LOCUS       NM_001562               1115 bp    mRNA    linear   PRI 12-NOV-2024
DEFINITION  Homo sapiens interleukin 18 (IL18), transcript variant 1, mRNA.
ACCESSION   NM_001562
VERSION     NM_001562.4
KEYWORDS    RefSeq; MANE Select.
SOURCE      Homo sapiens (human)
  ORGANISM  Homo sapiens
            Eukaryota; Metazoa; Chordata; Craniata; Vertebrata; Euteleostomi;
            Mammalia; Eutheria; Euarchontoglires; Primates; Haplorrhini;
            Catarrhini; Hominidae; Homo.
REFERENCE   1  (bases 1 to 1115)
  AUTHORS   Gui,R., Ren,Y., Wang,Z., Li,Y., Wu,C., Li,X., Li,M., Li,Y., Qian,L.
            and Xiong,Y.
  TITLE     Deciphering interleukin-18 in diabetes and its complications:
            Biological features, mechanisms, and therapeutic perspectives
  JOURNAL   Obes Rev 25 (11), e13818 (2024)
   PUBMED   39191434
  REMARK    GeneRIF: Deciphering interleukin-18 in diabetes and its
            complications: Biological features, mechanisms, and therapeutic
            perspectives.
            Review article
REFERENCE   2  (bases 1 to 1115)
  AUTHORS   Xiang,J., Zheng,X., Luo,L. and Yang,X.
  TITLE     Role of interleukin-18 in mediating the impacts of celiac disease
            on osteoporosis: a Mendelian randomization study
  JOURNAL   Front Immunol 15, 1453657 (2024)
   PUBMED   39445015
  REMARK    GeneRIF: Role of interleukin-18 in mediating the impacts of celiac
            disease on osteoporosis: a Mendelian randomization study.
            Publication Status: Online-Only
REFERENCE   3  (bases 1 to 1115)
  AUTHORS   Zhao,C., Zhao,J.W., Zhang,Y.H., Zhu,Y.D., Yang,Z.Y., Liu,S.L.,
            Tang,Q.Y., Yang,Y., Wang,H.K., Shu,Y.J., Dong,P., Wu,X.S. and
            Gong,W.
  TITLE     PTBP3 Mediates IL-18 Exon Skipping to Promote Immune Escape in
            Gallbladder Cancer
  JOURNAL   Adv Sci (Weinh) 11 (38), e2406633 (2024)
   PUBMED   39116343
  REMARK    GeneRIF: PTBP3 Mediates IL-18 Exon Skipping to Promote Immune
            Escape in Gallbladder Cancer.
REFERENCE   4  (bases 1 to 1115)
  AUTHORS   Di,Y., Wang,Z., Xiao,J., Zhang,X., Ye,L., Wen,X., Qin,J., Lu,L.,
            Wang,X. and He,W.
  TITLE     ACSL6-activated IL-18R1-NF-kappaB promotes IL-18-mediated tumor
            immune evasion and tumor progression
  JOURNAL   Sci Adv 10 (38), eadp0719 (2024)
   PUBMED   39292786
  REMARK    GeneRIF: ACSL6-activated IL-18R1-NF-kappaB promotes IL-18-mediated
            tumor immune evasion and tumor progression.
REFERENCE   5  (bases 1 to 1115)
  AUTHORS   Hussein,Z.A. and Al-Ahmar,S.D.
  TITLE     IL-10 and IL-18: Key players in liver damage associated with
            hepatitis A virus infection
  JOURNAL   Hum Antibodies 32 (4), 201-211 (2024)
   PUBMED   39240632
  REMARK    GeneRIF: IL-10 and IL-18: Key players in liver damage associated
            with hepatitis A virus infection.
REFERENCE   6  (bases 1 to 1115)
  AUTHORS   Yoshimoto,T., Okamura,H., Tagawa,Y.I., Iwakura,Y. and Nakanishi,K.
  TITLE     Interleukin 18 together with interleukin 12 inhibits IgE production
            by induction of interferon-gamma production from activated B cells
  JOURNAL   Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 94 (8), 3948-3953 (1997)
   PUBMED   9108085
REFERENCE   7  (bases 1 to 1115)
  AUTHORS   Gu,Y., Kuida,K., Tsutsui,H., Ku,G., Hsiao,K., Fleming,M.A.,
            Hayashi,N., Higashino,K., Okamura,H., Nakanishi,K., Kurimoto,M.,
            Tanimoto,T., Flavell,R.A., Sato,V., Harding,M.W., Livingston,D.J.
            and Su,M.S.
  TITLE     Activation of interferon-gamma inducing factor mediated by
            interleukin-1beta converting enzyme
  JOURNAL   Science 275 (5297), 206-209 (1997)
   PUBMED   8999548
REFERENCE   8  (bases 1 to 1115)
  AUTHORS   Micallef,M.J., Ohtsuki,T., Kohno,K., Tanabe,F., Ushio,S., Namba,M.,
            Tanimoto,T., Torigoe,K., Fujii,M., Ikeda,M., Fukuda,S. and
            Kurimoto,M.
  TITLE     Interferon-gamma-inducing factor enhances T helper 1 cytokine
            production by stimulated human T cells: synergism with
            interleukin-12 for interferon-gamma production
  JOURNAL   Eur J Immunol 26 (7), 1647-1651 (1996)
   PUBMED   8766574
REFERENCE   9  (bases 1 to 1115)
  AUTHORS   Ushio,S., Namba,M., Okura,T., Hattori,K., Nukada,Y., Akita,K.,
            Tanabe,F., Konishi,K., Micallef,M., Fujii,M., Torigoe,K.,
            Tanimoto,T., Fukuda,S., Ikeda,M., Okamura,H. and Kurimoto,M.
  TITLE     Cloning of the cDNA for human IFN-gamma-inducing factor, expression
            in Escherichia coli, and studies on the biologic activities of the
            protein
  JOURNAL   J Immunol 156 (11), 4274-4279 (1996)
   PUBMED   8666798
REFERENCE   10 (bases 1 to 1115)
  AUTHORS   Okamura,H., Tsutsi,H., Komatsu,T., Yutsudo,M., Hakura,A.,
            Tanimoto,T., Torigoe,K., Okura,T., Nukada,Y., Hattori,K. et al.
  TITLE     Cloning of a new cytokine that induces IFN-gamma production by T
            cells
  JOURNAL   Nature 378 (6552), 88-91 (1995)
   PUBMED   7477296
COMMENT     REVIEWED REFSEQ: This record has been curated by NCBI staff. The
            reference sequence was derived from BC007461.1, D49950.1 and
            AY266351.1.
            This sequence is a reference standard in the RefSeqGene project.
            
