LOCUS       NM_000575               2017 bp    mRNA    linear   PRI 12-NOV-2024
DEFINITION  Homo sapiens interleukin 1 alpha (IL1A), transcript variant 1,
            mRNA.
ACCESSION   NM_000575
VERSION     NM_000575.5
KEYWORDS    RefSeq; MANE Select.
SOURCE      Homo sapiens (human)
  ORGANISM  Homo sapiens
            Eukaryota; Metazoa; Chordata; Craniata; Vertebrata; Euteleostomi;
            Mammalia; Eutheria; Euarchontoglires; Primates; Haplorrhini;
            Catarrhini; Hominidae; Homo.
REFERENCE   1  (bases 1 to 2017)
  AUTHORS   Farhad Sadr Tabatabaie,S., Salahshoorifar,I., Pouresmaeili,F.,
            Hosseinpour Golloo,Z., Aarabi,A., Kholghi Oskooei,V. and
            Vatannejad,A.
  TITLE     Association between IL-6 -174 G/C (rs1800795) and IL-1A -889 C/T
            (rs1800587) cytokine variants with polycystic ovary syndrome in
            Iranian women: A case-control study
  JOURNAL   Gene 933, 148906 (2025)
   PUBMED   39222755
  REMARK    GeneRIF: Association between IL-6 -174 G/C (rs1800795) and IL-1A
            -889 C/T (rs1800587) cytokine variants with polycystic ovary
            syndrome in Iranian women: A case-control study.
REFERENCE   2  (bases 1 to 2017)
  AUTHORS   Xiang,Y., Liu,S., Wan,S., Chen,Q., Song,Y., Feng,G., Zhang,X.,
            Bai,L. and Zhu,Y.
  TITLE     Interleukin-1 increases SERPINE1 expression in human
            granulosa-lutein cell via P50/P52 signaling pathways
  JOURNAL   Mol Cell Endocrinol 591, 112274 (2024)
   PUBMED   38777211
  REMARK    GeneRIF: Interleukin-1 increases SERPINE1 expression in human
            granulosa-lutein cell via P50/P52 signaling pathways.
REFERENCE   3  (bases 1 to 2017)
  AUTHORS   Usman,K., Fouadi,M., Nwozor,K.O., Aminazadeh,F., Nair,P., Luo,H.,
            Sin,D.D., Osei,E.T. and Hackett,T.L.
  TITLE     Interleukin-1alpha inhibits transforming growth factor-beta1 and
            beta2-induced extracellular matrix production, remodeling and
            signaling in human lung fibroblasts: Master regulator in lung
            mucosal repair
  JOURNAL   Matrix Biol 132, 47-58 (2024)
   PUBMED   39147560
  REMARK    GeneRIF: Interleukin-1alpha inhibits transforming growth
            factor-beta1 and beta2-induced extracellular matrix production,
            remodeling and signaling in human lung fibroblasts: Master
            regulator in lung mucosal repair.
REFERENCE   4  (bases 1 to 2017)
  AUTHORS   Zhang,C., Ma,J., Zhang,X., Zhou,D., Cao,Z., Qiao,L., Chen,G.,
            Yang,L. and Ding,B.S.
  TITLE     Processing of angiocrine alarmin IL-1alpha in endothelial cells
            promotes lung and liver fibrosis
  JOURNAL   Int Immunopharmacol 134, 112176 (2024)
   PUBMED   38723369
  REMARK    GeneRIF: Processing of angiocrine alarmin IL-1alpha in endothelial
            cells promotes lung and liver fibrosis.
REFERENCE   5  (bases 1 to 2017)
  AUTHORS   Liu,N., Liu,C., Wu,Y. and Li,H.
  TITLE     Correlations of IL-1 and IL-6 Gene polymorphisms with hypertrophic
            cardiomyopathy
  JOURNAL   Cell Mol Biol (Noisy-le-grand) 70 (4), 61-67 (2024)
   PUBMED   38678626
  REMARK    GeneRIF: Correlations of IL-1 and IL-6 Gene polymorphisms with
            hypertrophic cardiomyopathy.
