LOCUS       NM_000230               3427 bp    mRNA    linear   PRI 15-OCT-2024
DEFINITION  Homo sapiens leptin (LEP), mRNA.
ACCESSION   NM_000230
VERSION     NM_000230.3
KEYWORDS    RefSeq; MANE Select.
SOURCE      Homo sapiens (human)
  ORGANISM  Homo sapiens
            Eukaryota; Metazoa; Chordata; Craniata; Vertebrata; Euteleostomi;
            Mammalia; Eutheria; Euarchontoglires; Primates; Haplorrhini;
            Catarrhini; Hominidae; Homo.
REFERENCE   1  (bases 1 to 3427)
  AUTHORS   Al Zein,M., Akomolafe,A.F., Mahmood,F.R., Khrayzat,A., Sahebkar,A.,
            Pintus,G., Kobeissy,F. and Eid,A.H.
  TITLE     Leptin is a potential biomarker of childhood obesity and an
            indicator of the effectiveness of weight-loss interventions
  JOURNAL   Obes Rev 25 (11), e13807 (2024)
   PUBMED   39044542
  REMARK    GeneRIF: Leptin is a potential biomarker of childhood obesity and
            an indicator of the effectiveness of weight-loss interventions.
            Review article
REFERENCE   2  (bases 1 to 3427)
  AUTHORS   Szumilas,K., Wilk,A., Szumilas,P., Dziedziejko,V. and Pawlik,A.
  TITLE     Role of leptin and adiponectin in the pathogenesis of
            post-transplant diabetes mellitus
  JOURNAL   Prostaglandins Other Lipid Mediat 174, 106876 (2024)
   PUBMED   39032860
  REMARK    GeneRIF: Role of leptin and adiponectin in the pathogenesis of
            post-transplant diabetes mellitus.
            Review article
REFERENCE   3  (bases 1 to 3427)
  AUTHORS   Frak,M., Grenda,A., Krawczyk,P., Kuznar-Kaminska,B., Pazdrowski,P.,
            Kedra,K., Chmielewska,I. and Milanowski,J.
  TITLE     The influence of nutritional status, lipid profile, leptin
            concentration and polymorphism of genes encoding leptin and
            neuropeptide Y on the effectiveness of immunotherapy in advanced
            NSCLC patients
  JOURNAL   BMC Cancer 24 (1), 937 (2024)
   PUBMED   39090596
  REMARK    GeneRIF: The influence of nutritional status, lipid profile, leptin
            concentration and polymorphism of genes encoding leptin and
            neuropeptide Y on the effectiveness of immunotherapy in advanced
            NSCLC patients.
            Publication Status: Online-Only
REFERENCE   4  (bases 1 to 3427)
  AUTHORS   Siregar,M.F., Terauchi,M., Sari,R.A., Adella,C.A., Prabudi,M.O.,
            Barus,M.N., Rivany,R., Tobing,I.D. and Azmeila,S.
  TITLE     Comparison of leptin and estrone levels between normal body mass
            index and obese menopausal women
  JOURNAL   Narra J 4 (2), e745 (2024)
   PUBMED   39280324
  REMARK    GeneRIF: Comparison of leptin and estrone levels between normal
            body mass index and obese menopausal women.
REFERENCE   5  (bases 1 to 3427)
  AUTHORS   Cui,H., Lopez,M. and Rahmouni,K.
  TITLE     The cellular and molecular bases of leptin and ghrelin resistance
            in obesity
  JOURNAL   Nat Rev Endocrinol 13 (6), 338-351 (2017)
   PUBMED   28232667
  REMARK    Review article
REFERENCE   6  (bases 1 to 3427)
  AUTHORS   Abella,V., Scotece,M., Conde,J., Pino,J., Gonzalez-Gay,M.A.,
            Gomez-Reino,J.J., Mera,A., Lago,F., Gomez,R. and Gualillo,O.
  TITLE     Leptin in the interplay of inflammation, metabolism and immune
            system disorders
  JOURNAL   Nat Rev Rheumatol 13 (2), 100-109 (2017)
   PUBMED   28053336
  REMARK    Review article
REFERENCE   7  (bases 1 to 3427)
  AUTHORS   Isse,N., Ogawa,Y., Tamura,N., Masuzaki,H., Mori,K., Okazaki,T.,
            Satoh,N., Shigemoto,M., Yoshimasa,Y., Nishi,S. et al.
