LOCUS       NM_000585               2015 bp    mRNA    linear   PRI 12-NOV-2024
DEFINITION  Homo sapiens interleukin 15 (IL15), transcript variant 3, mRNA.
ACCESSION   NM_000585
VERSION     NM_000585.5
KEYWORDS    RefSeq; MANE Select.
SOURCE      Homo sapiens (human)
  ORGANISM  Homo sapiens
            Eukaryota; Metazoa; Chordata; Craniata; Vertebrata; Euteleostomi;
            Mammalia; Eutheria; Euarchontoglires; Primates; Haplorrhini;
            Catarrhini; Hominidae; Homo.
REFERENCE   1  (bases 1 to 2015)
  AUTHORS   Jiang,J., Yang,M., Yang,B., Wu,H. and Lu,Q.
  TITLE     Elevated IL-15 levels in systemic lupus erythematosus: potential
            pathogenesis insight and therapeutic target
  JOURNAL   Int Immunopharmacol 142 (Pt A), 112973 (2024)
   PUBMED   39217881
  REMARK    GeneRIF: Elevated IL-15 levels in systemic lupus erythematosus:
            potential pathogenesis insight and therapeutic target.
REFERENCE   2  (bases 1 to 2015)
  AUTHORS   Holmberg,C.S., Levinger,C., Abongwa,M., Ceriani,C., Archin,N.M.,
            Siegel,M., Ghosh,M. and Bosque,A.
  TITLE     HIV-1 latency reversal and immune enhancing activity of IL-15 is
            not influenced by sex hormones
  JOURNAL   JCI Insight 9 (17), e180609 (2024)
   PUBMED   39078714
  REMARK    GeneRIF: HIV-1 latency reversal and immune enhancing activity of
            IL-15 is not influenced by sex hormones.
            Publication Status: Online-Only
REFERENCE   3  (bases 1 to 2015)
  AUTHORS   Mohammed,S.I., Hassan,K.M., Azeez,D.M., Qadir,F.A. and Salihi,A.B.
  TITLE     IL-15 gene mutation as a molecular risk factor in acute lymphoid
            leukemia
  JOURNAL   Cell Mol Biol (Noisy-le-grand) 70 (5), 10-17 (2024)
   PUBMED   38814240
  REMARK    GeneRIF: IL-15 gene mutation as a molecular risk factor in acute
            lymphoid leukemia.
            Publication Status: Online-Only
REFERENCE   4  (bases 1 to 2015)
  AUTHORS   Suzuki,T., Cheret,J., Scala,F.D., Rajabi-Estarabadi,A.,
            Akhundlu,A., Demetrius,D.L., Gherardini,J., Keren,A., Harries,M.,
            Rodriguez-Feliz,J., Epstein,G., Lee,W., Purba,T., Gilhar,A. and
            Paus,R.
  TITLE     Interleukin-15 is a hair follicle immune privilege guardian
  JOURNAL   J Autoimmun 145, 103217 (2024)
   PUBMED   38581915
  REMARK    GeneRIF: Interleukin-15 is a hair follicle immune privilege
            guardian.
REFERENCE   5  (bases 1 to 2015)
  AUTHORS   Zekri,L., Hagelstein,I., Marklin,M., Klimovich,B., Christie,M.,
            Lindner,C., Kamereit,S., Prakash,N., Muller,S., Stotz,S.,
            Maurer,A., Greve,C., Schmied,B., Atar,D., Rammensee,H.G., Jung,G.
            and Salih,H.R.
  TITLE     Immunocytokines with target cell-restricted IL-15 activity for
            treatment of B cell malignancies
  JOURNAL   Sci Transl Med 16 (737), eadh1988 (2024)
   PUBMED   38446900
  REMARK    GeneRIF: Immunocytokines with target cell-restricted IL-15 activity
            for treatment of B cell malignancies.
REFERENCE   6  (bases 1 to 2015)
  AUTHORS   Johnston,J.A., Bacon,C.M., Finbloom,D.S., Rees,R.C., Kaplan,D.,
            Shibuya,K., Ortaldo,J.R., Gupta,S., Chen,Y.Q., Giri,J.D. et al.
