LOCUS       NM_001321122            3212 bp    mRNA    linear   PRI 11-SEP-2024
DEFINITION  Homo sapiens lactotransferrin (LTF), transcript variant 4, mRNA.
ACCESSION   NM_001321122
VERSION     NM_001321122.2
KEYWORDS    RefSeq.
SOURCE      Homo sapiens (human)
  ORGANISM  Homo sapiens
            Eukaryota; Metazoa; Chordata; Craniata; Vertebrata; Euteleostomi;
            Mammalia; Eutheria; Euarchontoglires; Primates; Haplorrhini;
            Catarrhini; Hominidae; Homo.
REFERENCE   1  (bases 1 to 3212)
  AUTHORS   Wang,J., Xiu,M., Wang,J., Gao,Y. and Li,Y.
  TITLE     METTL16-SENP3-LTF axis confers ferroptosis resistance and
            facilitates tumorigenesis in hepatocellular carcinoma
  JOURNAL   J Hematol Oncol 17 (1), 78 (2024)
   PUBMED   39218945
  REMARK    GeneRIF: METTL16-SENP3-LTF axis confers ferroptosis resistance and
            facilitates tumorigenesis in hepatocellular carcinoma.
            Publication Status: Online-Only
REFERENCE   2  (bases 1 to 3212)
  AUTHORS   Li,Y., Pan,J., Li,H., Liu,Q., Ma,F., Xiao,L. and Zeng,X.
  TITLE     Association between LTF/MMP20/CA6/TAS1R2 polymorphisms and
            susceptibility to dental caries
  JOURNAL   Clin Oral Investig 28 (9), 508 (2024)
   PUBMED   39212776
  REMARK    GeneRIF: Association between LTF/MMP20/CA6/TAS1R2 polymorphisms and
            susceptibility to dental caries.
            Publication Status: Online-Only
REFERENCE   3  (bases 1 to 3212)
  AUTHORS   Jenssen,H. and Hancock,R.E.
  TITLE     Antimicrobial properties of lactoferrin
  JOURNAL   Biochimie 91 (1), 19-29 (2009)
   PUBMED   18573312
  REMARK    GeneRIF: Lactoferrin is an iron binding protein that also has
            antimicrobial, antiviral, antifungal and antiparasitic activity.
            Review article
REFERENCE   4  (bases 1 to 3212)
  AUTHORS   Liu,D., Wang,X., Zhang,Z. and Teng,C.T.
  TITLE     An intronic alternative promoter of the human lactoferrin gene is
            activated by Ets
  JOURNAL   Biochem Biophys Res Commun 301 (2), 472-479 (2003)
   PUBMED   12565886
  REMARK    GeneRIF: Results identify the transcription start sites of the
            Delta lactoferrin (delta LF) in mammary gland and bone marrow and
            demonstrated that delta LF is the product of an alternative
            promoter present in the first intron of the lactoferrin gene.
REFERENCE   5  (bases 1 to 3212)
  AUTHORS   Viejo-Diaz,M., Andres,M.T., Perez-Gil,J., Sanchez,M. and
            Fierro,J.F.
  TITLE     Potassium efflux induced by a new lactoferrin-derived peptide
            mimicking the effect of native human lactoferrin on the bacterial
            cytoplasmic membrane
  JOURNAL   Biochemistry (Mosc) 68 (2), 217-227 (2003)
   PUBMED   12693969
REFERENCE   6  (bases 1 to 3212)
  AUTHORS   Siebert,P.D. and Huang,B.C.
  TITLE     Identification of an alternative form of human lactoferrin mRNA
            that is expressed differentially in normal tissues and
            tumor-derived cell lines
  JOURNAL   Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 94 (6), 2198-2203 (1997)
   PUBMED   9122171
REFERENCE   7  (bases 1 to 3212)
  AUTHORS   Legrand,D., Mazurier,J., Elass,A., Rochard,E., Vergoten,G.,
            Maes,P., Montreuil,J. and Spik,G.
  TITLE     Molecular interactions between human lactotransferrin and the
            phytohemagglutinin-activated human lymphocyte lactotransferrin
            receptor lie in two loop-containing regions of the N-terminal
            domain I of human lactotransferrin
  JOURNAL   Biochemistry 31 (38), 9243-9251 (1992)
   PUBMED   1327110
REFERENCE   8  (bases 1 to 3212)
  AUTHORS   Rey,M.W., Woloshuk,S.L., deBoer,H.A. and Pieper,F.R.