  TITLE     Structural organization and chromosomal assignment of the human
            obese gene
  JOURNAL   J Biol Chem 270 (46), 27728-27733 (1995)
   PUBMED   7499240
REFERENCE   8  (bases 1 to 3427)
  AUTHORS   Zhang,Y., Proenca,R., Maffei,M., Barone,M., Leopold,L. and
            Friedman,J.M.
  TITLE     Positional cloning of the mouse obese gene and its human homologue
  JOURNAL   Nature 372 (6505), 425-432 (1994)
   PUBMED   7984236
  REMARK    Erratum:[Nature 1995 Mar 30;374(6521):479]
REFERENCE   9  (bases 1 to 3427)
  AUTHORS   Friedman,J.M., Leibel,R.L., Siegel,D.S., Walsh,J. and Bahary,N.
  TITLE     Molecular mapping of the mouse ob mutation
  JOURNAL   Genomics 11 (4), 1054-1062 (1991)
   PUBMED   1686014
REFERENCE   10 (bases 1 to 3427)
  AUTHORS   Groot,P.H., Scholte,H.R. and Hulsmann,W.C.
  TITLE     Fatty acid activation: specificity, localization, and function
  JOURNAL   Adv Lipid Res 14, 75-126 (1976)
   PUBMED   3952
COMMENT     REVIEWED REFSEQ: This record has been curated by NCBI staff. The
            reference sequence was derived from DA762132.1, U43653.1,
            AC018635.10 and BU752306.1.
            This sequence is a reference standard in the RefSeqGene project.
            
            On Nov 23, 2018 this sequence version replaced NM_000230.2.
            
            Summary: This gene encodes a protein that is secreted by white
            adipocytes into the circulation and plays a major role in the
            regulation of energy homeostasis. Circulating leptin binds to the
            leptin receptor in the brain, which activates downstream signaling
            pathways that inhibit feeding and promote energy expenditure. This
            protein also has several endocrine functions, and is involved in
            the regulation of immune and inflammatory responses, hematopoiesis,
            angiogenesis, reproduction, bone formation and wound healing.
            Mutations in this gene and its regulatory regions cause severe
            obesity and morbid obesity with hypogonadism in human patients. A
            mutation in this gene has also been linked to type 2 diabetes
            mellitus development. [provided by RefSeq, Aug 2017].
            
            Sequence Note: This RefSeq record was created from transcript and
            genomic sequence data to make the sequence consistent with the
            reference genome assembly. The genomic coordinates used for the
            transcript record were based on transcript alignments.
            
            Publication Note:  This RefSeq record includes a subset of the
            publications that are available for this gene. Please see the Gene
            record to access additional publications.
            
            ##Evidence-Data-START##
            Transcript exon combination :: U43653.1, BC060830.1 [ECO:0000332]
            RNAseq introns              :: single sample supports all introns
                                           SAMEA1966682, SAMEA1968540
                                           [ECO:0000348]
            ##Evidence-Data-END##
            
            ##RefSeq-Attributes-START##
            MANE Ensembl match     :: ENST00000308868.5/ ENSP00000312652.4
            RefSeq Select criteria :: based on conservation, expression,
                                      longest protein
            ##RefSeq-Attributes-END##
            COMPLETENESS: full length.
