LOCUS       NM_005566               2241 bp    mRNA    linear   PRI 12-NOV-2024
DEFINITION  Homo sapiens lactate dehydrogenase A (LDHA), transcript variant 1,
            mRNA.
ACCESSION   NM_005566
VERSION     NM_005566.4
KEYWORDS    RefSeq; MANE Select.
SOURCE      Homo sapiens (human)
  ORGANISM  Homo sapiens
            Eukaryota; Metazoa; Chordata; Craniata; Vertebrata; Euteleostomi;
            Mammalia; Eutheria; Euarchontoglires; Primates; Haplorrhini;
            Catarrhini; Hominidae; Homo.
REFERENCE   1  (bases 1 to 2241)
  AUTHORS   Hu,C., Zhang,W., Jia,Y., Zhao,J., Chen,Q., Hao,C. and Yu,Y.
  TITLE     USP4 promotes PTC progression by stabilizing LDHA and activating
            the MAPK and AKT signaling pathway
  JOURNAL   Aging (Albany NY) 16 (19), 12850-12865 (2024)
   PUBMED   39393052
  REMARK    GeneRIF: USP4 promotes PTC progression by stabilizing LDHA and
            activating the MAPK and AKT signaling pathway.
REFERENCE   2  (bases 1 to 2241)
  AUTHORS   Zhuo,Z., Wang,Y. and Xu,Y.
  TITLE     Advancements in research on lactate dehydrogenase A in urinary
            system tumors
  JOURNAL   BMC Urol 24 (1), 187 (2024)
   PUBMED   39215270
  REMARK    GeneRIF: Advancements in research on lactate dehydrogenase A in
            urinary system tumors.
            Review article
            Publication Status: Online-Only
REFERENCE   3  (bases 1 to 2241)
  AUTHORS   Vats,P., Singh,J., Srivastava,S.K., Kumar,A. and Nema,R.
  TITLE     LncRNA TMPO-AS1 Promotes Triple-Negative Breast Cancer by Sponging
            miR-383-5p to Trigger the LDHA Axis
  JOURNAL   Asian Pac J Cancer Prev 25 (8), 2929-2944 (2024)
   PUBMED   39205592
  REMARK    GeneRIF: LncRNA TMPO-AS1 Promotes Triple-Negative Breast Cancer by
            Sponging miR-383-5p to Trigger the LDHA Axis.
            Publication Status: Online-Only
REFERENCE   4  (bases 1 to 2241)
  AUTHORS   Papulino,C., Chianese,U., Ali,A., Favale,G., Tuccillo,C.,
            Ciardiello,F., Di Mauro,A., Mignogna,C., Ferrara,G., Budillon,A.,
            Megchelenbrink,W.L., Del Gaudio,N., Conte,M., Merciai,F.,
            Campiglia,P., Altucci,L., Carafa,V., Sommella,E. and Benedetti,R.
  TITLE     Inverse FASN and LDHA correlation drives metabolic resistance in
            breast cancer
  JOURNAL   J Transl Med 22 (1), 676 (2024)
   PUBMED   39044184
  REMARK    GeneRIF: Inverse FASN and LDHA correlation drives metabolic
            resistance in breast cancer.
            Publication Status: Online-Only
REFERENCE   5  (bases 1 to 2241)
  AUTHORS   Zhang,H., Han,B., Tian,S., Gong,Y., Chen,L. and Liu,L.
  TITLE     HOXC4 promotes proliferation of pancreatic cancer cells by
            increasing LDHA-mediated glycolysis
  JOURNAL   Aging (Albany NY) 16 (13), 11103-11116 (2024)
   PUBMED   38990159
  REMARK    GeneRIF: HOXC4 promotes proliferation of pancreatic cancer cells by
            increasing LDHA-mediated glycolysis.
REFERENCE   6  (bases 1 to 2241)
  AUTHORS   Miyajima,H., Shimizu,T. and Kaneko,E.
  TITLE     [Gene expression in lactate dehydrogenase-A subunit deficiency]
  JOURNAL   Rinsho Shinkeigaku 32 (10), 1087-1092 (1992)
   PUBMED   1297552
REFERENCE   7  (bases 1 to 2241)
  AUTHORS   Sudo,K., Maekawa,M., Shioya,M., Ikeda,K., Takahashi,N., Isogai,Y.,
            Li,S.S., Kanno,T., Machida,K. and Toriumi,J.
