LOCUS       NM_002391                830 bp    mRNA    linear   PRI 07-APR-2024
DEFINITION  Homo sapiens midkine (MDK), transcript variant 3, mRNA.
ACCESSION   NM_002391
VERSION     NM_002391.6
KEYWORDS    RefSeq; MANE Select.
SOURCE      Homo sapiens (human)
  ORGANISM  Homo sapiens
            Eukaryota; Metazoa; Chordata; Craniata; Vertebrata; Euteleostomi;
            Mammalia; Eutheria; Euarchontoglires; Primates; Haplorrhini;
            Catarrhini; Hominidae; Homo.
REFERENCE   1  (bases 1 to 830)
  AUTHORS   Muramatsu,T.
  TITLE     Midkine, a heparin-binding cytokine with multiple roles in
            development, repair and diseases
  JOURNAL   Proc Jpn Acad Ser B Phys Biol Sci 86 (4), 410-425 (2010)
   PUBMED   20431264
  REMARK    Review article
REFERENCE   2  (bases 1 to 830)
  AUTHORS   Tao,P., Xu,D., Lin,S., Ouyang,G.L., Chang,Y., Chen,Q., Yuan,Y.,
            Zhuo,X., Luo,Q., Li,J., Li,B., Ruan,L., Li,Q. and Li,Z.
  TITLE     Abnormal expression, highly efficient detection and novel
            truncations of midkine in human tumors, cancers and cell lines
  JOURNAL   Cancer Lett 253 (1), 60-67 (2007)
   PUBMED   17379400
REFERENCE   3  (bases 1 to 830)
  AUTHORS   Iwasaki,W., Nagata,K., Hatanaka,H., Inui,T., Kimura,T.,
            Muramatsu,T., Yoshida,K., Tasumi,M. and Inagaki,F.
  TITLE     Solution structure of midkine, a new heparin-binding growth factor
  JOURNAL   EMBO J 16 (23), 6936-6946 (1997)
   PUBMED   9384573
REFERENCE   4  (bases 1 to 830)
  AUTHORS   Novotny,W.F., Maffi,T., Mehta,R.L. and Milner,P.G.
  TITLE     Identification of novel heparin-releasable proteins, as well as the
            cytokines midkine and pleiotrophin, in human postheparin plasma
  JOURNAL   Arterioscler Thromb 13 (12), 1798-1805 (1993)
   PUBMED   8241100
REFERENCE   5  (bases 1 to 830)
  AUTHORS   Kaname,T., Kuwano,A., Murano,I., Uehara,K., Muramatsu,T. and
            Kajii,T.
  TITLE     Midkine gene (MDK), a gene for prenatal differentiation and
            neuroregulation, maps to band 11p11.2 by fluorescence in situ
            hybridization
  JOURNAL   Genomics 17 (2), 514-515 (1993)
   PUBMED   8406506
REFERENCE   6  (bases 1 to 830)
  AUTHORS   Fairhurst,J.L., Kretschmer,P.J., Kovacs,E., Bohlen,P. and
            Kovesdi,I.
  TITLE     Structure of the gene coding for the human retinoic acid-inducible
            factor, MK
  JOURNAL   DNA Cell Biol 12 (2), 139-147 (1993)
   PUBMED   8471163
REFERENCE   7  (bases 1 to 830)
  AUTHORS   Uehara,K., Matsubara,S., Kadomatsu,K., Tsutsui,J. and Muramatsu,T.
  TITLE     Genomic structure of human midkine (MK), a retinoic acid-responsive
            growth/differentiation factor
  JOURNAL   J Biochem 111 (5), 563-567 (1992)
   PUBMED   1639750
REFERENCE   8  (bases 1 to 830)
  AUTHORS   Shoyab,M., McDonald,V.L., Dick,K., Modrell,B., Malik,N. and
            Plowman,G.D.
  TITLE     Amphiregulin-associated protein: complete amino acid sequence of a
            protein produced by the
            12-0-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate-treated human breast
            adenocarcinoma cell line MCF-7
  JOURNAL   Biochem Biophys Res Commun 179 (1), 572-578 (1991)
   PUBMED   1883381
REFERENCE   9  (bases 1 to 830)
  AUTHORS   Tsutsui,J., Uehara,K., Kadomatsu,K., Matsubara,S. and Muramatsu,T.
  TITLE     A new family of heparin-binding factors: strong conservation of
            midkine (MK) sequences between the human and the mouse
  JOURNAL   Biochem Biophys Res Commun 176 (2), 792-797 (1991)
   PUBMED   2025291
REFERENCE   10 (bases 1 to 830)
  AUTHORS   Kretschmer,P.J., Fairhurst,J.L., Decker,M.M., Chan,C.P.,
            Gluzman,Y., Bohlen,P. and Kovesdi,I.
  TITLE     Cloning, characterization and developmental regulation of two
            members of a novel human gene family of neurite outgrowth-promoting
            proteins
  JOURNAL   Growth Factors 5 (2), 99-114 (1991)
   PUBMED   1768439
COMMENT     REVIEWED REFSEQ: This record has been curated by NCBI staff. The
            reference sequence was derived from BM887813.1, AC116021.5 and
            BC011704.2.
            
            On Aug 14, 2020 this sequence version replaced NM_002391.5.
            
            Summary: This gene encodes a member of a small family of secreted
            growth factors that binds heparin and responds to retinoic acid.
            The encoded protein promotes cell growth, migration, and
            angiogenesis, in particular during tumorigenesis. This gene has
            been targeted as a therapeutic for a variety of different
            disorders. Alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding
            multiple isoforms have been observed. [provided by RefSeq, Jul
            2012].
            
