LOCUS       NM_002343               2721 bp    mRNA    linear   PRI 11-SEP-2024
DEFINITION  Homo sapiens lactotransferrin (LTF), transcript variant 1, mRNA.
ACCESSION   NM_002343
VERSION     NM_002343.6
KEYWORDS    RefSeq; MANE Select.
SOURCE      Homo sapiens (human)
  ORGANISM  Homo sapiens
            Eukaryota; Metazoa; Chordata; Craniata; Vertebrata; Euteleostomi;
            Mammalia; Eutheria; Euarchontoglires; Primates; Haplorrhini;
            Catarrhini; Hominidae; Homo.
REFERENCE   1  (bases 1 to 2721)
  AUTHORS   Wang,J., Xiu,M., Wang,J., Gao,Y. and Li,Y.
  TITLE     METTL16-SENP3-LTF axis confers ferroptosis resistance and
            facilitates tumorigenesis in hepatocellular carcinoma
  JOURNAL   J Hematol Oncol 17 (1), 78 (2024)
   PUBMED   39218945
  REMARK    GeneRIF: METTL16-SENP3-LTF axis confers ferroptosis resistance and
            facilitates tumorigenesis in hepatocellular carcinoma.
            Publication Status: Online-Only
REFERENCE   2  (bases 1 to 2721)
  AUTHORS   Li,Y., Pan,J., Li,H., Liu,Q., Ma,F., Xiao,L. and Zeng,X.
  TITLE     Association between LTF/MMP20/CA6/TAS1R2 polymorphisms and
            susceptibility to dental caries
  JOURNAL   Clin Oral Investig 28 (9), 508 (2024)
   PUBMED   39212776
  REMARK    GeneRIF: Association between LTF/MMP20/CA6/TAS1R2 polymorphisms and
            susceptibility to dental caries.
            Publication Status: Online-Only
REFERENCE   3  (bases 1 to 2721)
  AUTHORS   Jenssen,H. and Hancock,R.E.
  TITLE     Antimicrobial properties of lactoferrin
  JOURNAL   Biochimie 91 (1), 19-29 (2009)
   PUBMED   18573312
  REMARK    GeneRIF: Lactoferrin is an iron binding protein that also has
            antimicrobial, antiviral, antifungal and antiparasitic activity.
            Review article
REFERENCE   4  (bases 1 to 2721)
  AUTHORS   Liu,D., Wang,X., Zhang,Z. and Teng,C.T.
  TITLE     An intronic alternative promoter of the human lactoferrin gene is
            activated by Ets
  JOURNAL   Biochem Biophys Res Commun 301 (2), 472-479 (2003)
   PUBMED   12565886
  REMARK    GeneRIF: Results identify the transcription start sites of the
            Delta lactoferrin (delta LF) in mammary gland and bone marrow and
            demonstrated that delta LF is the product of an alternative
            promoter present in the first intron of the lactoferrin gene.
REFERENCE   5  (bases 1 to 2721)
  AUTHORS   Viejo-Diaz,M., Andres,M.T., Perez-Gil,J., Sanchez,M. and
            Fierro,J.F.
  TITLE     Potassium efflux induced by a new lactoferrin-derived peptide
            mimicking the effect of native human lactoferrin on the bacterial
            cytoplasmic membrane
  JOURNAL   Biochemistry (Mosc) 68 (2), 217-227 (2003)
   PUBMED   12693969
REFERENCE   6  (bases 1 to 2721)
  AUTHORS   Siebert,P.D. and Huang,B.C.
  TITLE     Identification of an alternative form of human lactoferrin mRNA
            that is expressed differentially in normal tissues and
            tumor-derived cell lines
  JOURNAL   Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 94 (6), 2198-2203 (1997)
   PUBMED   9122171
REFERENCE   7  (bases 1 to 2721)
  AUTHORS   Legrand,D., Mazurier,J., Elass,A., Rochard,E., Vergoten,G.,
            Maes,P., Montreuil,J. and Spik,G.