  TITLE     Molecular analysis of genetic mutation in electrophoretic variant
            of human lactate dehydrogenase-A(M) subunit
  JOURNAL   Biochem Int 27 (6), 1051-1057 (1992)
   PUBMED   1445373
REFERENCE   8  (bases 1 to 2241)
  AUTHORS   Maekawa,M., Sudo,K., Li,S.S. and Kanno,T.
  TITLE     Genotypic analysis of families with lactate dehydrogenase A (M)
            deficiency by selective DNA amplification
  JOURNAL   Hum Genet 88 (1), 34-38 (1991)
   PUBMED   1959923
REFERENCE   9  (bases 1 to 2241)
  AUTHORS   Maekawa,M., Sudo,K., Li,S.S. and Kanno,T.
  TITLE     Analysis of genetic mutations in human lactate dehydrogenase-A(M)
            deficiency using DNA conformation polymorphism in combination with
            polyacrylamide gradient gel and silver staining
  JOURNAL   Biochem Biophys Res Commun 180 (2), 1083-1090 (1991)
   PUBMED   1953713
REFERENCE   10 (bases 1 to 2241)
  AUTHORS   LeVan,K.M. and Goldberg,E.
  TITLE     Properties of human testis-specific lactate dehydrogenase expressed
            from Escherichia coli
  JOURNAL   Biochem J 273 (Pt 3) (Pt 3), 587-592 (1991)
   PUBMED   1996957
COMMENT     REVIEWED REFSEQ: This record has been curated by NCBI staff. The
            reference sequence was derived from BC067223.1, BG424022.1,
            AC084117.6 and BM995301.1.
            This sequence is a reference standard in the RefSeqGene project.
            
            On Nov 23, 2018 this sequence version replaced NM_005566.3.
            
            Summary: This gene encodes the A subunit of lactate dehydrogenase
            enzyme which catalyzes the reversible conversion of pyruvate to
            lactate with the concomitant oxidation of NADH to NAD in anaerobic
            glycolysis. The protein is found predominantly in skeletal muscle
            and belongs to the lactate dehydrogenase family. Mutations in this
            gene have been linked to exertional myoglobinuria. The human genome
            contains several non-transcribed pseudogenes of this gene.
            [provided by RefSeq, Sep 2023].
            
            Transcript Variant: This variant (1) encodes the predominant
            isoform (1).
            
            Publication Note:  This RefSeq record includes a subset of the
            publications that are available for this gene. Please see the Gene
            record to access additional publications.
            
            ##Evidence-Data-START##
            Transcript exon combination :: AK026515.1, SRR1803616.91074.1
                                           [ECO:0000332]
            RNAseq introns              :: single sample supports all introns
                                           SAMEA1965299, SAMEA1966682
                                           [ECO:0000348]
            ##Evidence-Data-END##
            
            ##RefSeq-Attributes-START##
            MANE Ensembl match     :: ENST00000422447.8/ ENSP00000395337.3
            RefSeq Select criteria :: based on conservation, expression
            ##RefSeq-Attributes-END##
            COMPLETENESS: full length.
