LOCUS       NM_005554               2308 bp    mRNA    linear   PRI 04-OCT-2024
DEFINITION  Homo sapiens keratin 6A (KRT6A), mRNA.
ACCESSION   NM_005554 NM_058242
VERSION     NM_005554.4
KEYWORDS    RefSeq; MANE Select.
SOURCE      Homo sapiens (human)
  ORGANISM  Homo sapiens
            Eukaryota; Metazoa; Chordata; Craniata; Vertebrata; Euteleostomi;
            Mammalia; Eutheria; Euarchontoglires; Primates; Haplorrhini;
            Catarrhini; Hominidae; Homo.
REFERENCE   1  (bases 1 to 2308)
  AUTHORS   Harada-Kagitani,S., Kouchi,Y., Shinomiya,Y., Kodama,M., Ohira,G.,
            Matsubara,H., Ikeda,J.I. and Kishimoto,T.
  TITLE     Keratin 6A Is Expressed at the Invasive Front and Enhances the
            Progression of Colorectal Cancer
  JOURNAL   Lab Invest 104 (7), 102075 (2024)
   PUBMED   38729352
  REMARK    GeneRIF: Keratin 6A Is Expressed at the Invasive Front and Enhances
            the Progression of Colorectal Cancer.
REFERENCE   2  (bases 1 to 2308)
  AUTHORS   Shinomiya,Y., Kouchi,Y., Harada-Kagitani,S., Ishige,T., Takano,S.,
            Ohtsuka,M., Ikeda,J.I. and Kishimoto,T.
  TITLE     ECM1 and KRT6A are involved in tumor progression and
            chemoresistance in the effect of dexamethasone on pancreatic cancer
  JOURNAL   Cancer Sci 115 (6), 1948-1963 (2024)
   PUBMED   38613239
  REMARK    GeneRIF: ECM1 and KRT6A are involved in tumor progression and
            chemoresistance in the effect of dexamethasone on pancreatic
            cancer.
REFERENCE   3  (bases 1 to 2308)
  AUTHORS   Michalak-Micka,K., Tenini,C., Bottcher-Haberzeth,S., Mazzone,L.,
            Pontiggia,L., Klar,A.S., Moehrlen,U. and Biedermann,T.
  TITLE     The expression pattern of cytokeratin 6a in epithelial cells of
            different origin in dermo-epidermal skin substitutes in vivo
  JOURNAL   Biotechnol J 19 (1), e2300246 (2024)
   PUBMED   37766482
  REMARK    GeneRIF: The expression pattern of cytokeratin 6a in epithelial
            cells of different origin in dermo-epidermal skin substitutes in
            vivo.
REFERENCE   4  (bases 1 to 2308)
  AUTHORS   Li,Y. and Wu,Q.
  TITLE     KRT6A Inhibits IL-1beta-Mediated Pyroptosis of Keratinocytes via
            Blocking IL-17 Signaling
  JOURNAL   Crit Rev Eukaryot Gene Expr 34 (4), 1-11 (2024)
   PUBMED   38505868
  REMARK    GeneRIF: KRT6A Inhibits IL-1beta-Mediated Pyroptosis of
            Keratinocytes via Blocking IL-17 Signaling.
REFERENCE   5  (bases 1 to 2308)
  AUTHORS   Tam,C., Mun,J.J., Evans,D.J. and Fleiszig,S.M.
  TITLE     Cytokeratins mediate epithelial innate defense through their
            antimicrobial properties
  JOURNAL   J Clin Invest 122 (10), 3665-3677 (2012)
   PUBMED   23006328
  REMARK    GeneRIF: Keratin-derived antimicrobial peptides (KDAMPs) and their
            synthetic analogs exhibit antimicrobial activity against bacterial
            pathogens.
REFERENCE   6  (bases 1 to 2308)
  AUTHORS   Takahashi,K., Paladini,R.D. and Coulombe,P.A.
  TITLE     Cloning and characterization of multiple human genes and cDNAs
            encoding highly related type II keratin 6 isoforms
  JOURNAL   J Biol Chem 270 (31), 18581-18592 (1995)
   PUBMED   7543104
REFERENCE   7  (bases 1 to 2308)
  AUTHORS   Kouklis,P.D., Hutton,E. and Fuchs,E.
  TITLE     Making a connection: direct binding between keratin intermediate
            filaments and desmosomal proteins
  JOURNAL   J Cell Biol 127 (4), 1049-1060 (1994)
   PUBMED   7525601
REFERENCE   8  (bases 1 to 2308)
  AUTHORS   Smith,F.J.D., Hansen,C.D., Hull,P.R., Kaspar,R.L., McLean,W.H.I.,
            O'Toole,E. and Sprecher,E.
