LOCUS       NM_000612               5580 bp    mRNA    linear   PRI 07-FEB-2025
DEFINITION  Homo sapiens insulin like growth factor 2 (IGF2), transcript
            variant 1, mRNA.
ACCESSION   NM_000612
VERSION     NM_000612.6
KEYWORDS    RefSeq; MANE Select.
SOURCE      Homo sapiens (human)
  ORGANISM  Homo sapiens
            Eukaryota; Metazoa; Chordata; Craniata; Vertebrata; Euteleostomi;
            Mammalia; Eutheria; Euarchontoglires; Primates; Haplorrhini;
            Catarrhini; Hominidae; Homo.
REFERENCE   1  (bases 1 to 5580)
  AUTHORS   Li,X., Huang,L., Liu,B., Zhang,Z., Zhou,G., Guo,Z., Song,J. and
            Wang,X.
  TITLE     Cyclic negative pressure promotes chondrocyte growth: Association
            of IGF-2 with EGR-1
  JOURNAL   Biomol Biomed 24 (6), 1761-1775 (2024)
   PUBMED   38912889
  REMARK    GeneRIF: Cyclic negative pressure promotes chondrocyte growth:
            Association of IGF-2 with EGR-1.
            Publication Status: Online-Only
REFERENCE   2  (bases 1 to 5580)
  AUTHORS   Vos,S., Van den Bergh,B.R.H., Martens,D.S., Bijnens,E., Shkedy,Z.,
            Kindermans,H., Platzer,M., Schwab,M. and Nawrot,T.S.
  TITLE     Maternal perceived stress and green spaces during pregnancy are
            associated with adult offspring gene (NR3C1 and IGF2/H19)
            methylation patterns in adulthood: A pilot study
  JOURNAL   Psychoneuroendocrinology 167, 107088 (2024)
   PUBMED   38924829
  REMARK    GeneRIF: Maternal perceived stress and green spaces during
            pregnancy are associated with adult offspring gene (NR3C1 and
            IGF2/H19) methylation patterns in adulthood: A pilot study.
REFERENCE   3  (bases 1 to 5580)
  AUTHORS   Mirbahari,S.N., Fatemi,N., Savabkar,S., Chaleshi,V., Zali,N.,
            Taleghani,M.Y., Mirzaei,E., Rejali,L., Moghadam,P.K. and
            Mojarad,E.N.
  TITLE     Unmasking early colorectal cancer clues: in silico and in vitro
            investigation of downregulated IGF2, SOCS1, MLH1, and CACNA1G in
            SSA polyps
  JOURNAL   Mol Biol Rep 51 (1), 764 (2024)
   PUBMED   38874740
  REMARK    GeneRIF: Unmasking early colorectal cancer clues: in silico and in
            vitro investigation of downregulated IGF2, SOCS1, MLH1, and CACNA1G
            in SSA polyps.
            Publication Status: Online-Only
REFERENCE   4  (bases 1 to 5580)
  AUTHORS   Rainier,S., Johnson,L.A., Dobry,C.J., Ping,A.J., Grundy,P.E. and
            Feinberg,A.P.
  TITLE     Relaxation of imprinted genes in human cancer
  JOURNAL   Nature 362 (6422), 747-749 (1993)
   PUBMED   8385745
  REMARK    GeneRIF: IGF2 gene is imprinted, with expression from only the
            paternal allele.
REFERENCE   5  (bases 1 to 5580)
  AUTHORS   Shuman,C., Kalish,J.M. and Weksberg,R.
  TITLE     Beckwith-Wiedemann Syndrome
  JOURNAL   (in) Adam MP, Feldman J, Mirzaa GM, Pagon RA, Wallace SE and
            Amemiya A (Eds.);
            GENEREVIEWS(R);
            (1993)
   PUBMED   20301568
REFERENCE   6  (bases 1 to 5580)
  AUTHORS   Saal,H.M., Harbison,M.D. and Netchine,I.
  TITLE     Silver-Russell Syndrome
  JOURNAL   (in) Adam MP, Feldman J, Mirzaa GM, Pagon RA, Wallace SE and
            Amemiya A (Eds.);
            GENEREVIEWS(R);
            (1993)
   PUBMED   20301499
REFERENCE   7  (bases 1 to 5580)
  AUTHORS   Turner,J.T., Brzezinski,J. and Dome,J.S.