            Publication Status: Online-Only
REFERENCE   6  (bases 1 to 2017)
  AUTHORS   van de Veerdonk,F.L. and Netea,M.G.
  TITLE     Blocking IL-1 to prevent respiratory failure in COVID-19
  JOURNAL   Crit Care 24 (1), 445 (2020)
   PUBMED   32682440
  REMARK    Review article
            Publication Status: Online-Only
REFERENCE   7  (bases 1 to 2017)
  AUTHORS   Kumar,S., Millis,A.J. and Baglioni,C.
  TITLE     Expression of interleukin 1-inducible genes and production of
            interleukin 1 by aging human fibroblasts
  JOURNAL   Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 89 (10), 4683-4687 (1992)
   PUBMED   1584804
REFERENCE   8  (bases 1 to 2017)
  AUTHORS   Clinton,S.K., Underwood,R., Hayes,L., Sherman,M.L., Kufe,D.W. and
            Libby,P.
  TITLE     Macrophage colony-stimulating factor gene expression in vascular
            cells and in experimental and human atherosclerosis
  JOURNAL   Am J Pathol 140 (2), 301-316 (1992)
   PUBMED   1739124
REFERENCE   9  (bases 1 to 2017)
  AUTHORS   Hogquist,K.A., Nett,M.A., Unanue,E.R. and Chaplin,D.D.
  TITLE     Interleukin 1 is processed and released during apoptosis
  JOURNAL   Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 88 (19), 8485-8489 (1991)
   PUBMED   1924307
REFERENCE   10 (bases 1 to 2017)
  AUTHORS   Ishikura,H., Takahashi,C., Kanagawa,K., Hirata,H., Imai,K. and
            Yoshiki,T.
  TITLE     Cytokine regulation of ICAM-1 expression on human renal tubular
            epithelial cells in vitro
  JOURNAL   Transplantation 51 (6), 1272-1275 (1991)
   PUBMED   1675504
COMMENT     REVIEWED REFSEQ: This record has been curated by NCBI staff. The
            reference sequence was derived from AC112235.4.
            This sequence is a reference standard in the RefSeqGene project.
            
            On Jul 18, 2019 this sequence version replaced NM_000575.4.
            
            Summary: The protein encoded by this gene is a member of the
            interleukin 1 cytokine family. This cytokine is a pleiotropic
            cytokine involved in various immune responses, inflammatory
            processes, and hematopoiesis. This cytokine is produced by
            monocytes and macrophages as a proprotein, which is proteolytically
            processed and released in response to cell injury, and thus induces
            apoptosis. This gene and eight other interleukin 1 family genes
            form a cytokine gene cluster on chromosome 2. It has been suggested
            that the polymorphism of these genes is associated with rheumatoid
            arthritis and Alzheimer's disease. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008].
            
            Sequence Note: The RefSeq transcript and protein were derived from
            genomic sequence to make the sequence consistent with the reference
            genome assembly. The genomic coordinates used for the transcript
            record were based on alignments.
            
            Publication Note:  This RefSeq record includes a subset of the
            publications that are available for this gene. Please see the Gene
            record to access additional publications.
            
            ##Evidence-Data-START##
            Transcript exon combination :: X02851.1, BC035169.2 [ECO:0000332]
            RNAseq introns              :: mixed sample support SAMEA1965299,
                                           SAMEA1966682 [ECO:0006172]
            ##Evidence-Data-END##
            
            ##RefSeq-Attributes-START##
            coronavirus related    :: involved in cytokine storm inflammatory
                                      response
            MANE Ensembl match     :: ENST00000263339.4/ ENSP00000263339.3
            RefSeq Select criteria :: based on conservation, expression,
                                      longest protein
            ##RefSeq-Attributes-END##
            COMPLETENESS: complete on the 3' end.