  TITLE     Pachyonychia Congenita
  JOURNAL   (in) Adam MP, Feldman J, Mirzaa GM, Pagon RA, Wallace SE and
            Amemiya A (Eds.);
            GENEREVIEWS(R);
            (1993)
   PUBMED   20301457
REFERENCE   9  (bases 1 to 2308)
  AUTHORS   Rosenberg,M., Fuchs,E., Le Beau,M.M., Eddy,R.L. and Shows,T.B.
  TITLE     Three epidermal and one simple epithelial type II keratin genes map
            to human chromosome 12
  JOURNAL   Cytogenet Cell Genet 57 (1), 33-38 (1991)
   PUBMED   1713141
REFERENCE   10 (bases 1 to 2308)
  AUTHORS   Hanukoglu,I. and Fuchs,E.
  TITLE     The cDNA sequence of a Type II cytoskeletal keratin reveals
            constant and variable structural domains among keratins
  JOURNAL   Cell 33 (3), 915-924 (1983)
   PUBMED   6191871
COMMENT     REVIEWED REFSEQ: This record has been curated by NCBI staff in
            collaboration with Michael Rogers. The reference sequence was
            derived from DA451441.1 and BC008807.2.
            This sequence is a reference standard in the RefSeqGene project.
            
            On Oct 17, 2018 this sequence version replaced NM_005554.3.
            
            Summary: The protein encoded by this gene is a member of the
            keratin gene family. The type II cytokeratins consist of basic or
            neutral proteins which are arranged in pairs of heterotypic keratin
            chains coexpressed during differentiation of simple and stratified
            epithelial tissues. As many as six of this type II cytokeratin
            (KRT6) have been identified; the multiplicity of the genes is
            attributed to successive gene duplication events. The genes are
            expressed with family members KRT16 and/or KRT17 in the filiform
            papillae of the tongue, the stratified epithelial lining of oral
            mucosa and esophagus, the outer root sheath of hair follicles, and
            the glandular epithelia. This KRT6 gene in particular encodes the
            most abundant isoform. Mutations in these genes have been
            associated with pachyonychia congenita. In addition, peptides from
            the C-terminal region of the protein have antimicrobial activity
            against bacterial pathogens. The type II cytokeratins are clustered
            in a region of chromosome 12q12-q13. [provided by RefSeq, Oct
            2014].
            
            Publication Note:  This RefSeq record includes a subset of the
            publications that are available for this gene. Please see the Gene
            record to access additional publications.
            
            ##Evidence-Data-START##
            Transcript exon combination :: BC008807.2, ERR279848.4870.1
                                           [ECO:0000332]
            RNAseq introns              :: single sample supports all introns
                                           SAMEA2147975, SAMEA2156670
                                           [ECO:0000348]
            ##Evidence-Data-END##
            
            ##RefSeq-Attributes-START##
            MANE Ensembl match                 :: ENST00000330722.7/
                                                  ENSP00000369317.3
            Protein has antimicrobial activity :: PMID: 23006328
            RefSeq Select criteria             :: based on single
                                                  protein-coding transcript
            ##RefSeq-Attributes-END##
            COMPLETENESS: full length.