  TITLE     Complete nucleotide sequence of human mammary gland lactoferrin
  JOURNAL   Nucleic Acids Res 18 (17), 5288 (1990)
   PUBMED   2402455
REFERENCE   9  (bases 1 to 3212)
  AUTHORS   Powell,M.J. and Ogden,J.E.
  TITLE     Nucleotide sequence of human lactoferrin cDNA
  JOURNAL   Nucleic Acids Res 18 (13), 4013 (1990)
   PUBMED   2374734
REFERENCE   10 (bases 1 to 3212)
  AUTHORS   Rado,T.A., Wei,X.P. and Benz,E.J. Jr.
  TITLE     Isolation of lactoferrin cDNA from a human myeloid library and
            expression of mRNA during normal and leukemic myelopoiesis
  JOURNAL   Blood 70 (4), 989-993 (1987)
   PUBMED   3477300
COMMENT     REVIEWED REFSEQ: This record has been curated by NCBI staff. The
            reference sequence was derived from AC098613.2, AK093852.1,
            X52941.1 and EU794669.1.
            
            On Aug 14, 2020 this sequence version replaced NM_001321122.1.
            
            Summary: This gene is a member of the transferrin family of genes
            and its protein product is found in the secondary granules of
            neutrophils. The protein is a major iron-binding protein in milk
            and body secretions with an antimicrobial activity, making it an
            important component of the non-specific immune system. The protein
            demonstrates a broad spectrum of properties, including regulation
            of iron homeostasis, host defense against a broad range of
            microbial infections, anti-inflammatory activity, regulation of
            cellular growth and differentiation and protection against cancer
            development and metastasis. Antimicrobial, antiviral, antifungal
            and antiparasitic activity has been found for this protein and its
            peptides. Activity against both DNA and RNA viruses has been found,
            including activity against SARS-CoV-2, and HIV. [provided by
            RefSeq, Jul 2021].
            
            Transcript Variant: This variant (4) differs in the 5' exon
            structure and initiates translation at an alternate start codon
            compared to variant 1. The encoded isoform (4) has a distinct,
            shorter N-terminus compared to isoform 1.
            
            Publication Note:  This RefSeq record includes a subset of the
            publications that are available for this gene. Please see the Gene
            record to access additional publications.
            
            ##Evidence-Data-START##
            Transcript exon combination :: AK093852.1 [ECO:0000332]
            RNAseq introns              :: mixed sample support SAMEA1965299,
                                           SAMEA1966682 [ECO:0006172]
            ##Evidence-Data-END##
            
            ##RefSeq-Attributes-START##
            coronavirus related                :: involved in immune response
                                                  or antiviral activity
            Protein has antimicrobial activity :: PMID: 18573312
            ##RefSeq-Attributes-END##
            COMPLETENESS: complete on the 3' end.