            On Nov 23, 2018 this sequence version replaced NM_001562.3.
            
            Summary: The protein encoded by this gene is a proinflammatory
            cytokine of the IL-1 family that is constitutively found as a
            precursor within the cytoplasm of a variety of cells including
            macrophages and keratinocytes. The inactive IL-18 precursor is
            processed to its active form by caspase-1, and is capable of
            stimulating interferon gamma production, and of regulating both T
            helper (Th) 1 and Th2 responses. This cytokine has been implicated
            in the injury of different organs, and in potentially fatal
            conditions characterized by a cytokine storm. In humans, IL-18 gene
            is located on chromosome 11. Alternatively spliced transcript
            variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this
            gene.[provided by RefSeq, Aug 2020].
            
            Transcript Variant: This variant (1) represents the predominant
            transcript, both variants 1 and 3 encode the same protein.
            
            Publication Note:  This RefSeq record includes a subset of the
            publications that are available for this gene. Please see the Gene
            record to access additional publications.
            
            ##Evidence-Data-START##
            Transcript exon combination :: D49950.1, BC007007.1 [ECO:0000332]
            RNAseq introns              :: mixed sample support SAMEA1965299,
                                           SAMEA1966682 [ECO:0006172]
            ##Evidence-Data-END##
            
            ##RefSeq-Attributes-START##
            coronavirus related    :: involved in cytokine storm inflammatory
                                      response
            MANE Ensembl match     :: ENST00000280357.12/ ENSP00000280357.7
            RefSeq Select criteria :: based on conservation, expression,
                                      longest protein
            ##RefSeq-Attributes-END##
            COMPLETENESS: full length.
PRIMARY     REFSEQ_SPAN         PRIMARY_IDENTIFIER PRIMARY_SPAN        COMP
            1-78                BC007461.1         24-101
            79-921              D49950.1           59-901
            922-1115            AY266351.1         890-1083
FEATURES             Location/Qualifiers
     source          1..1115
                     /organism="Homo sapiens"
                     /mol_type="mRNA"
                     /db_xref="taxon:9606"
                     /chromosome="11"
                     /map="11q23.1"
     gene            1..1115
                     /gene="IL18"
                     /gene_synonym="IGIF; IL-18; IL-1g; IL1F4"
                     /note="interleukin 18"
                     /db_xref="GeneID:3606"
                     /db_xref="HGNC:HGNC:5986"
                     /db_xref="MIM:600953"
     exon            1..189
                     /gene="IL18"
                     /gene_synonym="IGIF; IL-18; IL-1g; IL1F4"
                     /inference="alignment:Splign:2.1.0"
     exon            190..276
                     /gene="IL18"
                     /gene_synonym="IGIF; IL-18; IL-1g; IL1F4"
                     /inference="alignment:Splign:2.1.0"
     CDS             198..779
                     /gene="IL18"
                     /gene_synonym="IGIF; IL-18; IL-1g; IL1F4"
