LOCUS       NM_000224               1413 bp    mRNA    linear   PRI 19-SEP-2024
DEFINITION  Homo sapiens keratin 18 (KRT18), transcript variant 1, mRNA.
ACCESSION   NM_000224
VERSION     NM_000224.3
KEYWORDS    RefSeq; MANE Select.
SOURCE      Homo sapiens (human)
  ORGANISM  Homo sapiens
            Eukaryota; Metazoa; Chordata; Craniata; Vertebrata; Euteleostomi;
            Mammalia; Eutheria; Euarchontoglires; Primates; Haplorrhini;
            Catarrhini; Hominidae; Homo.
REFERENCE   1  (bases 1 to 1413)
  AUTHORS   Pagano,S., Bakker,S.J.L., Juillard,C., Dullaart,R.P.F. and
            Vuilleumier,N.
  TITLE     Serum Level of Cytokeratin 18 (M65) as a Prognostic Marker of High
            Cardiovascular Disease Risk in Individuals with Non-Alcoholic Fatty
            Liver Disease
  JOURNAL   Biomolecules 13 (7), 1128 (2023)
   PUBMED   37509164
  REMARK    GeneRIF: Serum Level of Cytokeratin 18 (M65) as a Prognostic Marker
            of High Cardiovascular Disease Risk in Individuals with
            Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease.
            Publication Status: Online-Only
REFERENCE   2  (bases 1 to 1413)
  AUTHORS   Segal,D., Maier,S., Mastromarco,G.J., Qian,W.W., Nabeel-Shah,S.,
            Lee,H., Moore,G., Lacoste,J., Larsen,B., Lin,Z.Y.,
            Selvabaskaran,A., Liu,K., Smibert,C., Zhang,Z., Greenblatt,J.,
            Peng,J., Lee,H.O., Gingras,A.C. and Taipale,M.
  TITLE     A central chaperone-like role for 14-3-3 proteins in human cells
  JOURNAL   Mol Cell 83 (6), 974-993 (2023)
   PUBMED   36931259
REFERENCE   3  (bases 1 to 1413)
  AUTHORS   Heinrich,S., Austgen,T., Castven,D., Hess,M., Labenz,C.,
            Kirstein,M., Zimpel,C., Stockhoff,L., Maasoumy,B., Heinrich,B.,
            Wedemeyer,H.H., Galle,P.R., Binder,H., Nguyen-Tat,M. and
            Marquardt,J.U.
  TITLE     Markers of cell death predict therapy response in patients with
            cirrhosis and hepatorenal syndrome
  JOURNAL   United European Gastroenterol J 11 (1), 92-102 (2023)
   PUBMED   36441143
  REMARK    GeneRIF: Markers of cell death predict therapy response in patients
            with cirrhosis and hepatorenal syndrome.
REFERENCE   4  (bases 1 to 1413)
  AUTHORS   Singh Bhangu,J., Macher-Beer,A., Schimek,V., Garmroudi,B.,
            Tamandl,D., Unger,L.W., Bachleitner-Hofmann,T. and Oehler,R.
  TITLE     Circulating caspase-cleaved cytokeratin 18 correlates with tumour
            burden and response to therapy in patients with colorectal cancer
            liver metastasis
  JOURNAL   Clin Chim Acta 538, 53-59 (2023)
   PUBMED   36375525
  REMARK    GeneRIF: Circulating caspase-cleaved cytokeratin 18 correlates with
            tumour burden and response to therapy in patients with colorectal
            cancer liver metastasis.
REFERENCE   5  (bases 1 to 1413)
  AUTHORS   Eguchi,A., Iwasa,M., Yamada,M., Tamai,Y., Shigefuku,R.,
            Hasegawa,H., Hirokawa,Y., Hayashi,A., Okuno,K., Matsushita,Y.,
            Nakatsuka,T., Enooku,K., Sakaguchi,K., Kobayashi,Y., Yamaguchi,T.,
            Watanabe,M., Takei,Y. and Nakagawa,H.
  TITLE     A new detection system for serum fragmented cytokeratin 18 as a
            biomarker reflecting histologic activities of human nonalcoholic
            steatohepatitis
  JOURNAL   Hepatol Commun 6 (8), 1987-1999 (2022)
   PUBMED   35485207
  REMARK    GeneRIF: A new detection system for serum fragmented cytokeratin 18
            as a biomarker reflecting histologic activities of human
            nonalcoholic steatohepatitis.
REFERENCE   6  (bases 1 to 1413)
  AUTHORS   Omary,M.B., Baxter,G.T., Chou,C.F., Riopel,C.L., Lin,W.Y. and
            Strulovici,B.
  TITLE     PKC epsilon-related kinase associates with and phosphorylates
            cytokeratin 8 and 18
  JOURNAL   J Cell Biol 117 (3), 583-593 (1992)
   PUBMED   1374067
REFERENCE   7  (bases 1 to 1413)
  AUTHORS   Heath,P., Elvin,P., Jenner,D., Gammack,A., Morten,J. and Markham,A.
  TITLE     Localisation of a cDNA clone for human cytokeratin 18 to chromosome
            17p11-p12 by in situ hybridisation
  JOURNAL   Hum Genet 85 (6), 669-670 (1990)
   PUBMED   1699878
REFERENCE   8  (bases 1 to 1413)
  AUTHORS   Waseem,A., Gough,A.C., Spurr,N.K. and Lane,E.B.
  TITLE     Localization of the gene for human simple epithelial keratin 18 to
            chromosome 12 using polymerase chain reaction
  JOURNAL   Genomics 7 (2), 188-194 (1990)
   PUBMED   1693358
REFERENCE   9  (bases 1 to 1413)
  AUTHORS   Waseem,A., Alexander,C.M., Steel,J.B. and Lane,E.B.
  TITLE     Embryonic simple epithelial keratins 8 and 18: chromosomal location
            emphasizes difference from other keratin pairs
  JOURNAL   New Biol 2 (5), 464-478 (1990)
   PUBMED   1705144
REFERENCE   10 (bases 1 to 1413)
  AUTHORS   Romano,V., Hatzfeld,M., Magin,T.M., Zimbelmann,R., Franke,W.W.,
            Maier,G. and Ponstingl,H.
  TITLE     Cytokeratin expression in simple epithelia. I. Identification of
            mRNA coding for human cytokeratin no. 18 by a cDNA clone
  JOURNAL   Differentiation 30 (3), 244-253 (1986)
   PUBMED   2422083
COMMENT     REVIEWED REFSEQ: This record has been curated by NCBI staff. The
            reference sequence was derived from CD106591.1, X12881.1 and
            AC107016.20.
            This sequence is a reference standard in the RefSeqGene project.
            