  TITLE     Molecular interactions between human lactotransferrin and the
            phytohemagglutinin-activated human lymphocyte lactotransferrin
            receptor lie in two loop-containing regions of the N-terminal
            domain I of human lactotransferrin
  JOURNAL   Biochemistry 31 (38), 9243-9251 (1992)
   PUBMED   1327110
REFERENCE   8  (bases 1 to 2721)
  AUTHORS   Rey,M.W., Woloshuk,S.L., deBoer,H.A. and Pieper,F.R.
  TITLE     Complete nucleotide sequence of human mammary gland lactoferrin
  JOURNAL   Nucleic Acids Res 18 (17), 5288 (1990)
   PUBMED   2402455
REFERENCE   9  (bases 1 to 2721)
  AUTHORS   Powell,M.J. and Ogden,J.E.
  TITLE     Nucleotide sequence of human lactoferrin cDNA
  JOURNAL   Nucleic Acids Res 18 (13), 4013 (1990)
   PUBMED   2374734
REFERENCE   10 (bases 1 to 2721)
  AUTHORS   Rado,T.A., Wei,X.P. and Benz,E.J. Jr.
  TITLE     Isolation of lactoferrin cDNA from a human myeloid library and
            expression of mRNA during normal and leukemic myelopoiesis
  JOURNAL   Blood 70 (4), 989-993 (1987)
   PUBMED   3477300
COMMENT     REVIEWED REFSEQ: This record has been curated by NCBI staff. The
            reference sequence was derived from BP342557.1, X52941.1,
            EU794669.1 and AC098613.2.
            This sequence is a reference standard in the RefSeqGene project.
            
            On May 17, 2019 this sequence version replaced NM_002343.5.
            
            Summary: This gene is a member of the transferrin family of genes
            and its protein product is found in the secondary granules of
            neutrophils. The protein is a major iron-binding protein in milk
            and body secretions with an antimicrobial activity, making it an
            important component of the non-specific immune system. The protein
            demonstrates a broad spectrum of properties, including regulation
            of iron homeostasis, host defense against a broad range of
            microbial infections, anti-inflammatory activity, regulation of
            cellular growth and differentiation and protection against cancer
            development and metastasis. Antimicrobial, antiviral, antifungal
            and antiparasitic activity has been found for this protein and its
            peptides. Activity against both DNA and RNA viruses has been found,
            including activity against SARS-CoV-2, and HIV. [provided by
            RefSeq, Jul 2021].
            
            Transcript Variant: This variant (1) encodes the longest isoform
            (1).
            
            Publication Note:  This RefSeq record includes a subset of the
            publications that are available for this gene. Please see the Gene
            record to access additional publications.
            
            ##Evidence-Data-START##
            Transcript exon combination :: EU794669.1, AK292813.1 [ECO:0000332]
            RNAseq introns              :: single sample supports all introns
                                           SAMEA2149004, SAMEA2151887
                                           [ECO:0000348]
            ##Evidence-Data-END##
            
            ##RefSeq-Attributes-START##
            coronavirus related                :: involved in immune response
                                                  or antiviral activity
            MANE Ensembl match                 :: ENST00000231751.9/
                                                  ENSP00000231751.4
            Protein has antimicrobial activity :: PMID: 18573312
            RefSeq Select criteria             :: based on conservation,
                                                  expression, longest protein
            ##RefSeq-Attributes-END##
            COMPLETENESS: complete on the 3' end.