PRIMARY     REFSEQ_SPAN         PRIMARY_IDENTIFIER PRIMARY_SPAN        COMP
            1-51                AC112235.4         28157-28207         c
            52-106              AC112235.4         27438-27492         c
            107-155             AC112235.4         26430-26478         c
            156-378             AC112235.4         25318-25540         c
            379-549             AC112235.4         23210-23380         c
            550-674             AC112235.4         21701-21825         c
            675-2017            AC112235.4         17639-18981         c
FEATURES             Location/Qualifiers
     source          1..2017
                     /organism="Homo sapiens"
                     /mol_type="mRNA"
                     /db_xref="taxon:9606"
                     /chromosome="2"
                     /map="2q14.1"
     gene            1..2017
                     /gene="IL1A"
                     /gene_synonym="IL-1 alpha; IL-1A; IL1; IL1-ALPHA; IL1F1"
                     /note="interleukin 1 alpha"
                     /db_xref="GeneID:3552"
                     /db_xref="HGNC:HGNC:5991"
                     /db_xref="MIM:147760"
     exon            1..51
                     /gene="IL1A"
                     /gene_synonym="IL-1 alpha; IL-1A; IL1; IL1-ALPHA; IL1F1"
                     /inference="alignment:Splign:2.1.0"
     exon            52..106
                     /gene="IL1A"
                     /gene_synonym="IL-1 alpha; IL-1A; IL1; IL1-ALPHA; IL1F1"
                     /inference="alignment:Splign:2.1.0"
     CDS             60..875
                     /gene="IL1A"
                     /gene_synonym="IL-1 alpha; IL-1A; IL1; IL1-ALPHA; IL1F1"
                     /note="preinterleukin 1 alpha; hematopoietin-1;
                     pro-interleukin-1-alpha"
                     /codon_start=1
                     /product="interleukin-1 alpha precursor"
                     /protein_id="NP_000566.3"
                     /db_xref="CCDS:CCDS2101.1"
                     /db_xref="GeneID:3552"
                     /db_xref="HGNC:HGNC:5991"
                     /db_xref="MIM:147760"
                     /translation="MAKVPDMFEDLKNCYSENEEDSSSIDHLSLNQKSFYHVSYGPLH
                     EGCMDQSVSLSISETSKTSKLTFKESMVVVATNGKVLKKRRLSLSQSITDDDLEAIAN
                     DSEEEIIKPRSAPFSFLSNVKYNFMRIIKYEFILNDALNQSIIRANDQYLTAAALHNL
                     DEAVKFDMGAYKSSKDDAKITVILRISKTQLYVTAQDEDQPVLLKEMPEIPKTITGSE
                     TNLLFFWETHGTKNYFTSVAHPNLFIATKQDYWVCLAGGPPSITDFQILENQA"
     exon            107..155
                     /gene="IL1A"
                     /gene_synonym="IL-1 alpha; IL-1A; IL1; IL1-ALPHA; IL1F1"
                     /inference="alignment:Splign:2.1.0"
     exon            156..378
                     /gene="IL1A"
                     /gene_synonym="IL-1 alpha; IL-1A; IL1; IL1-ALPHA; IL1F1"
                     /inference="alignment:Splign:2.1.0"
     exon            379..549
                     /gene="IL1A"
                     /gene_synonym="IL-1 alpha; IL-1A; IL1; IL1-ALPHA; IL1F1"
                     /inference="alignment:Splign:2.1.0"
     exon            550..674
                     /gene="IL1A"
                     /gene_synonym="IL-1 alpha; IL-1A; IL1; IL1-ALPHA; IL1F1"