PRIMARY     REFSEQ_SPAN         PRIMARY_IDENTIFIER PRIMARY_SPAN        COMP
            1-309               DA762132.1         1-309
            310-1807            U43653.1           309-1806
            1808-3383           AC018635.10        34398-35973
            3384-3427           BU752306.1         18-61               c
FEATURES             Location/Qualifiers
     source          1..3427
                     /organism="Homo sapiens"
                     /mol_type="mRNA"
                     /db_xref="taxon:9606"
                     /chromosome="7"
                     /map="7q32.1"
     gene            1..3427
                     /gene="LEP"
                     /gene_synonym="LEPD; OB; OBS"
                     /note="leptin"
                     /db_xref="GeneID:3952"
                     /db_xref="HGNC:HGNC:6553"
                     /db_xref="MIM:164160"
     exon            1..29
                     /gene="LEP"
                     /gene_synonym="LEPD; OB; OBS"
                     /inference="alignment:Splign:2.1.0"
     exon            30..201
                     /gene="LEP"
                     /gene_synonym="LEPD; OB; OBS"
                     /inference="alignment:Splign:2.1.0"
     CDS             58..561
                     /gene="LEP"
                     /gene_synonym="LEPD; OB; OBS"
                     /note="leptin (murine obesity homolog); leptin (obesity
                     homolog, mouse); obese, mouse, homolog of; obesity factor;
                     obese protein"
                     /codon_start=1
                     /product="leptin precursor"
                     /protein_id="NP_000221.1"
                     /db_xref="CCDS:CCDS5800.1"
                     /db_xref="GeneID:3952"
                     /db_xref="HGNC:HGNC:6553"
                     /db_xref="MIM:164160"
                     /translation="MHWGTLCGFLWLWPYLFYVQAVPIQKVQDDTKTLIKTIVTRIND
                     ISHTQSVSSKQKVTGLDFIPGLHPILTLSKMDQTLAVYQQILTSMPSRNVIQISNDLE
                     NLRDLLHVLAFSKSCHLPWASGLETLDSLGGVLEASGYSTEVVALSRLQGSLQDMLWQ
                     LDLSPGC"
     exon            202..3427
                     /gene="LEP"
                     /gene_synonym="LEPD; OB; OBS"
                     /inference="alignment:Splign:2.1.0"
     regulatory      3405..3410
                     /regulatory_class="polyA_signal_sequence"
                     /gene="LEP"
                     /gene_synonym="LEPD; OB; OBS"
                     /note="hexamer: AATAAA"
     polyA_site      3427
                     /gene="LEP"
                     /gene_synonym="LEPD; OB; OBS"
                     /note="major polyA site"
ORIGIN      
        1 gtaggaatcg cagcgccagc ggttgcaagg cccaagaagc ccatcctggg aaggaaaatg
       61 cattggggaa ccctgtgcgg attcttgtgg ctttggccct atcttttcta tgtccaagct
      121 gtgcccatcc aaaaagtcca agatgacacc aaaaccctca tcaagacaat tgtcaccagg
      181 atcaatgaca tttcacacac gcagtcagtc tcctccaaac agaaagtcac cggtttggac
      241 ttcattcctg ggctccaccc catcctgacc ttatccaaga tggaccagac actggcagtc
      301 taccaacaga tcctcaccag tatgccttcc agaaacgtga tccaaatatc caacgacctg
      361 gagaacctcc gggatcttct tcacgtgctg gccttctcta agagctgcca cttgccctgg
      421 gccagtggcc tggagacctt ggacagcctg gggggtgtcc tggaagcttc aggctactcc
      481 acagaggtgg tggccctgag caggctgcag gggtctctgc aggacatgct gtggcagctg
      541 gacctcagcc ctgggtgctg aggccttgaa ggtcactctt cctgcaagga ctacgttaag
      601 ggaaggaact ctggcttcca ggtatctcca ggattgaaga gcattgcatg gacacccctt