  TITLE     Wilms Tumor Predisposition
  JOURNAL   (in) Adam MP, Feldman J, Mirzaa GM, Pagon RA, Wallace SE and
            Amemiya A (Eds.);
            GENEREVIEWS(R);
            (1993)
   PUBMED   20301471
REFERENCE   8  (bases 1 to 5580)
  AUTHORS   Daimon,M., Johnson,T.R., Ilan,J. and Ilan,J.
  TITLE     The third IGF-II promoter specifies transcription of three
            transcripts out of five in human placenta
  JOURNAL   Mol Reprod Dev 33 (4), 413-417 (1992)
   PUBMED   1282023
REFERENCE   9  (bases 1 to 5580)
  AUTHORS   Sussenbach,J.S., Steenbergh,P.H. and Holthuizen,P.
  TITLE     Structure and expression of the human insulin-like growth factor
            genes
  JOURNAL   Growth Regul 2 (1), 1-9 (1992)
   PUBMED   1486331
  REMARK    Review article
REFERENCE   10 (bases 1 to 5580)
  AUTHORS   Rinderknecht,E. and Humbel,R.E.
  TITLE     Primary structure of human insulin-like growth factor II
  JOURNAL   FEBS Lett 89 (2), 283-286 (1978)
   PUBMED   658418
COMMENT     REVIEWED REFSEQ: This record has been curated by NCBI staff. The
            reference sequence was derived from AC132217.15, BC053318.1,
            M17426.1, AK025719.1, BC073756.1 and BQ014465.1.
            This sequence is a reference standard in the RefSeqGene project.
            
            On Nov 22, 2018 this sequence version replaced NM_000612.5.
            
            Summary: This gene encodes a member of the insulin family of
            polypeptide growth factors, which are involved in development and
            growth. It is an imprinted gene, expressed only from the paternal
            allele, and epigenetic changes at this locus are associated with
            Wilms tumour, Beckwith-Wiedemann syndrome, rhabdomyosarcoma, and
            Silver-Russell syndrome. A read-through INS-IGF2 gene exists, whose
            5' region overlaps the INS gene and the 3' region overlaps this
            gene. Alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding different
            isoforms have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Oct
            2010].
            
            Transcript Variant: This variant (1) represents the most
            predominant transcript. Variants 1, 2, 4 and 5 encode the same
            isoform (1).
            
            Sequence Note: This RefSeq record was created from transcript and
            genomic sequence data because no single transcript was available
            for the full length of the gene. The extent of this transcript is
            supported by transcript alignments.
            
            Publication Note:  This RefSeq record includes a subset of the
            publications that are available for this gene. Please see the Gene
            record to access additional publications.
            
            ##Evidence-Data-START##
            Transcript exon combination :: SRR14038194.895793.1,
                                           SRR14038192.1386562.1 [ECO:0000332]
            RNAseq introns              :: single sample supports all introns
                                           SAMEA2149398, SAMEA2153307
                                           [ECO:0000348]
            ##Evidence-Data-END##
            
            ##RefSeq-Attributes-START##
            imprinted gene         :: PMID: 8385745
            MANE Ensembl match     :: ENST00000416167.7/ ENSP00000414497.2
            RefSeq Select criteria :: based on conservation, expression
            ##RefSeq-Attributes-END##
            COMPLETENESS: full length.