  TITLE     Tyrosine phosphorylation and activation of STAT5, STAT3, and Janus
            kinases by interleukins 2 and 15
  JOURNAL   Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 92 (19), 8705-8709 (1995)
   PUBMED   7568001
REFERENCE   7  (bases 1 to 2015)
  AUTHORS   Giri,J.G., Kumaki,S., Ahdieh,M., Friend,D.J., Loomis,A.,
            Shanebeck,K., DuBose,R., Cosman,D., Park,L.S. and Anderson,D.M.
  TITLE     Identification and cloning of a novel IL-15 binding protein that is
            structurally related to the alpha chain of the IL-2 receptor
  JOURNAL   EMBO J 14 (15), 3654-3663 (1995)
   PUBMED   7641685
REFERENCE   8  (bases 1 to 2015)
  AUTHORS   Anderson,D.M., Johnson,L., Glaccum,M.B., Copeland,N.G.,
            Gilbert,D.J., Jenkins,N.A., Valentine,V., Kirstein,M.N.,
            Shapiro,D.N., Morris,S.W. et al.
  TITLE     Chromosomal assignment and genomic structure of Il15
  JOURNAL   Genomics 25 (3), 701-706 (1995)
   PUBMED   7759105
REFERENCE   9  (bases 1 to 2015)
  AUTHORS   Giri,J.G., Ahdieh,M., Eisenman,J., Shanebeck,K., Grabstein,K.,
            Kumaki,S., Namen,A., Park,L.S., Cosman,D. and Anderson,D.
  TITLE     Utilization of the beta and gamma chains of the IL-2 receptor by
            the novel cytokine IL-15
  JOURNAL   EMBO J 13 (12), 2822-2830 (1994)
   PUBMED   8026467
REFERENCE   10 (bases 1 to 2015)
  AUTHORS   Grabstein,K.H., Eisenman,J., Shanebeck,K., Rauch,C., Srinivasan,S.,
            Fung,V., Beers,C., Richardson,J., Schoenborn,M.A., Ahdieh,M. et al.
  TITLE     Cloning of a T cell growth factor that interacts with the beta
            chain of the interleukin-2 receptor
  JOURNAL   Science 264 (5161), 965-968 (1994)
   PUBMED   8178155
COMMENT     REVIEWED REFSEQ: This record has been curated by NCBI staff. The
            reference sequence was derived from AC118480.3, CX761071.1,
            AC096774.1, BX116580.1 and AA897685.1.
            This sequence is a reference standard in the RefSeqGene project.
            
            On Nov 23, 2018 this sequence version replaced NM_000585.4.
            
            Summary: The protein encoded by this gene is a cytokine that
            regulates T and natural killer cell activation and proliferation.
            This cytokine and interleukine 2 share many biological activities.
            They are found to bind common hematopoietin receptor subunits, and
            may compete for the same receptor, and thus negatively regulate
            each other's activity. The number of CD8+ memory cells is shown to
            be controlled by a balance between this cytokine and IL2. This
            cytokine induces the activation of JAK kinases, as well as the
            phosphorylation and activation of transcription activators STAT3,
            STAT5, and STAT6. Studies of the mouse counterpart suggested that
            this cytokine may increase the expression of apoptosis inhibitor
            BCL2L1/BCL-x(L), possibly through the transcription activation
            activity of STAT6, and thus prevent apoptosis. Alternatively
            spliced transcript variants of this gene have been reported.
            [provided by RefSeq, Feb 2011].
            
            Transcript Variant: This variant (3) represents the shortest
            transcript and encodes the longer isoform (1, also known as
            48aa(LSP)-IL15).
            
            Publication Note:  This RefSeq record includes a subset of the
            publications that are available for this gene. Please see the Gene
            record to access additional publications.
            
            ##Evidence-Data-START##
            Transcript exon combination :: SRR1163658.392131.1,
                                           SRR1163655.677066.1 [ECO:0000332]
            RNAseq introns              :: single sample supports all introns
                                           SAMEA1965299, SAMEA1966682
                                           [ECO:0000348]
            ##Evidence-Data-END##
            
            ##RefSeq-Attributes-START##
            MANE Ensembl match     :: ENST00000320650.9/ ENSP00000323505.4
            RefSeq Select criteria :: based on conservation, expression,
                                      longest protein
            ##RefSeq-Attributes-END##
            COMPLETENESS: full length.