                     /note="isoform 1 precursor is encoded by transcript
                     variant 1; interleukin-1 gamma; IL-1 gamma; iboctadekin;
                     IFN-gamma-inducing factor; interleukin 18
                     (interferon-gamma-inducing factor)"
                     /codon_start=1
                     /product="interleukin-18 isoform 1 precursor"
                     /protein_id="NP_001553.1"
                     /db_xref="CCDS:CCDS44731.1"
                     /db_xref="GeneID:3606"
                     /db_xref="HGNC:HGNC:5986"
                     /db_xref="MIM:600953"
                     /translation="MAAEPVEDNCINFVAMKFIDNTLYFIAEDDENLESDYFGKLESK
                     LSVIRNLNDQVLFIDQGNRPLFEDMTDSDCRDNAPRTIFIISMYKDSQPRGMAVTISV
                     KCEKISTLSCENKIISFKEMNPPDNIKDTKSDIIFFQRSVPGHDNKMQFESSSYEGYF
                     LACEKERDLFKLILKKEDELGDRSIMFTVQNED"
     exon            277..288
                     /gene="IL18"
                     /gene_synonym="IGIF; IL-18; IL-1g; IL1F4"
                     /inference="alignment:Splign:2.1.0"
     exon            289..423
                     /gene="IL18"
                     /gene_synonym="IGIF; IL-18; IL-1g; IL1F4"
                     /inference="alignment:Splign:2.1.0"
     exon            424..557
                     /gene="IL18"
                     /gene_synonym="IGIF; IL-18; IL-1g; IL1F4"
                     /inference="alignment:Splign:2.1.0"
     exon            558..1115
                     /gene="IL18"
                     /gene_synonym="IGIF; IL-18; IL-1g; IL1F4"
                     /inference="alignment:Splign:2.1.0"
     regulatory      1095..1100
                     /regulatory_class="polyA_signal_sequence"
                     /gene="IL18"
                     /gene_synonym="IGIF; IL-18; IL-1g; IL1F4"
                     /note="hexamer: AATAAA"
     polyA_site      1115
                     /gene="IL18"
                     /gene_synonym="IGIF; IL-18; IL-1g; IL1F4"
                     /note="major polyA site"
ORIGIN      
        1 cctttgctcc cctggcgact gcctggacag tcagcaagga attgtctccc agtgcatttt
       61 gccctcctgg ctgccaactc tggctgctaa agcggctgcc acctgctgca gtctacacag
      121 cttcgggaag aggaaaggaa cctcagacct tccagatcgc ttcctctcgc aacaaactat
      181 ttgtcgcagg aataaagatg gctgctgaac cagtagaaga caattgcatc aactttgtgg
      241 caatgaaatt tattgacaat acgctttact ttatagctga agatgatgaa aacctggaat
      301 cagattactt tggcaagctt gaatctaaat tatcagtcat aagaaatttg aatgaccaag
      361 ttctcttcat tgaccaagga aatcggcctc tatttgaaga tatgactgat tctgactgta
      421 gagataatgc accccggacc atatttatta taagtatgta taaagatagc cagcctagag
      481 gtatggctgt aactatctct gtgaagtgtg agaaaatttc aactctctcc tgtgagaaca
      541 aaattatttc ctttaaggaa atgaatcctc ctgataacat caaggataca aaaagtgaca
      601 tcatattctt tcagagaagt gtcccaggac atgataataa gatgcaattt gaatcttcat
      661 catacgaagg atactttcta gcttgtgaaa aagagagaga cctttttaaa ctcattttga
      721 aaaaagagga tgaattgggg gatagatcta taatgttcac tgttcaaaac gaagactagc
      781 tattaaaatt tcatgccggg cgcagtggct cacgcctgta atcccagccc tttgggaggc
      841 tgaggcgggc agatcaccag aggtcaggtg ttcaagacca gcctgaccaa catggtgaaa
      901 cctcatctct actaaaaata caaaaaatta gctgagtgta gtgacgcatg ccctcaatcc
      961 cagctactca agaggctgag gcaggagaat cacttgcact ccggaggtag aggttgtggt
     1021 gagccgagat tgcaccattg cgctctagcc tgggcaacaa cagcaaaact ccatctcaaa
     1081 aaataaaata aataaataaa caaataaaaa attca
//