            Transcript Variant: This variant (3) differs in the 5' UTR,
            compared to variant 1. Variants 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5 encode the same
            isoform (a).
            
            Publication Note:  This RefSeq record includes a subset of the
            publications that are available for this gene. Please see the Gene
            record to access additional publications.
            
            ##Evidence-Data-START##
            Transcript exon combination :: BC011704.2, BM913540.1 [ECO:0000332]
            RNAseq introns              :: single sample supports all introns
                                           SAMEA1966682, SAMEA1968189
                                           [ECO:0000348]
            ##Evidence-Data-END##
            
            ##RefSeq-Attributes-START##
            MANE Ensembl match     :: ENST00000395566.9/ ENSP00000378933.4
            RefSeq Select criteria :: based on conservation, expression,
                                      longest protein
            ##RefSeq-Attributes-END##
            COMPLETENESS: complete on the 3' end.
PRIMARY     REFSEQ_SPAN         PRIMARY_IDENTIFIER PRIMARY_SPAN        COMP
            1-28                BM887813.1         15-42
            29-29               AC116021.5         148208-148208
            30-55               BM887813.1         44-69
            56-830              BC011704.2         1-775
FEATURES             Location/Qualifiers
     source          1..830
                     /organism="Homo sapiens"
                     /mol_type="mRNA"
                     /db_xref="taxon:9606"
                     /chromosome="11"
                     /map="11p11.2"
     gene            1..830
                     /gene="MDK"
                     /gene_synonym="ARAP; MK; NEGF2"
                     /note="midkine"
                     /db_xref="GeneID:4192"
                     /db_xref="HGNC:HGNC:6972"
                     /db_xref="MIM:162096"
     exon            1..90
                     /gene="MDK"
                     /gene_synonym="ARAP; MK; NEGF2"
                     /inference="alignment:Splign:2.1.0"
     exon            91..167
                     /gene="MDK"
                     /gene_synonym="ARAP; MK; NEGF2"
                     /inference="alignment:Splign:2.1.0"
     CDS             92..523
                     /gene="MDK"
                     /gene_synonym="ARAP; MK; NEGF2"
                     /note="isoform a precursor is encoded by transcript
                     variant 3; amphiregulin-associated protein; midgestation
                     and kidney protein; neurite outgrowth-promoting factor 2;
                     retinoic acid inducible factor; neurite growth-promoting
                     factor 2"
                     /codon_start=1
                     /product="midkine isoform a precursor"
                     /protein_id="NP_002382.1"
                     /db_xref="CCDS:CCDS7919.1"
                     /db_xref="GeneID:4192"
                     /db_xref="HGNC:HGNC:6972"
                     /db_xref="MIM:162096"
                     /translation="MQHRGFLLLTLLALLALTSAVAKKKDKVKKGGPGSECAEWAWGP
                     CTPSSKDCGVGFREGTCGAQTQRIRCRVPCNWKKEFGADCKYKFENWGACDGGTGTKV
                     RQGTLKKARYNAQCQETIRVTKPCTPKTKAKAKAKKGKGKD"
     exon            168..335
                     /gene="MDK"
                     /gene_synonym="ARAP; MK; NEGF2"
                     /inference="alignment:Splign:2.1.0"
     exon            336..497
                     /gene="MDK"
                     /gene_synonym="ARAP; MK; NEGF2"
                     /inference="alignment:Splign:2.1.0"
     exon            498..830
                     /gene="MDK"
                     /gene_synonym="ARAP; MK; NEGF2"
                     /inference="alignment:Splign:2.1.0"
     regulatory      807..812
                     /regulatory_class="polyA_signal_sequence"
                     /gene="MDK"
                     /gene_synonym="ARAP; MK; NEGF2"
                     /note="hexamer: AATAAA"
     polyA_site      830
                     /gene="MDK"
                     /gene_synonym="ARAP; MK; NEGF2"
                     /note="major polyA site"
ORIGIN      
        1 agaccggttc tggagacaaa aggggccgcg gcggccggag cgggacgggc ccggcgcggg
       61 agggagcgaa gcagcgcggg cagcgagcga gatgcagcac cgaggcttcc tcctcctcac
      121 cctcctcgcc ctgctggcgc tcacctccgc ggtcgccaaa aagaaagata aggtgaagaa
      181 gggcggcccg gggagcgagt gcgctgagtg ggcctggggg ccctgcaccc ccagcagcaa
      241 ggattgcggc gtgggtttcc gcgagggcac ctgcggggcc cagacccagc gcatccggtg
      301 cagggtgccc tgcaactgga agaaggagtt tggagccgac tgcaagtaca agtttgagaa
      361 ctggggtgcg tgtgatgggg gcacaggcac caaagtccgc caaggcaccc tgaagaaggc
      421 gcgctacaat gctcagtgcc aggagaccat ccgcgtcacc aagccctgca cccccaagac
      481 caaagcaaag gccaaagcca agaaagggaa gggaaaggac tagacgccaa gcctggatgc
      541 caaggagccc ctggtgtcac atggggcctg gcccacgccc tccctctccc aggcccgaga
      601 tgtgacccac cagtgccttc tgtctgctcg ttagctttaa tcaatcatgc cctgccttgt
      661 ccctctcact ccccagcccc acccctaagt gcccaaagtg gggagggaca agggattctg
      721 ggaagcttga gcctccccca aagcaatgtg agtcccagag cccgcttttg ttcttcccca
      781 caattccatt actaagaaac acatcaaata aactgacttt ttccccccaa
//