            On Nov 23, 2018 this sequence version replaced NM_000224.2.
            
            Summary: KRT18 encodes the type I intermediate filament chain
            keratin 18. Keratin 18, together with its filament partner keratin
            8, are perhaps the most commonly found members of the intermediate
            filament gene family. They are expressed in single layer epithelial
            tissues of the body. Mutations in this gene have been linked to
            cryptogenic cirrhosis. Two transcript variants encoding the same
            protein have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Jul
            2008].
            
            Transcript Variant: This variant (1) represents the longer
            transcript. Variants 1 and 2 both encode the same protein.
            
            Publication Note:  This RefSeq record includes a subset of the
            publications that are available for this gene. Please see the Gene
            record to access additional publications.
            
            ##Evidence-Data-START##
            Transcript exon combination :: SRR5189664.34370.1,
                                           SRR3476690.69100.1 [ECO:0000332]
            RNAseq introns              :: single sample supports all introns
                                           SAMEA1965299, SAMEA1966682
                                           [ECO:0000348]
            ##Evidence-Data-END##
            
            ##RefSeq-Attributes-START##
            MANE Ensembl match     :: ENST00000388835.4/ ENSP00000373487.3
            RefSeq Select criteria :: based on conservation, expression,
                                      longest protein
            ##RefSeq-Attributes-END##
            COMPLETENESS: full length.
PRIMARY     REFSEQ_SPAN         PRIMARY_IDENTIFIER PRIMARY_SPAN        COMP
            1-713               CD106591.1         60-772
            714-1408            X12881.1           704-1398
            1409-1413           AC107016.20        18682-18686         c
FEATURES             Location/Qualifiers
     source          1..1413
                     /organism="Homo sapiens"
                     /mol_type="mRNA"
                     /db_xref="taxon:9606"
                     /chromosome="12"
                     /map="12q13.13"
     gene            1..1413
                     /gene="KRT18"
                     /gene_synonym="CK-18; CYK18; K18"
                     /note="keratin 18"
                     /db_xref="GeneID:3875"
                     /db_xref="HGNC:HGNC:6430"
                     /db_xref="MIM:148070"
     exon            1..473
                     /gene="KRT18"
                     /gene_synonym="CK-18; CYK18; K18"
                     /inference="alignment:Splign:2.1.0"
     CDS             57..1349
                     /gene="KRT18"
                     /gene_synonym="CK-18; CYK18; K18"
                     /note="cytokeratin 18; cell proliferation-inducing gene 46
                     protein; keratin 18, type I"
                     /codon_start=1
                     /product="keratin, type I cytoskeletal 18"
                     /protein_id="NP_000215.1"
                     /db_xref="CCDS:CCDS31809.1"
                     /db_xref="GeneID:3875"
                     /db_xref="HGNC:HGNC:6430"
                     /db_xref="MIM:148070"
                     /translation="MSFTTRSTFSTNYRSLGSVQAPSYGARPVSSAASVYAGAGGSGS
                     RISVSRSTSFRGGMGSGGLATGIAGGLAGMGGIQNEKETMQSLNDRLASYLDRVRSLE
                     TENRRLESKIREHLEKKGPQVRDWSHYFKIIEDLRAQIFANTVDNARIVLQIDNARLA