PRIMARY     REFSEQ_SPAN         PRIMARY_IDENTIFIER PRIMARY_SPAN        COMP
            1-415               AC132217.15        108239-108653
            416-831             BC053318.1         1-416
            832-1710            M17426.1           1-879
            1711-4108           AC132217.15        114642-117039
            4109-5482           AK025719.1         814-2187
            5483-5577           BC073756.1         1017-1111
            5578-5580           BQ014465.1         24-26               c
FEATURES             Location/Qualifiers
     source          1..5580
                     /organism="Homo sapiens"
                     /mol_type="mRNA"
                     /db_xref="taxon:9606"
                     /chromosome="11"
                     /map="11p15.5"
     gene            1..5580
                     /gene="IGF2"
                     /gene_synonym="C11orf43; GRDF; IGF-II; PP9974; SRS3"
                     /note="insulin like growth factor 2"
                     /db_xref="GeneID:3481"
                     /db_xref="HGNC:HGNC:5466"
                     /db_xref="MIM:147470"
     exon            1..1161
                     /gene="IGF2"
                     /gene_synonym="C11orf43; GRDF; IGF-II; PP9974; SRS3"
                     /inference="alignment:Splign:2.1.0"
     exon            1162..1324
                     /gene="IGF2"
                     /gene_synonym="C11orf43; GRDF; IGF-II; PP9974; SRS3"
                     /inference="alignment:Splign:2.1.0"
     CDS             1168..1710
                     /gene="IGF2"
                     /gene_synonym="C11orf43; GRDF; IGF-II; PP9974; SRS3"
                     /note="isoform 1 preproprotein is encoded by transcript
                     variant 1; insulin-like growth factor type 2; insulin-like
                     growth factor 2 (somatomedin A); T3M-11-derived growth
                     factor; preptin"
                     /codon_start=1
                     /product="insulin-like growth factor 2 isoform 1
                     preproprotein"
                     /protein_id="NP_000603.1"
                     /db_xref="CCDS:CCDS7728.1"
                     /db_xref="GeneID:3481"
                     /db_xref="HGNC:HGNC:5466"
                     /db_xref="MIM:147470"
                     /translation="MGIPMGKSMLVLLTFLAFASCCIAAYRPSETLCGGELVDTLQFV
                     CGDRGFYFSRPASRVSRRSRGIVEECCFRSCDLALLETYCATPAKSERDVSTPPTVLP
                     DNFPRYPVGKFFQYDTWKQSTQRLRRGLPALLRARRGHVLAKELEAFREAKRHRPLIA
                     LPTQDPAHGGAPPEMASNRK"
     exon            1325..1473
                     /gene="IGF2"
                     /gene_synonym="C11orf43; GRDF; IGF-II; PP9974; SRS3"
                     /inference="alignment:Splign:2.1.0"
     exon            1474..5580
                     /gene="IGF2"
                     /gene_synonym="C11orf43; GRDF; IGF-II; PP9974; SRS3"
                     /inference="alignment:Splign:2.1.0"
     regulatory      5559..5564
                     /regulatory_class="polyA_signal_sequence"
                     /gene="IGF2"
                     /gene_synonym="C11orf43; GRDF; IGF-II; PP9974; SRS3"
                     /note="hexamer: AATAAA"
     polyA_site      5580
                     /gene="IGF2"
                     /gene_synonym="C11orf43; GRDF; IGF-II; PP9974; SRS3"
                     /note="major polyA site"
ORIGIN      