PRIMARY     REFSEQ_SPAN         PRIMARY_IDENTIFIER PRIMARY_SPAN        COMP
            1-44                BP342557.1         204-247
            45-106              X52941.1           1-62
            107-2258            X52941.1           66-2217
            2259-2361           EU794669.1         2259-2361
            2362-2721           AC098613.2         92174-92533         c
FEATURES             Location/Qualifiers
     source          1..2721
                     /organism="Homo sapiens"
                     /mol_type="mRNA"
                     /db_xref="taxon:9606"
                     /chromosome="3"
                     /map="3p21.31"
     gene            1..2721
                     /gene="LTF"
                     /gene_synonym="GIG12; HEL110; HLF2; LF"
                     /note="lactotransferrin"
                     /db_xref="GeneID:4057"
                     /db_xref="HGNC:HGNC:6720"
                     /db_xref="MIM:150210"
     exon            1..81
                     /gene="LTF"
                     /gene_synonym="GIG12; HEL110; HLF2; LF"
                     /inference="alignment:Splign:2.1.0"
     CDS             39..2171
                     /gene="LTF"
                     /gene_synonym="GIG12; HEL110; HLF2; LF"
                     /note="isoform 1 preproprotein is encoded by transcript
                     variant 1; talalactoferrin; neutrophil lactoferrin;
                     growth-inhibiting protein 12; epididymis luminal protein
                     110; kaliocin-1; lactoferroxin; lactoferricin"
                     /codon_start=1
                     /product="lactotransferrin isoform 1 preproprotein"
                     /protein_id="NP_002334.2"
                     /db_xref="CCDS:CCDS33747.1"
                     /db_xref="GeneID:4057"
                     /db_xref="HGNC:HGNC:6720"
                     /db_xref="MIM:150210"
                     /translation="MKLVFLVLLFLGALGLCLAGRRRSVQWCAVSQPEATKCFQWQRN
                     MRKVRGPPVSCIKRDSPIQCIQAIAENRADAVTLDGGFIYEAGLAPYKLRPVAAEVYG
                     TERQPRTHYYAVAVVKKGGSFQLNELQGLKSCHTGLRRTAGWNVPIGTLRPFLNWTGP
                     PEPIEAAVARFFSASCVPGADKGQFPNLCRLCAGTGENKCAFSSQEPYFSYSGAFKCL
                     RDGAGDVAFIRESTVFEDLSDEAERDEYELLCPDNTRKPVDKFKDCHLARVPSHAVVA
                     RSVNGKEDAIWNLLRQAQEKFGKDKSPKFQLFGSPSGQKDLLFKDSAIGFSRVPPRID
                     SGLYLGSGYFTAIQNLRKSEEEVAARRARVVWCAVGEQELRKCNQWSGLSEGSVTCSS
                     ASTTEDCIALVLKGEADAMSLDGGYVYTAGKCGLVPVLAENYKSQQSSDPDPNCVDRP
                     VEGYLAVAVVRRSDTSLTWNSVKGKKSCHTAVDRTAGWNIPMGLLFNQTGSCKFDEYF
                     SQSCAPGSDPRSNLCALCIGDEQGENKCVPNSNERYYGYTGAFRCLAENAGDVAFVKD
                     VTVLQNTDGNNNEAWAKDLKLADFALLCLDGKRKPVTEARSCHLAMAPNHAVVSRMDK
                     VERLKQVLLHQQAKFGRNGSDCPDKFCLFQSETKNLLFNDNTECLARLHGKTTYEKYL
                     GPQYVAGITNLKKCSTSPLLEACEFLRK"
     exon            82..245
                     /gene="LTF"
                     /gene_synonym="GIG12; HEL110; HLF2; LF"
                     /inference="alignment:Splign:2.1.0"
     exon            246..354
                     /gene="LTF"
                     /gene_synonym="GIG12; HEL110; HLF2; LF"
                     /inference="alignment:Splign:2.1.0"
     exon            355..537
                     /gene="LTF"
