LOCUS       NM_021803               3146 bp    mRNA    linear   PRI 06-AUG-2024
DEFINITION  Homo sapiens interleukin 21 (IL21), transcript variant 1, mRNA.
ACCESSION   NM_021803
VERSION     NM_021803.4
KEYWORDS    RefSeq; MANE Select.
SOURCE      Homo sapiens (human)
  ORGANISM  Homo sapiens
            Eukaryota; Metazoa; Chordata; Craniata; Vertebrata; Euteleostomi;
            Mammalia; Eutheria; Euarchontoglires; Primates; Haplorrhini;
            Catarrhini; Hominidae; Homo.
REFERENCE   1  (bases 1 to 3146)
  AUTHORS   Shufang,M., Xiaojiao,H. and Yinhong,K.
  TITLE     Pro-inflammatory cytokine IL-21 correlates with the reactive oxygen
            species and 25-hydroxy vitamin D in rheumatoid arthritis patients
  JOURNAL   Immun Inflamm Dis 12 (7), e1308 (2024)
   PUBMED   39056553
  REMARK    GeneRIF: Pro-inflammatory cytokine IL-21 correlates with the
            reactive oxygen species and 25-hydroxy vitamin D in rheumatoid
            arthritis patients.
REFERENCE   2  (bases 1 to 3146)
  AUTHORS   Isvoranu,G. and Chiritoiu-Butnaru,M.
  TITLE     Therapeutic potential of interleukin-21 in cancer
  JOURNAL   Front Immunol 15, 1369743 (2024)
   PUBMED   38638431
  REMARK    GeneRIF: Therapeutic potential of interleukin-21 in cancer.
            Review article
            Publication Status: Online-Only
REFERENCE   3  (bases 1 to 3146)
  AUTHORS   Shbeer,A.M. and Ahmed Robadi,I.
  TITLE     The role of Interleukin-21 in autoimmune Diseases: Mechanisms,
            therapeutic Implications, and future directions
  JOURNAL   Cytokine 173, 156437 (2024)
   PUBMED   37972478
  REMARK    GeneRIF: The role of Interleukin-21 in autoimmune Diseases:
            Mechanisms, therapeutic Implications, and future directions.
            Review article
REFERENCE   4  (bases 1 to 3146)
  AUTHORS   Cai,Y., Ji,H., Zhou,X., Zhao,K., Zhang,X., Pan,L. and Shi,R.
  TITLE     Interleukin-21 modulates balance between regulatory T cells and
            T-helper 17 cells in chronic hepatitis B virus infection
  JOURNAL   BMC Infect Dis 23 (1), 719 (2023)
   PUBMED   37875903
  REMARK    GeneRIF: Interleukin-21 modulates balance between regulatory T
            cells and T-helper 17 cells in chronic hepatitis B virus infection.
            Publication Status: Online-Only
REFERENCE   5  (bases 1 to 3146)
  AUTHORS   Yi,J.S., Cox,M.A. and Zajac,A.J.
  TITLE     Interleukin-21: a multifunctional regulator of immunity to
            infections
  JOURNAL   Microbes Infect 12 (14-15), 1111-1119 (2010)
   PUBMED   20817119
  REMARK    Review article
REFERENCE   6  (bases 1 to 3146)
  AUTHORS   Strengell,M., Sareneva,T., Foster,D., Julkunen,I. and Matikainen,S.
  TITLE     IL-21 up-regulates the expression of genes associated with innate
            immunity and Th1 response
  JOURNAL   J Immunol 169 (7), 3600-3605 (2002)
   PUBMED   12244150
  REMARK    GeneRIF: IL-21 rapidly induces mRNA synthesis for IFN-gamma, T-bet,
            IL-2 receptor alpha, IL-12 receptor beta 2, IL-18 receptor, and
            myeloid differentiation factor 88, the genes that are important in
            activating innate immunity and Th1 response in NK and T cells.
REFERENCE   7  (bases 1 to 3146)
  AUTHORS   Asao,H., Okuyama,C., Kumaki,S., Ishii,N., Tsuchiya,S., Foster,D.
            and Sugamura,K.
  TITLE     Cutting edge: the common gamma-chain is an indispensable subunit of
            the IL-21 receptor complex
  JOURNAL   J Immunol 167 (1), 1-5 (2001)
   PUBMED   11418623
REFERENCE   8  (bases 1 to 3146)
  AUTHORS   Vosshenrich,C.A. and Di Santo,J.P.
  TITLE     Cytokines: IL-21 joins the gamma(c)-dependent network?
  JOURNAL   Curr Biol 11 (5), R175-R177 (2001)
   PUBMED   11267886
REFERENCE   9  (bases 1 to 3146)
  AUTHORS   Parrish-Novak,J., Dillon,S.R., Nelson,A., Hammond,A., Sprecher,C.,
            Gross,J.A., Johnston,J., Madden,K., Xu,W., West,J., Schrader,S.,
            Burkhead,S., Heipel,M., Brandt,C., Kuijper,J.L., Kramer,J.,
            Conklin,D., Presnell,S.R., Berry,J., Shiota,F., Bort,S., Hambly,K.,
            Mudri,S., Clegg,C., Moore,M., Grant,F.J., Lofton-Day,C.,
            Gilbert,T., Rayond,F., Ching,A., Yao,L., Smith,D., Webster,P.,
            Whitmore,T., Maurer,M., Kaushansky,K., Holly,R.D. and Foster,D.
  TITLE     Interleukin 21 and its receptor are involved in NK cell expansion
            and regulation of lymphocyte function
  JOURNAL   Nature 408 (6808), 57-63 (2000)
   PUBMED   11081504
REFERENCE   10 (bases 1 to 3146)
  AUTHORS   Flores,I., Casaseca,T., Martinez-A,C., Kanoh,H. and Merida,I.
  TITLE     Phosphatidic acid generation through interleukin 2 (IL-2)-induced
            alpha-diacylglycerol kinase activation is an essential step in
            IL-2-mediated lymphocyte proliferation
  JOURNAL   J Biol Chem 271 (17), 10334-10340 (1996)
   PUBMED   8626603
COMMENT     REVIEWED REFSEQ: This record has been curated by NCBI staff. The
            reference sequence was derived from AC053545.5, AF254069.1,
            BC069124.1 and LC133256.1.
            This sequence is a reference standard in the RefSeqGene project.
            