PRIMARY     REFSEQ_SPAN         PRIMARY_IDENTIFIER PRIMARY_SPAN        COMP
            1-13                AC118480.3         55304-55316
            14-16               CX761071.1         11-13
            17-166              AC118480.3         55320-55469
            167-288             AC118480.3         74907-75028
            289-399             AC096774.1         31597-31707
            400-497             AC096774.1         32700-32797
            498-582             AC096774.1         34155-34239
            583-627             AC096774.1         40171-40215
            628-765             AC096774.1         42078-42215
            766-1463            AC096774.1         44969-45666
            1464-1868           BX116580.1         271-675
            1869-2015           AA897685.1         11-157              c
FEATURES             Location/Qualifiers
     source          1..2015
                     /organism="Homo sapiens"
                     /mol_type="mRNA"
                     /db_xref="taxon:9606"
                     /chromosome="4"
                     /map="4q31.21"
     gene            1..2015
                     /gene="IL15"
                     /gene_synonym="IL-15"
                     /note="interleukin 15"
                     /db_xref="GeneID:3600"
                     /db_xref="HGNC:HGNC:5977"
                     /db_xref="MIM:600554"
     exon            1..166
                     /gene="IL15"
                     /gene_synonym="IL-15"
                     /inference="alignment:Splign:2.1.0"
     exon            167..288
                     /gene="IL15"
                     /gene_synonym="IL-15"
                     /inference="alignment:Splign:2.1.0"
     exon            289..399
                     /gene="IL15"
                     /gene_synonym="IL-15"
                     /inference="alignment:Splign:2.1.0"
     CDS             388..876
                     /gene="IL15"
                     /gene_synonym="IL-15"
                     /note="isoform 1 preproprotein is encoded by transcript
                     variant 3"
                     /codon_start=1
                     /product="interleukin-15 isoform 1 preproprotein"
                     /protein_id="NP_000576.1"
                     /db_xref="CCDS:CCDS3755.1"
                     /db_xref="GeneID:3600"
                     /db_xref="HGNC:HGNC:5977"
                     /db_xref="MIM:600554"
                     /translation="MRISKPHLRSISIQCYLCLLLNSHFLTEAGIHVFILGCFSAGLP
                     KTEANWVNVISDLKKIEDLIQSMHIDATLYTESDVHPSCKVTAMKCFLLELQVISLES
                     GDASIHDTVENLIILANNSLSSNGNVTESGCKECEELEEKNIKEFLQSFVHIVQMFIN
                     TS"
     exon            400..497
                     /gene="IL15"
                     /gene_synonym="IL-15"
                     /inference="alignment:Splign:2.1.0"
     exon            498..582
                     /gene="IL15"
                     /gene_synonym="IL-15"
                     /inference="alignment:Splign:2.1.0"
     exon            583..627
                     /gene="IL15"
                     /gene_synonym="IL-15"
                     /inference="alignment:Splign:2.1.0"
     exon            628..765
                     /gene="IL15"
                     /gene_synonym="IL-15"
                     /inference="alignment:Splign:2.1.0"
     exon            766..2015
                     /gene="IL15"
                     /gene_synonym="IL-15"
                     /inference="alignment:Splign:2.1.0"
     regulatory      1152..1157
                     /regulatory_class="polyA_signal_sequence"
                     /gene="IL15"
                     /gene_synonym="IL-15"
                     /note="hexamer: AATAAA"
     polyA_site      1182
                     /gene="IL15"
                     /gene_synonym="IL-15"
     regulatory      1463..1468