                     /gene_synonym="GIG12; HEL110; HLF2; LF"
                     /inference="alignment:Splign:2.1.0"
     exon            538..685
                     /gene="LTF"
                     /gene_synonym="GIG12; HEL110; HLF2; LF"
                     /inference="alignment:Splign:2.1.0"
     exon            686..741
                     /gene="LTF"
                     /gene_synonym="GIG12; HEL110; HLF2; LF"
                     /inference="alignment:Splign:2.1.0"
     exon            742..920
                     /gene="LTF"
                     /gene_synonym="GIG12; HEL110; HLF2; LF"
                     /inference="alignment:Splign:2.1.0"
     exon            921..1095
                     /gene="LTF"
                     /gene_synonym="GIG12; HEL110; HLF2; LF"
                     /inference="alignment:Splign:2.1.0"
     exon            1096..1250
                     /gene="LTF"
                     /gene_synonym="GIG12; HEL110; HLF2; LF"
                     /inference="alignment:Splign:2.1.0"
     exon            1251..1341
                     /gene="LTF"
                     /gene_synonym="GIG12; HEL110; HLF2; LF"
                     /inference="alignment:Splign:2.1.0"
     exon            1342..1395
                     /gene="LTF"
                     /gene_synonym="GIG12; HEL110; HLF2; LF"
                     /inference="alignment:Splign:2.1.0"
     exon            1396..1551
                     /gene="LTF"
                     /gene_synonym="GIG12; HEL110; HLF2; LF"
                     /inference="alignment:Splign:2.1.0"
     exon            1552..1693
                     /gene="LTF"
                     /gene_synonym="GIG12; HEL110; HLF2; LF"
                     /inference="alignment:Splign:2.1.0"
     exon            1694..1761
                     /gene="LTF"
                     /gene_synonym="GIG12; HEL110; HLF2; LF"
                     /inference="alignment:Splign:2.1.0"
     exon            1762..1946
                     /gene="LTF"
                     /gene_synonym="GIG12; HEL110; HLF2; LF"
                     /inference="alignment:Splign:2.1.0"
     exon            1947..2136
                     /gene="LTF"
                     /gene_synonym="GIG12; HEL110; HLF2; LF"
                     /inference="alignment:Splign:2.1.0"
     exon            2137..2721
                     /gene="LTF"
                     /gene_synonym="GIG12; HEL110; HLF2; LF"
                     /inference="alignment:Splign:2.1.0"
     regulatory      2326..2331
                     /regulatory_class="polyA_signal_sequence"
                     /gene="LTF"
                     /gene_synonym="GIG12; HEL110; HLF2; LF"
                     /note="hexamer: AGTAAA"
     polyA_site      2348
                     /gene="LTF"
                     /gene_synonym="GIG12; HEL110; HLF2; LF"
                     /note="major polyA site"
     regulatory      2360..2365
                     /regulatory_class="polyA_signal_sequence"
                     /gene="LTF"
                     /gene_synonym="GIG12; HEL110; HLF2; LF"
                     /note="hexamer: TATAAA"
     polyA_site      2387
                     /gene="LTF"
                     /gene_synonym="GIG12; HEL110; HLF2; LF"
ORIGIN      
        1 agagccttcg tttgccaagt cgcctccaga ccgcagacat gaaacttgtc ttcctcgtcc