            On Jul 31, 2018 this sequence version replaced NM_021803.3.
            
            Summary: This gene encodes a member of the common-gamma chain
            family of cytokines with immunoregulatory activity. The encoded
            protein plays a role in both the innate and adaptive immune
            responses by inducing the differentiation, proliferation and
            activity of multiple target cells including macrophages, natural
            killer cells, B cells and cytotoxic T cells. Dysregulation of this
            gene plays a role in multiple immune-mediated diseases including
            lupus, psoriasis and chronic inflammatory diseases. Alternatively
            spliced transcript variants encoding multiple isoforms have been
            observed for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Dec 2011].
            
            Transcript Variant: This variant (1) encodes the longer isoform
            (1).
            
            Sequence Note: This RefSeq record was created from transcript and
            genomic sequence data to make the sequence consistent with the
            reference genome assembly. The genomic coordinates used for the
            transcript record were based on transcript alignments.
            
            Publication Note:  This RefSeq record includes a subset of the
            publications that are available for this gene. Please see the Gene
            record to access additional publications.
            
            ##Evidence-Data-START##
            Transcript exon combination :: LC133256.1, BC069124.1 [ECO:0000332]
            RNAseq introns              :: single sample supports all introns
                                           SAMEA1965299, SAMEA1966682
                                           [ECO:0000348]
            ##Evidence-Data-END##
            