                     ADDFRVKYETELAMRQSVENDIHGLRKVIDDTNITRLQLETEIEALKEELLFMKKNHE
                     EEVKGLQAQIASSGLTVEVDAPKSQDLAKIMADIRAQYDELARKNREELDKYWSQQIE
                     ESTTVVTTQSAEVGAAETTLTELRRTVQSLEIDLDSMRNLKASLENSLREVEARYALQ
                     MEQLNGILLHLESELAQTRAEGQRQAQEYEALLNIKVKLEAEIATYRRLLEDGEDFNL
                     GDALDSSNSMQTIQKTTTRRIVDGKVVSETNDTKVLRH"
     exon            474..556
                     /gene="KRT18"
                     /gene_synonym="CK-18; CYK18; K18"
                     /inference="alignment:Splign:2.1.0"
     exon            557..713
                     /gene="KRT18"
                     /gene_synonym="CK-18; CYK18; K18"
                     /inference="alignment:Splign:2.1.0"
     exon            714..878
                     /gene="KRT18"
                     /gene_synonym="CK-18; CYK18; K18"
                     /inference="alignment:Splign:2.1.0"
     exon            879..1004
                     /gene="KRT18"
                     /gene_synonym="CK-18; CYK18; K18"
                     /inference="alignment:Splign:2.1.0"
     exon            1005..1228
                     /gene="KRT18"
                     /gene_synonym="CK-18; CYK18; K18"
                     /inference="alignment:Splign:2.1.0"
     exon            1229..1413
                     /gene="KRT18"
                     /gene_synonym="CK-18; CYK18; K18"
                     /inference="alignment:Splign:2.1.0"
     regulatory      1389..1394
                     /regulatory_class="polyA_signal_sequence"
                     /gene="KRT18"
                     /gene_synonym="CK-18; CYK18; K18"
                     /note="hexamer: AATAAA"
     polyA_site      1413
                     /gene="KRT18"
                     /gene_synonym="CK-18; CYK18; K18"
                     /note="major polyA site"
ORIGIN      
        1 gccgccaccg tcgtccgcaa agcctgagtc ctgtcctttc tctctccccg gacagcatga
       61 gcttcaccac tcgctccacc ttctccacca actaccggtc cctgggctct gtccaggcgc
      121 ccagctacgg cgcccggccg gtcagcagcg cggccagcgt ctatgcaggc gctgggggct
      181 ctggttcccg gatctccgtg tcccgctcca ccagcttcag gggcggcatg gggtccgggg
      241 gcctggccac cgggatagcc gggggtctgg caggaatggg aggcatccag aacgagaagg
      301 agaccatgca aagcctgaac gaccgcctgg cctcttacct ggacagagtg aggagcctgg
      361 agaccgagaa ccggaggctg gagagcaaaa tccgggagca cttggagaag aagggacccc
      421 aggtcagaga ctggagccat tacttcaaga tcatcgagga cctgagggct cagatcttcg
      481 caaatactgt ggacaatgcc cgcatcgttc tgcagattga caatgcccgt cttgctgctg
      541 atgactttag agtcaagtat gagacagagc tggccatgcg ccagtctgtg gagaacgaca
      601 tccatgggct ccgcaaggtc attgatgaca ccaatatcac acgactgcag ctggagacag
      661 agatcgaggc tctcaaggag gagctgctct tcatgaagaa gaaccacgaa gaggaagtaa
      721 aaggcctaca agcccagatt gccagctctg ggttgaccgt ggaggtagat gcccccaaat
      781 ctcaggacct cgccaagatc atggcagaca tccgggccca atatgacgag ctggctcgga
      841 agaaccgaga ggagctagac aagtactggt ctcagcagat tgaggagagc accacagtgg
      901 tcaccacaca gtctgctgag gttggagctg ctgagacgac gctcacagag ctgagacgta
      961 cagtccagtc cttggagatc gacctggact ccatgagaaa tctgaaggcc agcttggaga
     1021 acagcctgag ggaggtggag gcccgctacg ccctacagat ggagcagctc aacgggatcc
     1081 tgctgcacct tgagtcagag ctggcacaga cccgggcaga gggacagcgc caggcccagg
     1141 agtatgaggc cctgctgaac atcaaggtca agctggaggc tgagatcgcc acctaccgcc
     1201 gcctgctgga agatggcgag gactttaatc ttggtgatgc cttggacagc agcaactcca
     1261 tgcaaaccat ccaaaagacc accacccgcc ggatagtgga tggcaaagtg gtgtctgaga
     1321 ccaatgacac caaagttctg aggcattaag ccagcagaag cagggtaccc tttggggagc
     1381 aggaggccaa taaaaagttc agagttcatt gga
//