        1 gcctgctctc cggcggagct gcgtgaggcc cggccggccc cggccccccc cttccggccg
       61 cccccgcctc ctggcccacg cctgcccgcg ctctgcccac cagcgcctcc atcgggcaag
      121 gcggccccgc gtcgacgccg cccgctgcct cgctgctgac tcccgtcccg ggcgccgtcc
      181 gcggggtcgc gctccgccgg gcctgcggat tccccgccgc ctcctcttca tctacctcaa
      241 ctccccccat ccccgcttcg cccgaggagg cggttccccc cgcaggcagt ccggctcgca
      301 ggccgccggc gttgtcaccc ccccccgcgc tccccctcca gccctccccc cggcgcgcag
      361 cctcgggccg ctcccctttc cgcgctgcgt cccggagcgg ccccggtgcc gccaccgcct
      421 gtccccctcc cgaggcccgg gctcgcgacg gcagagggct ccgtcggccc aaaccgagct
      481 gggcgcccgc ggtccgggtg cagcctccac tccgcccccc agtcaccgcc tcccccggcc
      541 cctcgacgtg gcgcccttcc ctccgcttct ctgtgctccc cgcgcccctc ttggcgtctg
      601 gccccggccc ccgctctttc tcccgcaacc ttcccttcgc tccctcccgt cccccccagc
      661 tcctagcctc cgactccctc cccccctcac gcccgccctc tcgccttcgc cgaaccaaag
      721 tggattaatt acacgctttc tgtttctctc cgtgctgttc tctcccgctg tgcgcctgcc
      781 cgcctctcgc tgtcctctct ccccctcgcc ctctcttcgg cccccccctt tcacgttcac
      841 tctgtctctc ccactatctc tgcccccctc tatccttgat acaacagctg acctcatttc
      901 ccgatacctt ttcccccccg aaaagtacaa catctggccc gccccagccc gaagacagcc
      961 cgtcctccct ggacaatcag acgaattctc cccccccccc caaaaaaaag ccatcccccc
     1021 gctctgcccc gtcgcacatt cggcccccgc gactcggcca gagcggcgct ggcagaggag
     1081 tgtccggcag gagggccaac gcccgctgtt cggtttgcga cacgcagcag ggaggtgggc
     1141 ggcagcgtcg ccggcttcca gacaccaatg ggaatcccaa tggggaagtc gatgctggtg
     1201 cttctcacct tcttggcctt cgcctcgtgc tgcattgctg cttaccgccc cagtgagacc
     1261 ctgtgcggcg gggagctggt ggacaccctc cagttcgtct gtggggaccg cggcttctac
     1321 ttcagcaggc ccgcaagccg tgtgagccgt cgcagccgtg gcatcgttga ggagtgctgt
     1381 ttccgcagct gtgacctggc cctcctggag acgtactgtg ctacccccgc caagtccgag
     1441 agggacgtgt cgacccctcc gaccgtgctt ccggacaact tccccagata ccccgtgggc
     1501 aagttcttcc aatatgacac ctggaagcag tccacccagc gcctgcgcag gggcctgcct
     1561 gccctcctgc gtgcccgccg gggtcacgtg ctcgccaagg agctcgaggc gttcagggag
     1621 gccaaacgtc accgtcccct gattgctcta cccacccaag accccgccca cgggggcgcc
     1681 cccccagaga tggccagcaa tcggaagtga gcaaaactgc cgcaagtctg cagcccggcg
     1741 ccaccatcct gcagcctcct cctgaccacg gacgtttcca tcaggttcca tcccgaaaat
     1801 ctctcggttc cacgtccccc tggggcttct cctgacccag tccccgtgcc ccgcctcccc
     1861 gaaacaggct actctcctcg gccccctcca tcgggctgag gaagcacagc agcatcttca
     1921 aacatgtaca aaatcgattg gctttaaaca cccttcacat accctccccc caaattatcc
     1981 ccaattatcc ccacacataa aaaatcaaaa cattaaacta acccccttcc ccccccccca
     2041 caacaaccct cttaaaacta attggctttt tagaaacacc ccacaaaagc tcagaaattg
     2101 gctttaaaaa aaacaaccac caaaaaaaat caattggcta aaaaaaaaaa gtattaaaaa
     2161 cgaattggct gagaaacaat tggcaaaata aaggaatttg gcactcccca cccccctctt
     2221 tctcttctcc cttggacttt gagtcaaatt ggcctggact tgagtccctg aaccagcaaa
     2281 gagaaaagaa ggaccccaga aatcacaggt gggcacgtcg ctgctaccgc catctccctt
     2341 ctcacgggaa ttttcagggt aaactggcca tccgaaaata gcaacaaccc agactggctc
     2401 ctcactccct tttccatcac taaaaatcac agagcagtca gagggaccca gtaagaccaa
     2461 aggaggggag gacagagcat gaaaaccaaa atccatgcaa atgaaatgta attggcacga
     2521 ccctcacccc caaatcttac atctcaattc ccatcctaaa aagcactcat actttatgca
     2581 tccccgcagc tacacacaca caacacacag cacacgcatg aacacagcac acacacgagc
     2641 acagcacaca cacaaacgca cagcacacac agcacacaga tgagcacaca gcacacacac