            ##RefSeq-Attributes-START##
            MANE Ensembl match     :: ENST00000648588.1/ ENSP00000497915.1
            RefSeq Select criteria :: based on manual assertion, conservation,
                                      expression, longest protein
            ##RefSeq-Attributes-END##
PRIMARY     REFSEQ_SPAN         PRIMARY_IDENTIFIER PRIMARY_SPAN        COMP
            1-9                 AC053545.5         45955-45963         c
            10-15               AF254069.1         1-6
            16-626              BC069124.1         1-611
            627-2788            LC133256.1         618-2779
            2789-2789           AC053545.5         35362-35362         c
            2790-3146           LC133256.1         2781-3137
FEATURES             Location/Qualifiers
     source          1..3146
                     /organism="Homo sapiens"
                     /mol_type="mRNA"
                     /db_xref="taxon:9606"
                     /chromosome="4"
                     /map="4q27"
     gene            1..3146
                     /gene="IL21"
                     /gene_synonym="CVID11; IL-21; Za11"
                     /note="interleukin 21"
                     /db_xref="GeneID:59067"
                     /db_xref="HGNC:HGNC:6005"
                     /db_xref="MIM:605384"
     exon            1..223
                     /gene="IL21"
                     /gene_synonym="CVID11; IL-21; Za11"
                     /inference="alignment:Splign:2.1.0"
     CDS             56..544
                     /gene="IL21"
                     /gene_synonym="CVID11; IL-21; Za11"
                     /note="isoform 1 precursor is encoded by transcript
                     variant 1"
                     /codon_start=1
                     /product="interleukin-21 isoform 1 precursor"
                     /protein_id="NP_068575.1"
                     /db_xref="CCDS:CCDS3727.1"
                     /db_xref="GeneID:59067"
                     /db_xref="HGNC:HGNC:6005"
                     /db_xref="MIM:605384"
                     /translation="MRSSPGNMERIVICLMVIFLGTLVHKSSSQGQDRHMIRMRQLID
                     IVDQLKNYVNDLVPEFLPAPEDVETNCEWSAFSCFQKAQLKSANTGNNERIINVSIKK
                     LKRKPPSTNAGRRQKHRLTCPSCDSYEKKPPKEFLERFKSLLQKMIHQHLSSRTHGSE
                     DS"
     exon            224..259
                     /gene="IL21"
                     /gene_synonym="CVID11; IL-21; Za11"
                     /inference="alignment:Splign:2.1.0"
     exon            260..415
                     /gene="IL21"
                     /gene_synonym="CVID11; IL-21; Za11"
                     /inference="alignment:Splign:2.1.0"
     exon            416..493
                     /gene="IL21"
                     /gene_synonym="CVID11; IL-21; Za11"
                     /inference="alignment:Splign:2.1.0"
     exon            494..3146
                     /gene="IL21"
                     /gene_synonym="CVID11; IL-21; Za11"
                     /inference="alignment:Splign:2.1.0"
ORIGIN      
        1 ctcagtcaag ctgaagtgaa aacgagacca aggtctagct ctactgttgg tacttatgag
       61 atccagtcct ggcaacatgg agaggattgt catctgtctg atggtcatct tcttggggac
      121 actggtccac aaatcaagct cccaaggtca agatcgccac atgattagaa tgcgtcaact
      181 tatagatatt gttgatcagc tgaaaaatta tgtgaatgac ttggtccctg aatttctgcc
      241 agctccagaa gatgtagaga caaactgtga gtggtcagct ttttcctgct ttcagaaggc
      301 ccaactaaag tcagcaaata caggaaacaa tgaaaggata atcaatgtat caattaaaaa