                     /regulatory_class="polyA_signal_sequence"
                     /gene="IL15"
                     /gene_synonym="IL-15"
                     /note="hexamer: AATAAA"
     polyA_site      1487
                     /gene="IL15"
                     /gene_synonym="IL-15"
                     /note="major polyA site"
     regulatory      1526..1531
                     /regulatory_class="polyA_signal_sequence"
                     /gene="IL15"
                     /gene_synonym="IL-15"
                     /note="hexamer: AATAAA"
     polyA_site      1547
                     /gene="IL15"
                     /gene_synonym="IL-15"
     regulatory      1856..1861
                     /regulatory_class="polyA_signal_sequence"
                     /gene="IL15"
                     /gene_synonym="IL-15"
                     /note="hexamer: AAGAAA"
     polyA_site      1881
                     /gene="IL15"
                     /gene_synonym="IL-15"
     regulatory      1995..2000
                     /regulatory_class="polyA_signal_sequence"
                     /gene="IL15"
                     /gene_synonym="IL-15"
                     /note="hexamer: TATAAA"
     polyA_site      2015
                     /gene="IL15"
                     /gene_synonym="IL-15"
ORIGIN      
        1 cttttcgcca ggggttggga ctccgggtgg caggcgcccg ggggaatccc agctgactcg
       61 ctcactgcct tcgaagtccg gcgccccccg ggagggaact gggtggccgc accctcccgg
      121 ctgcggtggc tgtcgccccc caccctgcag ccaggactcg atggagaatc cattccaata
      181 tatggccatg tggctctttg gagcaatgtt ccatcatgtt ccatgctgct gacgtcacat
      241 ggagcacaga aatcaatgtt agcagatagc cagcccatac aagatcgtat tgtattgtag
      301 gaggcattgt ggatggatgg ctgctggaaa ccccttgcca tagccagctc ttcttcaata
      361 cttaaggatt taccgtggct ttgagtaatg agaatttcga aaccacattt gagaagtatt
      421 tccatccagt gctacttgtg tttacttcta aacagtcatt ttctaactga agctggcatt
      481 catgtcttca ttttgggctg tttcagtgca gggcttccta aaacagaagc caactgggtg
      541 aatgtaataa gtgatttgaa aaaaattgaa gatcttattc aatctatgca tattgatgct
      601 actttatata cggaaagtga tgttcacccc agttgcaaag taacagcaat gaagtgcttt
      661 ctcttggagt tacaagttat ttcacttgag tccggagatg caagtattca tgatacagta
      721 gaaaatctga tcatcctagc aaacaacagt ttgtcttcta atgggaatgt aacagaatct
      781 ggatgcaaag aatgtgagga actggaggaa aaaaatatta aagaattttt gcagagtttt
      841 gtacatattg tccaaatgtt catcaacact tcttgattgc aattgattct ttttaaagtg
      901 tttctgttat taacaaacat cactctgctg cttagacata acaaaacact cggcatttca
      961 aatgtgctgt caaaacaagt ttttctgtca agaagatgat cagaccttgg atcagatgaa
     1021 ctcttagaaa tgaaggcaga aaaatgtcat tgagtaatat agtgactatg aacttctctc
     1081 agacttactt tactcatttt tttaatttat tattgaaatt gtacatattt gtggaataat
     1141 gtaaaatgtt gaataaaaat atgtacaagt gttgtttttt aagttgcact gatattttac
     1201 ctcttattgc aaaatagcat ttgtttaagg gtgatagtca aattatgtat tggtggggct
     1261 gggtaccaat gctgcaggtc aacagctatg ctggtaggct cctgccagtg tggaaccact
     1321 gactactggc tctcattgac ttccttacta agcatagcaa acagaggaag aatttgttat
     1381 cagtaagaaa aagaagaact atatgtgaat cctcttcttt atactgtaat ttagttattg
     1441 atgtataaag caactgttat gaaataaaga aattgcaata actggcatat aatgtccatc
     1501 agtaaatctt ggtggtggtg gcaataataa acttctactg ataggtagaa tggtgtgcaa
     1561 gcttgtccaa tcacggattg caggccacat gcggcccagg acaactttga atgtggccca
     1621 acacaaattc ataaactttc atacatctcg tttttagctc atcagctatc attagcggta
     1681 gtgtatttaa agtgtggccc aagacaattc ttcttattcc aatgtggccc agggaaatca
     1741 aaagattgga tgcccctggt atagaaaact aatagtgaca gtgttcatat ttcatgcttt
     1801 cccaaataca ggtattttat tttcacattc tttttgccat gtttatataa taataaagaa
     1861 aaaccctgtt gatttgttgg agccattgtt atctgacaga aaataattgt ttatattttt
     1921 tgcactacac tgtctaaaat tagcaagctc tcttctaatg gaactgtaag aaagatgaaa
     1981 tatttttgtt ttattataaa tttatttcac cttaa
//