                     /inference="alignment:Splign:2.1.0"
     exon            675..2017
                     /gene="IL1A"
                     /gene_synonym="IL-1 alpha; IL-1A; IL1; IL1-ALPHA; IL1F1"
                     /inference="alignment:Splign:2.1.0"
     regulatory      1999..2004
                     /regulatory_class="polyA_signal_sequence"
                     /gene="IL1A"
                     /gene_synonym="IL-1 alpha; IL-1A; IL1; IL1-ALPHA; IL1F1"
                     /note="hexamer: AATAAA"
     polyA_site      2017
                     /gene="IL1A"
                     /gene_synonym="IL-1 alpha; IL-1A; IL1; IL1-ALPHA; IL1F1"
                     /note="major polyA site"
ORIGIN      
        1 aagctgccag ccagagaggg agtcatttca ttggcgtttg agtcagcaaa gaagtcaaga
       61 tggccaaagt tccagacatg tttgaagacc tgaagaactg ttacagtgaa aatgaagaag
      121 acagttcctc cattgatcat ctgtctctga atcagaaatc cttctatcat gtaagctatg
      181 gcccactcca tgaaggctgc atggatcaat ctgtgtctct gagtatctct gaaacctcta
      241 aaacatccaa gcttaccttc aaggagagca tggtggtagt agcaaccaac gggaaggttc
      301 tgaagaagag acggttgagt ttaagccaat ccatcactga tgatgacctg gaggccatcg
      361 ccaatgactc agaggaagaa atcatcaagc ctaggtcagc accttttagc ttcctgagca
      421 atgtgaaata caactttatg aggatcatca aatacgaatt catcctgaat gacgccctca
      481 atcaaagtat aattcgagcc aatgatcagt acctcacggc tgctgcatta cataatctgg
      541 atgaagcagt gaaatttgac atgggtgctt ataagtcatc aaaggatgat gctaaaatta
      601 ccgtgattct aagaatctca aaaactcaat tgtatgtgac tgcccaagat gaagaccaac
      661 cagtgctgct gaaggagatg cctgagatac ccaaaaccat cacaggtagt gagaccaacc
      721 tcctcttctt ctgggaaact cacggcacta agaactattt cacatcagtt gcccatccaa
      781 acttgtttat tgccacaaag caagactact gggtgtgctt ggcagggggg ccaccctcta
      841 tcactgactt tcagatactg gaaaaccagg cgtaggtctg gagtctcact tgtctcactt
      901 gtgcagtgtt gacagttcat atgtaccatg tacatgaaga agctaaatcc tttactgtta
      961 gtcatttgct gagcatgtac tgagccttgt aattctaaat gaatgtttac actctttgta
     1021 agagtggaac caacactaac atataatgtt gttatttaaa gaacacccta tattttgcat
     1081 agtaccaatc attttaatta ttattcttca taacaatttt aggaggacca gagctactga
     1141 ctatggctac caaaaagact ctacccatat tacagatggg caaattaagg cataagaaaa
     1201 ctaagaaata tgcacaatag cagttgaaac aagaagccac agacctagga tttcatgatt
     1261 tcatttcaac tgtttgcctt ctacttttaa gttgctgatg aactcttaat caaatagcat
     1321 aagtttctgg gacctcagtt ttatcatttt caaaatggag ggaataatac ctaagccttc
     1381 ctgccgcaac agttttttat gctaatcagg gaggtcattt tggtaaaata cttcttgaag
     1441 ccgagcctca agatgaaggc aaagcacgaa atgttatttt ttaattatta tttatatatg
     1501 tatttataaa tatatttaag ataattataa tatactatat ttatgggaac cccttcatcc
     1561 tctgagtgtg accaggcatc ctccacaata gcagacagtg ttttctggga taagtaagtt
     1621 tgatttcatt aatacagggc attttggtcc aagttgtgct tatcccatag ccaggaaact
     1681 ctgcattcta gtacttggga gacctgtaat catataataa atgtacatta attaccttga
     1741 gccagtaatt ggtccgatct ttgactcttt tgccattaaa cttacctggg cattcttgtt
     1801 tcaattccac ctgcaatcaa gtcctacaag ctaaaattag atgaactcaa ctttgacaac
     1861 catgagacca ctgttatcaa aactttcttt tctggaatgt aatcaatgtt tcttctaggt
     1921 tctaaaaatt gtgatcagac cataatgtta cattattatc aacaatagtg attgatagag
     1981 tgttatcagt cataactaaa taaagcttgc aacaaaa
//