PRIMARY     REFSEQ_SPAN         PRIMARY_IDENTIFIER PRIMARY_SPAN        COMP
            1-196               BC067223.1         5-200
            197-744             BG424022.1         1-548
            745-1663            BC067223.1         749-1667
            1664-1817           AC084117.6         116222-116375
            1818-2034           BM995301.1         19-235              c
            2035-2241           AC084117.6         116593-116799
FEATURES             Location/Qualifiers
     source          1..2241
                     /organism="Homo sapiens"
                     /mol_type="mRNA"
                     /db_xref="taxon:9606"
                     /chromosome="11"
                     /map="11p15.1"
     gene            1..2241
                     /gene="LDHA"
                     /gene_synonym="GSD11; HEL-S-133P; LDHM; PIG19"
                     /note="lactate dehydrogenase A"
                     /db_xref="GeneID:3939"
                     /db_xref="HGNC:HGNC:6535"
                     /db_xref="MIM:150000"
     exon            1..74
                     /gene="LDHA"
                     /gene_synonym="GSD11; HEL-S-133P; LDHM; PIG19"
                     /inference="alignment:Splign:2.1.0"
     exon            75..224
                     /gene="LDHA"
                     /gene_synonym="GSD11; HEL-S-133P; LDHM; PIG19"
                     /inference="alignment:Splign:2.1.0"
     CDS             99..1097
                     /gene="LDHA"
                     /gene_synonym="GSD11; HEL-S-133P; LDHM; PIG19"
                     /EC_number="1.1.1.27"
                     /note="isoform 1 is encoded by transcript variant 1;
                     L-lactate dehydrogenase A chain; lactate dehydrogenase M;
                     LDH muscle subunit; renal carcinoma antigen NY-REN-59;
                     proliferation-inducing gene 19; LDH-A; LDH-M; cell
                     proliferation-inducing gene 19 protein; epididymis
                     secretory sperm binding protein Li 133P"
                     /codon_start=1
                     /product="L-lactate dehydrogenase A chain isoform 1"
                     /protein_id="NP_005557.1"
                     /db_xref="CCDS:CCDS7839.1"
                     /db_xref="GeneID:3939"
                     /db_xref="HGNC:HGNC:6535"
                     /db_xref="MIM:150000"
                     /translation="MATLKDQLIYNLLKEEQTPQNKITVVGVGAVGMACAISILMKDL
                     ADELALVDVIEDKLKGEMMDLQHGSLFLRTPKIVSGKDYNVTANSKLVIITAGARQQE
                     GESRLNLVQRNVNIFKFIIPNVVKYSPNCKLLIVSNPVDILTYVAWKISGFPKNRVIG
                     SGCNLDSARFRYLMGERLGVHPLSCHGWVLGEHGDSSVPVWSGMNVAGVSLKTLHPDL
                     GTDKDKEQWKEVHKQVVESAYEVIKLKGYTSWAIGLSVADLAESIMKNLRRVHPVSTM
                     IKGLYGIKDDVFLSVPCILGQNGISDLVKVTLTSEEEARLKKSADTLWGIQKELQF"
     exon            225..342
                     /gene="LDHA"
                     /gene_synonym="GSD11; HEL-S-133P; LDHM; PIG19"
                     /inference="alignment:Splign:2.1.0"
     exon            343..516
                     /gene="LDHA"
                     /gene_synonym="GSD11; HEL-S-133P; LDHM; PIG19"
                     /inference="alignment:Splign:2.1.0"
     exon            517..690
                     /gene="LDHA"
                     /gene_synonym="GSD11; HEL-S-133P; LDHM; PIG19"
                     /inference="alignment:Splign:2.1.0"
     exon            691..808
                     /gene="LDHA"
                     /gene_synonym="GSD11; HEL-S-133P; LDHM; PIG19"
                     /inference="alignment:Splign:2.1.0"
     exon            809..932
                     /gene="LDHA"
                     /gene_synonym="GSD11; HEL-S-133P; LDHM; PIG19"
                     /inference="alignment:Splign:2.1.0"
     exon            933..2241
                     /gene="LDHA"
                     /gene_synonym="GSD11; HEL-S-133P; LDHM; PIG19"
                     /inference="alignment:Splign:2.1.0"
     regulatory      1645..1650
                     /regulatory_class="polyA_signal_sequence"
                     /gene="LDHA"
                     /gene_synonym="GSD11; HEL-S-133P; LDHM; PIG19"