      361 gctgaagagg aaaccacctt ccacaaatgc agggagaaga cagaaacaca gactaacatg
      421 cccttcatgt gattcttatg agaaaaaacc acccaaagaa ttcctagaaa gattcaaatc
      481 acttctccaa aagatgattc atcagcatct gtcctctaga acacacggaa gtgaagattc
      541 ctgaggatct aacttgcagt tggacactat gttacatact ctaatatagt agtgaaagtc
      601 atttctttgt attccaagtg gaggagtaca atatattagc gatgggaaaa aaaaactcat
      661 aagtgtgcaa agtcaggatt atttccccat aatcactata caatagtctg atttcctatg
      721 ttattgattt ctatgacttc tgaagttttt actttatctc actgcccaac tttgacattt
      781 cttggttgaa ggagaaggct aaaattttta accaaaaata cagttttgac atctattgat
      841 tttatattaa ccttgagctt gattaccacc agaatgaggt ctattatgat cataacttaa
      901 aacatatata ccttcattcc agctgataat atagaagcat agaagcaaaa tatataaaag
      961 caaaatgaaa agttgacatc tttattcttt taaggaaatg aaaactgagt gtttaaaaac
     1021 ttatatctga atagtttttt aaatctcaga atgtctaaca tataaatatg taatttattt
     1081 atgcaccggg ggatactaga tggctataaa agccttactt ctttattggg gtttataaaa
     1141 atatttaaat actatagata tgaatgtatt tatggaatag actcttagtc agtggcaata
     1201 gagtattaag aagtggattt aatattacct tcctccagcc cccagtcccc ttataagcta
     1261 acattttaag cttgtggaaa tggcaattta aacctataga gggacatatg ccaggttgtc
     1321 ttctggaacc aaacatagtt ttaaaagtat tgtagctctc ttctcaaact gttataatga
     1381 tcatattatg agcaagctag taactccaaa tatttgtctc cttctttctt ctttcgtttc
     1441 ttttcttcct tctttttaaa atgaaacttc tgctttgaca aaatttcaca acatgtttaa
     1501 cattttggac acttatagtt actatacttt ggataagaca aattcaatca cctatataat
     1561 ttaaaaatca ggagacaaac caagaggcca ggactcctgt ccaagttgaa aacagacttt
     1621 cgcataagca ttccaatctt tcagacttgg gtagtaaaaa caagcaacct actctacctg
     1681 ccatttcata tcaactccag cacagcttgt ttaaacatga agttaaaaac tctagaaaag
     1741 taaaatgttc gctagaatgg tataagctat ttgagaatct cttattgtta aaatagttgt
     1801 gattatgcaa gaggatgtgg gatgagaaat gctttatgct ctgagaagaa aaattatgtg
     1861 cttaaaacaa atacagactt aacctacagt tctaaaagat atattgagaa ttatttaatc
     1921 aaatctcaat gaaatgtttt atcatcagca agtagactca gaaaaaagaa aaaaaaattt
     1981 atcatcagaa acaaggtact ctgttttaac attttagaac atgtatgaca aaggaattat
     2041 gtgcctgatg atgataatat atatctaaaa tgtgcctcag tttcaaatac gccagcccgg
     2101 gttgttgtga caaaatgtgg aagcaggcac aaagatagtg agaaagatgg aatctgtatt
     2161 tcttgtttct gaatgtatag ctattaactt cttggatatt gtatttcata tttaaaataa
     2221 tgtatttctt ttggcatgtt tattgttaaa aatttctgtt ccaattattt tgatcagggt
     2281 ctctatctta aaagtaaaaa taactcagtg agggtttggc taagagcctt cattaaacag
     2341 agtttaaaca cccagataaa ctctgctgtt taaccagagt taaacccacc agcactccag
     2401 gaaaggcaat gcattggaat aaacaagatg aagcagtgag acttgaacag ctccatcttc
     2461 actgctctat gttcaagatg gccagttctt aaaaggaata taaagataac ccataaatat
     2521 aactgttcat ctatggacag taatacagga gacgtgaaat tttgttgact atgaaatagt
     2581 ggtcactgtt taaactcttt gggtttccat ttctttatct gtagaatgag agtgctggac
     2641 ttaatctcta atgtctattc tttctttttt aaagctttaa atgtctatga atatctaaag
     2701 ttctgggtat tcttacagaa acatctgatc atacttctga gtaaaacttt ctactgagtc
     2761 tgatgttcag ttgctcagta ttatttcaat aacatttgta gcaacactca ctgcaggaac
     2821 aagggacata ttccaagaaa aaaaaggaag gaaggaagga ggggagaaaa ggaaacatta
     2881 ttataggtca tgagagttca gggaaaatta atcatgatct ttattatttt agttcaaagt
     2941 gtcttcttgg aacacttgta taaaattgta gcattattat tctatattat tgctctgttg
     3001 tatttacata tgcatctgag aatttagcta atatgaacta tgtagtttat aacttaataa
     3061 ttatttatta tatatttgat tttaaatgtt catgtttatg gcttcttatt taagacctga
     3121 tcatattaaa tactacccgc ccagta
//