       61 tgctgttcct cggggccctc ggactgtgtc tggctggccg taggaggagt gttcagtggt
      121 gcgccgtatc ccaacccgag gccacaaaat gcttccaatg gcaaaggaat atgagaaaag
      181 tgcgtggccc tcctgtcagc tgcataaaga gagactcccc catccagtgt atccaggcca
      241 ttgcggaaaa cagggccgat gctgtgaccc ttgatggtgg tttcatatac gaggcaggcc
      301 tggcccccta caaactgcga cctgtagcgg cggaagtcta cgggaccgaa agacagccac
      361 gaactcacta ttatgccgtg gctgtggtga agaagggcgg cagctttcag ctgaacgaac
      421 tgcaaggtct gaagtcctgc cacacaggcc ttcgcaggac cgctggatgg aatgtcccta
      481 tagggacact tcgtccattc ttgaattgga cgggtccacc tgagcccatt gaggcagctg
      541 tggccaggtt cttctcagcc agctgtgttc ccggtgcaga taaaggacag ttccccaacc
      601 tgtgtcgcct gtgtgcgggg acaggggaaa acaaatgtgc cttctcctcc caggaaccgt
      661 acttcagcta ctctggtgcc ttcaagtgtc tgagagacgg ggctggagac gtggctttta
      721 tcagagagag cacagtgttt gaggacctgt cagacgaggc tgaaagggac gagtatgagt
      781 tactctgccc agacaacact cggaagccag tggacaagtt caaagactgc catctggccc
      841 gggtcccttc tcatgccgtt gtggcacgaa gtgtgaatgg caaggaggat gccatctgga
      901 atcttctccg ccaggcacag gaaaagtttg gaaaggacaa gtcaccgaaa ttccagctct
      961 ttggctcccc tagtgggcag aaagatctgc tgttcaagga ctctgccatt gggttttcga
     1021 gggtgccccc gaggatagat tctgggctgt accttggctc cggctacttc actgccatcc
     1081 agaacttgag gaaaagtgag gaggaagtgg ctgcccggcg tgcgcgggtc gtgtggtgtg
     1141 cggtgggcga gcaggagctg cgcaagtgta accagtggag tggcttgagc gaaggcagcg
     1201 tgacctgctc ctcggcctcc accacagagg actgcatcgc cctggtgctg aaaggagaag
     1261 ctgatgccat gagtttggat ggaggatatg tgtacactgc aggcaaatgt ggtttggtgc
     1321 ctgtcctggc agagaactac aaatcccaac aaagcagtga ccctgatcct aactgtgtgg
     1381 atagacctgt ggaaggatat cttgctgtgg cggtggttag gagatcagac actagcctta
     1441 cctggaactc tgtgaaaggc aagaagtcct gccacaccgc cgtggacagg actgcaggct
     1501 ggaatatccc catgggcctg ctcttcaacc agacgggctc ctgcaaattt gatgaatatt
     1561 tcagtcaaag ctgtgcccct gggtctgacc cgagatctaa tctctgtgct ctgtgtattg
     1621 gcgacgagca gggtgagaat aagtgcgtgc ccaacagcaa cgagagatac tacggctaca
     1681 ctggggcttt ccggtgcctg gctgagaatg ctggagacgt tgcatttgtg aaagatgtca
     1741 ctgtcttgca gaacactgat ggaaataaca atgaggcatg ggctaaggat ttgaagctgg
     1801 cagactttgc gctgctgtgc ctcgatggca aacggaagcc tgtgactgag gctagaagct
     1861 gccatcttgc catggccccg aatcatgccg tggtgtctcg gatggataag gtggaacgcc
     1921 tgaaacaggt gttgctccac caacaggcta aatttgggag aaatggatct gactgcccgg
     1981 acaagttttg cttattccag tctgaaacca aaaaccttct gttcaatgac aacactgagt
     2041 gtctggccag actccatggc aaaacaacat atgaaaaata tttgggacca cagtatgtcg
     2101 caggcattac taatctgaaa aagtgctcaa cctcccccct cctggaagcc tgtgaattcc
     2161 tcaggaagta aaaccgaaga agatggccca gctccccaag aaagcctcag ccattcactg
     2221 cccccagctc ttctccccag gtgtgttggg gccttggcct cccctgctga aggtggggat
     2281 tgcccatcca tctgcttaca attccctgct gtcgtcttag caagaagtaa aatgagaaat
     2341 tttgttgata ttctctcctt ataaagtgtc actcatcttt tctagaattt tatactgaaa
     2401 tcacatgcct gacaaaatac ctgtacagtt ggaccttccc ttccaagttt ttcaggtcca
     2461 gcccctcctc tttcttgcag tcttgggtat gatgcccaag ggtctggaat ttaaggccag
     2521 gccaagcacc ggttttccta aggggatctt gttggttatt cacatagctg tctcagtgca
     2581 cgtgcatgta tgtgcctggg agtgtgtgcg tgtccccaag gcagggcagg aagagcaagc
     2641 ataggaatta taactgaaat gtaggttcag ttgctcatca cttgcagagt ctaattaaca
     2701 agagctaggt ttggtataaa g
//
