ttataatcat cttgcttttg cctgaatttg gagaaagtat
     2821 tataattaag ttcccagtat cagaaatgtc cttacataag attaaaatat cttgatgact
     2881 aataccattc tatgagaaag agtagttata tgcccagact gtattaattt actttagaaa
     2941 ctaatgtttg aagtaatgga aaaaatttta aattataaag ctaaggtgca ataacatttg
     3001 ctacttattt atagaattat ttgaagaatt ttgtttttga agtaatgctt taaggagtat
     3061 aagatattca agataaatta tactataaaa tgattttatt gaaagttgaa ggttacacaa
     3121 attgttttag gtatgagcag aagaggttaa ggtatttcta aaggtaacat atagtcaaga
     3181 gtttcctcaa aatagttatt tggagaagaa tcagaatgtc tgtgtatttc ttgtctgttt
     3241 ctatgttgtc ttatagctct gactaaatgt gtttacctat gcaaaagatt tattaaagca
     3301 tagaaaaggt gaatgaataa aaatataaaa taattgtc
//