      661 atccaggact ctgtcaattt ccctgactcc tctaagccac tcttccaaag gcataagacc
      721 ctaagcctcc ttttgcttga aaccaaagat atatacacag gatcctattc tcaccaggaa
      781 gggggtccac ccagcaaaga gtgggctgca tctgggattc ccaccaaggt cttcagccat
      841 caacaagagt tgtcttgtcc cctcttgacc catctccccc tcactgaatg cctcaatgtg
      901 accaggggtg atttcagaga gggcagaggg gtaggcagag cctttggatg accagaacaa
      961 ggttccctct gagaattcca aggagttcca tgaagaccac atccacacac gcaggaactc
     1021 ccagcaacac aagctggaag cacatgttta tttattctgc attttattct ggatggattt
     1081 gaagcaaagc accagcttct ccaggctctt tggggtcagc cagggccagg ggtctccctg
     1141 gagtgcagtt tccaatccca tagatgggtc tggctgagct gaacccattt tgagtgactc
     1201 gagggttggg ttcatctgag caagagctgg caaaggtggc tctccagtta gttctctcgt
     1261 aactggtttc atttctactg tgactgatgt tacatcacag tgtttgcaat ggtgttgccc
     1321 tgagtggatc tccaaggacc aggttatttt aaaaagattt gttttgtcaa gtgtcatatg
     1381 taggtgtctg cacccagggg tggggaatgt ttgggcagaa gggagaagga tctagaatgt
     1441 gttttctgaa taacatttgt gtggtgggtt ctttggaagg agtgagatca ttttcttatc
     1501 ttctgcaatt gcttaggatg tttttcatga aaatagctct ttcagggggg ttgtgaggcc
     1561 tggccaggca ccccctggag agaagtttct ggccctggct gaccccaaag agcctggaga
     1621 agctgatgct ttgcttcaaa tccatccaga ataaaacgca aagggctgaa agccatttgt
     1681 tggggcagtg gtaagctctg gctttctccg actgctaggg agtggtcttt cctatcatgg
     1741 agtgacggtc ccacactggt gactgcgatc ttcagagcag gggtccttgg tgtgaccctc
     1801 tgaatggtcc agggttgatc acactctggg tttattacat ggcagtgttc ctatttgggg
     1861 cttgcatgcc aaattgtagt tcttgtctga ttggctcacc caagcaaggc caaaattacc
     1921 aaaaatcttg gggggttttt actccagtgg tgaagaaaac tcctttagca ggtggtcctg
     1981 agacctgaca agcactgcta ggcgagtgcc aggactcccc aggccaggcc accaggatgg
     2041 cccttcccac tggaggtcac attcaggaag atgaaagagg aggtttgggg tctgccacca
     2101 tcctgctgct gtgtttttgc tatcacacag tgggtggtgg atctgtccaa ggaaacttga
     2161 atcaaagcag ttaactttaa gactgagcac ctgcttcatg ctcagccctg actggtgcta
     2221 taggctggag aagctcaccc aataaacatt aagattgagg cctgccctca gggatcttgc
     2281 attcccagtg gtcaaaccgc actcacccat gtgccaaggt ggggtattta ccacagcagc
     2341 tgaacagcca aatgcatggt gcagttgaca gcaggtggga aatggtatga gctgaggggg
     2401 gccgtgccca ggggcccaca gggaaccctg cttgcacttt gtaacatgtt tacttttcag
     2461 ggcatcttag cttctattat agccacatcc ctttgaaaca agataactga gaatttaaaa
     2521 ataagaaaat acataagacc ataacagcca acaggtggca ggaccaggac tatagcccag
     2581 gtcctctgat acccagagca ttacgtgagc caggtaatga gggactggaa ccagggagac
     2641 cgagcgcttt ctggaaaaga ggagtttcga ggtagagttt gaaggaggtg agggatgtga
     2701 attgcctgca gagagaagcc tgttttgttg gaaggtttgg tgtgtggaga tgcagaggta
     2761 aaagtgtgag cagtgagtta cagcgagagg cagagaaaga agagacagga gggcaagggc
     2821 catgctgaag ggaccttgaa gggtaaagaa gtttgatatt aaaggagtta agagtagcaa
     2881 gttctagaga agaggctggt gctgtggcca gggtgagagc tgctctggaa aatgtgaccc
     2941 agatcctcac aaccacctaa tcaggctgag gtgtcttaag ccttttgctc acaaaacctg
     3001 gcacaatggc taattcccag agtgtgaaac ttcctaagta taaatggttg tctgtttttg
     3061 taacttaaaa aaaaaaaaaa aagtttggcc gggtgcggtg gctcacgcct gtaatcccag
     3121 cactttggga ggccaaggtg gggggatcac aaggtcacta gatggcgagc atcctggcca
     3181 acatggtgaa accccgtctc tactaaaaac acaaaagtta gctgagcgtg gtggcgggcg
     3241 cctgtagtcc cagccactcg ggaggctgag acaggagaat cgcttaaacc tgggaggcgg
     3301 agagtacagt gagccaagat cgcgccactg cactccggcc tgatgacaga gcgagattcc
     3361 gtcttaaaaa aaaaaaaaaa aaagtttgtt tttaaaaaaa tctaaataaa ataactttgc
     3421 cccctgc
//