PRIMARY     REFSEQ_SPAN         PRIMARY_IDENTIFIER PRIMARY_SPAN        COMP
            1-31                AC098613.2         141732-141762       c
            32-309              AK093852.1         32-309
            310-310             AC098613.2         126934-126934       c
            311-597             AK093852.1         311-597
            598-2265            AK093852.1         601-2268
            2266-2749           X52941.1           1734-2217
            2750-2852           EU794669.1         2259-2361
            2853-3212           AC098613.2         92174-92533         c
FEATURES             Location/Qualifiers
     source          1..3212
                     /organism="Homo sapiens"
                     /mol_type="mRNA"
                     /db_xref="taxon:9606"
                     /chromosome="3"
                     /map="3p21.31"
     gene            1..3212
                     /gene="LTF"
                     /gene_synonym="GIG12; HEL110; HLF2; LF"
                     /note="lactotransferrin"
                     /db_xref="GeneID:4057"
                     /db_xref="HGNC:HGNC:6720"
                     /db_xref="MIM:150210"
     exon            1..249
                     /gene="LTF"
                     /gene_synonym="GIG12; HEL110; HLF2; LF"
                     /inference="alignment:Splign:2.1.0"
     exon            250..355
                     /gene="LTF"
                     /gene_synonym="GIG12; HEL110; HLF2; LF"
                     /inference="alignment:Splign:2.1.0"
     exon            356..504
                     /gene="LTF"
                     /gene_synonym="GIG12; HEL110; HLF2; LF"
                     /inference="alignment:Splign:2.1.0"
     exon            505..572
                     /gene="LTF"
                     /gene_synonym="GIG12; HEL110; HLF2; LF"
                     /inference="alignment:Splign:2.1.0"
     CDS             569..2662
                     /gene="LTF"
                     /gene_synonym="GIG12; HEL110; HLF2; LF"
                     /note="isoform 4 is encoded by transcript variant 4;
                     talalactoferrin; neutrophil lactoferrin; growth-inhibiting
                     protein 12; epididymis luminal protein 110; kaliocin-1;
                     lactoferroxin; lactoferricin"
                     /codon_start=1
                     /product="lactotransferrin isoform 4"
                     /protein_id="NP_001308051.1"
                     /db_xref="GeneID:4057"
                     /db_xref="HGNC:HGNC:6720"
                     /db_xref="MIM:150210"
                     /translation="MGLCLAGRRRSVQWCAVSQPEATKCFQWQRNMRKVRGPPVSCIK
                     RDSPIQCIQAIAENRADAVTLDGGFIYEAGLAPYKLRPVAAEVYGTERQPRTHYYAVA
                     VVKKGGSFQLNELQGLKSCHTGLRRTAGWNVPIGTLRPFLNWTGPPEPIEAAVARFFS
                     ASCVPGADKGQFPNLCRLCAGTGENKCAFSSQEPYFSYSGAFKCLRDGAGDVAFIRES
                     TVFEDLSDEAERDEYELLCPDNTRKPVDKFKDCHLARVPSHAVVARSVNGKEDAIWNL
                     LRQAQEKFGKDKSPKFQLFGSPSGQKDLLFKDSAIGFSRVPPRIDSGLYLGSGYFTAI
                     QNLRKSEEEVAARRARVVWCAVGEQELRKCNQWSGLSEGSVTCSSASTTEDCIALVLK
                     GEADAMSLDGGYVYTAGKCGLVPVLAENYKSQQSSDPDPNCVDRPVEGYLAVAVVRRS
                     DTSLTWNSVKGKKSCHTAVDRTAGWNIPMGLLFNQTGSCKFDEYFSQSCAPGSDPRSN
                     LCALCIGDEQGENKCVPNSNERYYGYTGAFRCLAENAGDVAFVKDVTVLQNTDGNNNE
                     AWAKDLKLADFALLCLDGKRKPVTEARSCHLAMAPNHAVVSRMDKVERLKQVLLHQQA
                     KFGRNGSDCPDKFCLFQSETKNLLFNDNTECLARLHGKTTYEKYLGPQYVAGITNLKK
                     CSTSPLLEACEFLRK"
     exon            573..736
                     /gene="LTF"
                     /gene_synonym="GIG12; HEL110; HLF2; LF"
                     /inference="alignment:Splign:2.1.0"
     exon            737..845