PRIMARY     REFSEQ_SPAN         PRIMARY_IDENTIFIER PRIMARY_SPAN        COMP
            1-21                DA451441.1         143-163
            22-2308             BC008807.2         1-2287
FEATURES             Location/Qualifiers
     source          1..2308
                     /organism="Homo sapiens"
                     /mol_type="mRNA"
                     /db_xref="taxon:9606"
                     /chromosome="12"
                     /map="12q13.13"
     gene            1..2308
                     /gene="KRT6A"
                     /gene_synonym="CK-6C; CK-6E; CK6A; CK6C; CK6D; K6A; K6C;
                     K6D; KRT6C; KRT6D; PC3"
                     /note="keratin 6A"
                     /db_xref="GeneID:3853"
                     /db_xref="HGNC:HGNC:6443"
                     /db_xref="MIM:148041"
     exon            1..609
                     /gene="KRT6A"
                     /gene_synonym="CK-6C; CK-6E; CK6A; CK6C; CK6D; K6A; K6C;
                     K6D; KRT6C; KRT6D; PC3"
                     /inference="alignment:Splign:2.1.0"
     CDS             70..1764
                     /gene="KRT6A"
                     /gene_synonym="CK-6C; CK-6E; CK6A; CK6C; CK6D; K6A; K6C;
                     K6D; KRT6C; KRT6D; PC3"
                     /note="keratin, epidermal type II, K6A; cytokeratin 6A;
                     cytokeratin 6C; cytokeratin 6D; type-II keratin Kb6;
                     keratin 6A, type II"
                     /codon_start=1
                     /product="keratin, type II cytoskeletal 6A"
                     /protein_id="NP_005545.1"
                     /db_xref="CCDS:CCDS41786.1"
                     /db_xref="GeneID:3853"
                     /db_xref="HGNC:HGNC:6443"
                     /db_xref="MIM:148041"
                     /translation="MASTSTTIRSHSSSRRGFSANSARLPGVSRSGFSSVSVSRSRGS
                     GGLGGACGGAGFGSRSLYGLGGSKRISIGGGSCAISGGYGSRAGGSYGFGGAGSGFGF
                     GGGAGIGFGLGGGAGLAGGFGGPGFPVCPPGGIQEVTVNQSLLTPLNLQIDPTIQRVR
                     AEEREQIKTLNNKFASFIDKVRFLEQQNKVLETKWTLLQEQGTKTVRQNLEPLFEQYI
                     NNLRRQLDSIVGERGRLDSELRGMQDLVEDFKNKYEDEINKRTAAENEFVTLKKDVDA
                     AYMNKVELQAKADTLTDEINFLRALYDAELSQMQTHISDTSVVLSMDNNRNLDLDSII
                     AEVKAQYEEIAQRSRAEAESWYQTKYEELQVTAGRHGDDLRNTKQEIAEINRMIQRLR
                     SEIDHVKKQCANLQAAIADAEQRGEMALKDAKNKLEGLEDALQKAKQDLARLLKEYQE
                     LMNVKLALDVEIATYRKLLEGEECRLNGEGVGQVNISVVQSTVSSGYGGASGVGSGLG
                     LGGGSSYSYGSGLGVGGGFSSSSGRAIGGGLSSVGGGSSTIKYTTTSSSSRKSYKH"
     exon            610..824
                     /gene="KRT6A"
                     /gene_synonym="CK-6C; CK-6E; CK6A; CK6C; CK6D; K6A; K6C;
                     K6D; KRT6C; KRT6D; PC3"
                     /inference="alignment:Splign:2.1.0"
     exon            825..885
                     /gene="KRT6A"
                     /gene_synonym="CK-6C; CK-6E; CK6A; CK6C; CK6D; K6A; K6C;
                     K6D; KRT6C; KRT6D; PC3"
                     /inference="alignment:Splign:2.1.0"
     exon            886..981
                     /gene="KRT6A"
                     /gene_synonym="CK-6C; CK-6E; CK6A; CK6C; CK6D; K6A; K6C;
                     K6D; KRT6C; KRT6D; PC3"
                     /inference="alignment:Splign:2.1.0"
     exon            982..1146
                     /gene="KRT6A"
                     /gene_synonym="CK-6C; CK-6E; CK6A; CK6C; CK6D; K6A; K6C;
                     K6D; KRT6C; KRT6D; PC3"
                     /inference="alignment:Splign:2.1.0"
     exon            1147..1272
                     /gene="KRT6A"
                     /gene_synonym="CK-6C; CK-6E; CK6A; CK6C; CK6D; K6A; K6C;
                     K6D; KRT6C; KRT6D; PC3"
                     /inference="alignment:Splign:2.1.0"
     exon            1273..1493
                     /gene="KRT6A"
                     /gene_synonym="CK-6C; CK-6E; CK6A; CK6C; CK6D; K6A; K6C;
                     K6D; KRT6C; KRT6D; PC3"