                     /note="hexamer: AATAAA"
     polyA_site      1663
                     /gene="LDHA"
                     /gene_synonym="GSD11; HEL-S-133P; LDHM; PIG19"
                     /note="major polyA site"
     regulatory      2011..2016
                     /regulatory_class="polyA_signal_sequence"
                     /gene="LDHA"
                     /gene_synonym="GSD11; HEL-S-133P; LDHM; PIG19"
                     /note="hexamer: ATTAAA"
     polyA_site      2031
                     /gene="LDHA"
                     /gene_synonym="GSD11; HEL-S-133P; LDHM; PIG19"
     regulatory      2171..2176
                     /regulatory_class="polyA_signal_sequence"
                     /gene="LDHA"
                     /gene_synonym="GSD11; HEL-S-133P; LDHM; PIG19"
                     /note="hexamer: AACAAG"
     polyA_site      2195
                     /gene="LDHA"
                     /gene_synonym="GSD11; HEL-S-133P; LDHM; PIG19"
     regulatory      2223..2228
                     /regulatory_class="polyA_signal_sequence"
                     /gene="LDHA"
                     /gene_synonym="GSD11; HEL-S-133P; LDHM; PIG19"
                     /note="hexamer: AATACA"
     polyA_site      2241
                     /gene="LDHA"
                     /gene_synonym="GSD11; HEL-S-133P; LDHM; PIG19"
ORIGIN      
        1 gtgctgcagc cgctgccgcc gattccggat ctcattgcca cgcgcccccg acgaccgccc
       61 gacgtgcatt cccgattcct tttggttcca agtccaatat ggcaactcta aaggatcagc
      121 tgatttataa tcttctaaag gaagaacaga ccccccagaa taagattaca gttgttgggg
      181 ttggtgctgt tggcatggcc tgtgccatca gtatcttaat gaaggacttg gcagatgaac
      241 ttgctcttgt tgatgtcatc gaagacaaat tgaagggaga gatgatggat ctccaacatg
      301 gcagcctttt ccttagaaca ccaaagattg tctctggcaa agactataat gtaactgcaa
      361 actccaagct ggtcattatc acggctgggg cacgtcagca agagggagaa agccgtctta
      421 atttggtcca gcgtaacgtg aacatcttta aattcatcat tcctaatgtt gtaaaataca
      481 gcccgaactg caagttgctt attgtttcaa atccagtgga tatcttgacc tacgtggctt
      541 ggaagataag tggttttccc aaaaaccgtg ttattggaag cggttgcaat ctggattcag
      601 cccgattccg ttacctaatg ggggaaaggc tgggagttca cccattaagc tgtcatgggt
      661 gggtccttgg ggaacatgga gattccagtg tgcctgtatg gagtggaatg aatgttgctg
      721 gtgtctctct gaagactctg cacccagatt tagggactga taaagataag gaacagtgga
      781 aagaggttca caagcaggtg gttgagagtg cttatgaggt gatcaaactc aaaggctaca
      841 catcctgggc tattggactc tctgtagcag atttggcaga gagtataatg aagaatctta
      901 ggcgggtgca cccagtttcc accatgatta agggtcttta cggaataaag gatgatgtct
      961 tccttagtgt tccttgcatt ttgggacaga atggaatctc agaccttgtg aaggtgactc
     1021 tgacttctga ggaagaggcc cgtttgaaga agagtgcaga tacactttgg gggatccaaa
     1081 aggagctgca attttaaagt cttctgatgt catatcattt cactgtctag gctacaacag
     1141 gattctaggt ggaggttgtg catgttgtcc tttttatctg atctgtgatt aaagcagtaa
     1201 tattttaaga tggactggga aaaacatcaa ctcctgaagt tagaaataag aatggtttgt
     1261 aaaatccaca gctatatcct gatgctggat ggtattaatc ttgtgtagtc ttcaactggt
     1321 tagtgtgaaa tagttctgcc acctctgacg caccactgcc aatgctgtac gtactgcatt
     1381 tgccccttga gccaggtgga tgtttaccgt gtgttatata acttcctggc tccttcactg
     1441 aacatgccta gtccaacatt ttttcccagt gagtcacatc ctgggatcca gtgtataaat
     1501 ccaatatcat gtcttgtgca taattcttcc aaaggatctt attttgtgaa ctatatcagt
     1561 agtgtacatt accatataat gtaaaaagat ctacatacaa acaatgcaac caactatcca
     1621 agtgttatac caactaaaac ccccaataaa ccttgaacag tgactacttt ggttaattca
     1681 ttatattaag atataaagtc ataaagctgc tagttattat attaatttgg aaatattagg
     1741 ctattcttgg gcaaccctgc aacgattttt tctaacaggg atattattga ctaatagcag
     1801 aggatgtaat agtcaactga gttgtattgg taccacttcc attgtaagtc ccaaagtatt
     1861 atatatttga taataatgct aatcataatt ggaaagtaac attctatatg taaatgtaaa
     1921 atttatttgc caactgaata taggcaatga tagtgtgtca ctatagggaa cacagatttt
     1981 tgagatcttg tcctctggaa gctggtaaca attaaaaaca atcttaaggc agggtgcagt
     2041 ggctcatgcc tataatccca gcactttggg aagcccaggt gggctgatca ctggaggcca
     2101 ggaattgggg accagcctgg ccaacacaac aaaaccccat ctgttaaaaa aacaaaacaa
     2161 aaccaaaaaa aacaagtaac cttggtggat gtctactcaa gttttctgca catttttctg
     2221 aaaatacaac tgtgaccctt a
//