                     /gene="LTF"
                     /gene_synonym="GIG12; HEL110; HLF2; LF"
                     /inference="alignment:Splign:2.1.0"
     exon            846..1028
                     /gene="LTF"
                     /gene_synonym="GIG12; HEL110; HLF2; LF"
                     /inference="alignment:Splign:2.1.0"
     exon            1029..1176
                     /gene="LTF"
                     /gene_synonym="GIG12; HEL110; HLF2; LF"
                     /inference="alignment:Splign:2.1.0"
     exon            1177..1232
                     /gene="LTF"
                     /gene_synonym="GIG12; HEL110; HLF2; LF"
                     /inference="alignment:Splign:2.1.0"
     exon            1233..1411
                     /gene="LTF"
                     /gene_synonym="GIG12; HEL110; HLF2; LF"
                     /inference="alignment:Splign:2.1.0"
     exon            1412..1586
                     /gene="LTF"
                     /gene_synonym="GIG12; HEL110; HLF2; LF"
                     /inference="alignment:Splign:2.1.0"
     exon            1587..1741
                     /gene="LTF"
                     /gene_synonym="GIG12; HEL110; HLF2; LF"
                     /inference="alignment:Splign:2.1.0"
     exon            1742..1832
                     /gene="LTF"
                     /gene_synonym="GIG12; HEL110; HLF2; LF"
                     /inference="alignment:Splign:2.1.0"
     exon            1833..1886
                     /gene="LTF"
                     /gene_synonym="GIG12; HEL110; HLF2; LF"
                     /inference="alignment:Splign:2.1.0"
     exon            1887..2042
                     /gene="LTF"
                     /gene_synonym="GIG12; HEL110; HLF2; LF"
                     /inference="alignment:Splign:2.1.0"
     exon            2043..2184
                     /gene="LTF"
                     /gene_synonym="GIG12; HEL110; HLF2; LF"
                     /inference="alignment:Splign:2.1.0"
     exon            2185..2252
                     /gene="LTF"
                     /gene_synonym="GIG12; HEL110; HLF2; LF"
                     /inference="alignment:Splign:2.1.0"
     exon            2253..2437
                     /gene="LTF"
                     /gene_synonym="GIG12; HEL110; HLF2; LF"
                     /inference="alignment:Splign:2.1.0"
     exon            2438..2627
                     /gene="LTF"
                     /gene_synonym="GIG12; HEL110; HLF2; LF"
                     /inference="alignment:Splign:2.1.0"
     exon            2628..3212
                     /gene="LTF"
                     /gene_synonym="GIG12; HEL110; HLF2; LF"
                     /inference="alignment:Splign:2.1.0"
     regulatory      2817..2822
                     /regulatory_class="polyA_signal_sequence"
                     /gene="LTF"
                     /gene_synonym="GIG12; HEL110; HLF2; LF"
                     /note="hexamer: AGTAAA"
     polyA_site      2839
                     /gene="LTF"
                     /gene_synonym="GIG12; HEL110; HLF2; LF"
                     /note="major polyA site"
     regulatory      2851..2856
                     /regulatory_class="polyA_signal_sequence"
                     /gene="LTF"
                     /gene_synonym="GIG12; HEL110; HLF2; LF"
                     /note="hexamer: TATAAA"
     polyA_site      2878
                     /gene="LTF"
                     /gene_synonym="GIG12; HEL110; HLF2; LF"
ORIGIN      
        1 acgtggcctt cacagctggc ctgagtgagc acagcgggca ctgaggggaa caaagcgtgg
       61 gggccctcca gcagccctta tcatcacctg ccagccacct gcctcaggct gggcaggctg
      121 caccctgggc tttctgctat tggcttccca gatccctgga actccagctg gggccctggg
      181 ctgtggtctg acttgatcca gaatttaatg agtagaagga atggaagaag gctcattccc