                     /inference="alignment:Splign:2.1.0"
     exon            1494..1528
                     /gene="KRT6A"
                     /gene_synonym="CK-6C; CK-6E; CK6A; CK6C; CK6D; K6A; K6C;
                     K6D; KRT6C; KRT6D; PC3"
                     /inference="alignment:Splign:2.1.0"
     exon            1529..2308
                     /gene="KRT6A"
                     /gene_synonym="CK-6C; CK-6E; CK6A; CK6C; CK6D; K6A; K6C;
                     K6D; KRT6C; KRT6D; PC3"
                     /inference="alignment:Splign:2.1.0"
     regulatory      2286..2291
                     /regulatory_class="polyA_signal_sequence"
                     /gene="KRT6A"
                     /gene_synonym="CK-6C; CK-6E; CK6A; CK6C; CK6D; K6A; K6C;
                     K6D; KRT6C; KRT6D; PC3"
                     /note="hexamer: AATAAA"
     polyA_site      2308
                     /gene="KRT6A"
                     /gene_synonym="CK-6C; CK-6E; CK6A; CK6C; CK6D; K6A; K6C;
                     K6D; KRT6C; KRT6D; PC3"
                     /note="major polyA site"
ORIGIN      
        1 agtcctgctt ctcttccctc tctcctccag cctctcacac tctcctcagc tctctcatct
       61 cctggaacca tggccagcac atccaccacc atcaggagcc acagcagcag ccgccggggt
      121 ttcagtgcca actcagccag gctccctggg gtcagccgct ctggcttcag cagcgtctcc
      181 gtgtcccgct ccaggggcag tggtggcctg ggtggtgcat gtggaggagc tggctttggc
      241 agccgcagtc tgtatggcct ggggggctcc aagaggatct ccattggagg gggcagctgt
      301 gccatcagtg gcggctatgg cagcagagcc ggaggcagct atggctttgg tggcgccggg
      361 agtggatttg gtttcggtgg tggagccggc attggctttg gtctgggtgg tggagccggc
      421 cttgctggtg gctttggggg ccctggcttc cctgtgtgcc cccctggagg catccaagag
      481 gtcaccgtca accagagtct cctgactccc ctcaacctgc aaatcgatcc caccatccag
      541 cgggtgcggg ctgaggagcg tgaacagatc aagaccctca acaacaagtt tgcctccttc
      601 atcgacaagg tgcggttcct ggagcagcag aacaaggttc tggaaacaaa gtggaccctg
      661 ctgcaggagc agggcaccaa gactgtgagg cagaacctgg agccgttgtt cgagcagtac
      721 atcaacaacc tcaggaggca gctggacagc attgtcgggg aacggggccg cctggactca
      781 gagctcagag gcatgcagga cctggtggag gacttcaaga acaaatatga ggatgaaatc
      841 aacaagcgca cagcagcaga gaatgaattt gtgactctga agaaggatgt ggatgctgcc
      901 tacatgaaca aggttgaact gcaagccaag gcagacactc tcacagacga gatcaacttc
      961 ctgagagcct tgtatgatgc agagctgtcc cagatgcaga cccacatctc agacacatct
     1021 gtggtgctgt ccatggacaa caaccgcaac ctggacctgg acagcatcat cgctgaggtc
     1081 aaggcccaat atgaggagat tgctcagaga agccgggctg aggctgagtc ctggtaccag
     1141 accaagtacg aggagctgca ggtcacagca ggcagacatg gggacgacct gcgcaacacc
     1201 aagcaggaga ttgctgagat caaccgcatg atccagaggc tgagatctga gatcgaccac
     1261 gtcaagaagc agtgcgccaa cctgcaggcc gccattgctg atgctgagca gcgtggggag
     1321 atggccctca aggatgccaa gaacaagctg gaagggctgg aggatgccct gcagaaggcc
     1381 aagcaggacc tggcccggct gctgaaggag taccaggagc tgatgaatgt caagctggcc
     1441 ctggacgtgg agatcgccac ctaccgcaag ctgctggagg gtgaggagtg caggctgaat
     1501 ggcgaaggcg ttggacaagt caacatctct gtggtgcagt ccaccgtctc cagtggctat
     1561 ggcggtgcca gtggtgtcgg cagtggctta ggcctgggtg gaggaagcag ctactcctat
     1621 ggcagtggtc ttggcgttgg aggtggcttc agttccagca gtggcagagc cattgggggt
     1681 ggcctcagct ctgttggagg cggcagttcc accatcaagt acaccaccac ctcctcctcc
     1741 agcaggaaga gctataagca ctaaagtgcg tctgctagct ctcggtccca cagtcctcag
     1801 gcccctctct ggctgcagag ccctctcctc aggttgcctt tcctctcctg gcctccagtc
     1861 tcccctgctg tcccaggtag agctgggtat ggatgcttag tgccctcact tcttctctct
     1921 ctctctatac catctgagca cccattgctc accatcagat caacctctga ttttacatca
     1981 tgatgtaatc accactggag cttcactgtt actaaattat taatttcttg cctccagtgt
     2041 tctatctctg aggctgagca ttataagaaa atgacctctg ctccttttca ttgcagaaaa
     2101 ttgccagggg cttatttcag aacaacttcc acttactttc cactggctct caaactctct
     2161 aacttataag tgttgtgaac ccccacccag gcagtatcca tgaaagcaca agtgactagt
     2221 cctatgatgt acaaagcctg tatctctgtg atgatttctg tgctcttcgc tgtttgcaat
     2281 tgctaaataa agcagattta taatacaa
//