      241 ccagccctgg acacagacag cagacacaga ggcctccagc acagtgaagc ctgtggagca
      301 gtcccctcca gaatgcaacc ttgtaggagg gcagcaccat gggccagcaa ctcagggtga
      361 tcagcaaata aatgatcaat actaagacac caaggcccta agaagtcact ggatggggtc
      421 ccgggtggat ttctagctct actgtccact ggctgtgaga ccatgaacag ggtgcattgc
      481 ccaagtccac tcagctggaa acaggctctt tgagatctga cccaactcct ggcacgttgg
      541 agatgtccca tagaccagtg ttgaatgaat gggactgtgt ctggctggcc gtaggaggag
      601 tgttcagtgg tgcgccgtat cccaacccga ggccacaaaa tgcttccaat ggcaaaggaa
      661 tatgagaaaa gtgcgtggcc ctcctgtcag ctgcataaag agagactccc ccatccagtg
      721 tatccaggcc attgcggaaa acagggccga tgctgtgacc cttgatggtg gtttcatata
      781 cgaggcaggc ctggccccct acaaactgcg acctgtagcg gcggaagtct acgggaccga
      841 aagacagcca cgaactcact attatgccgt ggctgtggtg aagaagggcg gcagctttca
      901 gctgaacgaa ctgcaaggtc tgaagtcctg ccacacaggc cttcgcagga ccgctggatg
      961 gaatgtccct atagggacac ttcgtccatt cttgaattgg acgggtccac ctgagcccat
     1021 tgaggcagct gtggccaggt tcttctcagc cagctgtgtt cccggtgcag ataaaggaca
     1081 gttccccaac ctgtgtcgcc tgtgtgcggg gacaggggaa aacaaatgtg ccttctcctc
     1141 ccaggaaccg tacttcagct actctggtgc cttcaagtgt ctgagagacg gggctggaga
     1201 cgtggctttt atcagagaga gcacagtgtt tgaggacctg tcagacgagg ctgaaaggga
     1261 cgagtatgag ttactctgcc cagacaacac tcggaagcca gtggacaagt tcaaagactg
     1321 ccatctggcc cgggtccctt ctcatgccgt tgtggcacga agtgtgaatg gcaaggagga
     1381 tgccatctgg aatcttctcc gccaggcaca ggaaaagttt ggaaaggaca agtcaccgaa
     1441 attccagctc tttggctccc ctagtgggca gaaagatctg ctgttcaagg actctgccat
     1501 tgggttttcg agggtgcccc cgaggataga ttctgggctg taccttggct ccggctactt
     1561 cactgccatc cagaacttga ggaaaagtga ggaggaagtg gctgcccggc gtgcgcgggt
     1621 cgtgtggtgt gcggtgggcg agcaggagct gcgcaagtgt aaccagtgga gtggcttgag
     1681 cgaaggcagc gtgacctgct cctcggcctc caccacagag gactgcatcg ccctggtgct
     1741 gaaaggagaa gctgatgcca tgagtttgga tggaggatat gtgtacactg caggcaaatg
     1801 tggtttggtg cctgtcctgg cagagaacta caaatcccaa caaagcagtg accctgatcc
     1861 taactgtgtg gatagacctg tggaaggata tcttgctgtg gcggtggtta ggagatcaga
     1921 cactagcctt acctggaact ctgtgaaagg caagaagtcc tgccacaccg ccgtggacag
     1981 gactgcaggc tggaatatcc ccatgggcct gctcttcaac cagacgggct cctgcaaatt
     2041 tgatgaatat ttcagtcaaa gctgtgcccc tgggtctgac ccgagatcta atctctgtgc
     2101 tctgtgtatt ggcgacgagc agggtgagaa taagtgcgtg cccaacagca acgagagata
     2161 ctacggctac actggggctt tccggtgcct ggctgagaat gctggagacg ttgcatttgt
     2221 gaaagatgtc actgtcttgc agaacactga tggaaataac aatgaggcat gggctaagga
     2281 tttgaagctg gcagactttg cgctgctgtg cctcgatggc aaacggaagc ctgtgactga
     2341 ggctagaagc tgccatcttg ccatggcccc gaatcatgcc gtggtgtctc ggatggataa
     2401 ggtggaacgc ctgaaacagg tgttgctcca ccaacaggct aaatttggga gaaatggatc
     2461 tgactgcccg gacaagtttt gcttattcca gtctgaaacc aaaaaccttc tgttcaatga
     2521 caacactgag tgtctggcca gactccatgg caaaacaaca tatgaaaaat atttgggacc
     2581 acagtatgtc gcaggcatta ctaatctgaa aaagtgctca acctcccccc tcctggaagc
     2641 ctgtgaattc ctcaggaagt aaaaccgaag aagatggccc agctccccaa gaaagcctca
     2701 gccattcact gcccccagct cttctcccca ggtgtgttgg ggccttggcc tcccctgctg
     2761 aaggtgggga ttgcccatcc atctgcttac aattccctgc tgtcgtctta gcaagaagta
     2821 aaatgagaaa ttttgttgat attctctcct tataaagtgt cactcatctt ttctagaatt
     2881 ttatactgaa atcacatgcc tgacaaaata cctgtacagt tggaccttcc cttccaagtt
     2941 tttcaggtcc agcccctcct ctttcttgca gtcttgggta tgatgcccaa gggtctggaa
     3001 tttaaggcca ggccaagcac cggttttcct aaggggatct tgttggttat tcacatagct
     3061 gtctcagtgc acgtgcatgt atgtgcctgg gagtgtgtgc gtgtccccaa ggcagggcag
     3121 gaagagcaag cataggaatt ataactgaaa tgtaggttca gttgctcatc acttgcagag
     3181 tctaattaac aagagctagg tttggtataa ag
//