     2701 aaacgcacag cacacacacg cacacacatg cacacacagc acacaaacgc acggcacaca
     2761 cacgcacaca catgcacaca cagcacacac acaaacgcac agcacacaca aacgcacagc
     2821 acacacgcac acacagcaca cacacgagca cacagcacac aaacgcacag cacacgcaca
     2881 cacatgcaca cacagcacac acactagcac acagcacaca cacaaagaca cagcacacac
     2941 atgcacacac agcacacaca cgcgaacaca gcacacacga acacagcaca cacagcacac
     3001 acacaaacac agcacacaca tgcacacagc acacgcacac acagcacaca catgaacaca
     3061 gcacacagca cacacatgca cacacagcac acacgcatgc acagcacaca tgaacacagc
     3121 acacacacaa acacacagca cacacatgca cacacagcac acacactcat gcgcagcaca
     3181 tacatgaaca cagctcacag cacacaaaca cgcagcacac acgttgcaca cgcaagcacc
     3241 cacctgcaca cacacatgcg cacacacacg cacaccccca caaaattgga tgaaaacaat
     3301 aagcatatct aagcaactac gatatctgta tggatcaggc caaagtcccg ctaagattct
     3361 ccaatgtttt catggtctga gccccgctcc tgttcccatc tccactgccc ctcggccctg
     3421 tctgtgccct gcctctcaga ggagggggct cagatggtgc ggcctgagtg tgcggccggc
     3481 ggcatttggg atacacccgt agggtgggcg gggtgtgtcc caggcctaat tccatctttc
     3541 caccatgaca gagatgccct tgtgaggctg gcctccttgg cgcctgtccc cacggccccc
     3601 gcagcgtgag ccacgatgct ccccataccc cacccattcc cgatacacct tacttactgt
     3661 gtgttggccc agccagagtg aggaaggagt ttggccacat tggagatggc ggtagctgag
     3721 cagacatgcc cccacgagta gcctgactcc ctggtgtgct cctggaagga agatcttggg
     3781 gaccccccca ccggagcaca cctagggatc atctttgccc gtctcctggg gaccccccaa
     3841 gaaatgtgga gtcctcgggg gccgtgcact gatgcgggga gtgtgggaag tctggcggtt
     3901 ggaggggtgg gtggggggca gtgggggctg ggcgggggga gttctggggt aggaagtggt
     3961 cccgggagat tttggatgga aaagtcagga ggattgacag cagacttgca gaattacata
     4021 gagaaattag gaacccccaa atttcatgtc aattgatcta ttccccctct ttgtttcttg
     4081 gggcattttt cctttttttt ttttttttgt ttttttttta cccctcctta gctttatgcg
     4141 ctcagaaacc aaattaaacc ccccccccat gtaacagggg ggcagtgaca aaagcaagaa
     4201 cgcacgaagc cagcctggag accaccacgt cctgcccccc gccatttatc gccctgattg
     4261 gattttgttt ttcatctgtc cctgttgctt gggttgagtt gagggtggag cctcctgggg
     4321 ggcactggcc actgagcccc cttggagaag tcagagggga gtggagaagg ccactgtccg
     4381 gcctggcttc tggggacagt ggctggtccc cagaagtcct gagggcggag gggggggttg
     4441 ggcagggtct cctcaggtgt caggagggtg ctcggaggcc acaggagggg gctcctggct
     4501 ggcctgaggc tggccggagg ggaaggggct agcaggtgtg taaacagagg gttccatcag
     4561 gctggggcag ggtggccgcc ttccgcacac ttgaggaacc ctcccctctc cctcggtgac
     4621 atcttgcccg cccctcagca ccctgccttg tctccaggag gtccgaagct ctgtgggacc
     4681 tcttgggggc aaggtggggt gaggccgggg agtagggagg tcaggcgggt ctgagcccac
     4741 agagcaggag agctgccagg tctgcccatc gaccaggttg cttgggcccc ggagcccacg
     4801 ggtctggtga tgccatagca gccaccaccg cggcgcctag ggctgcggca gggactcggc
     4861 ctctgggagg tttacctcgc ccccacttgt gcccccagct cagcccccct gcacgcagcc
     4921 cgactagcag tctagaggcc tgaggcttct gggtcctggt gacggggctg gcatgacccc
     4981 gggggtcgtc catgccagtc cgcctcagtc gcagagggtc cctcggcaag cgccctgtga
     5041 gtgggccatt cggaacattg gacagaagcc caaagagcca aattgtcaca attgtggaac
     5101 ccacattggc ctgagatcca aaacgcttcg aggcacccca aattacctgc ccattcgtca
     5161 ggacacccac ccacccagtg ttatattctg cctcgccgga gtgggtgttc ccgggggcac
     5221 ttgccgacca gccccttgcg tccccaggtt tgcagctctc ccctgggcca ctaaccatcc
     5281 tggcccgggc tgcctgtctg acctccgtgc ctagtcgtgg ctctccatct tgtctcctcc
     5341 ccgtgtcccc aatgtcttca gtggggggcc ccctcttggg tcccctcctc tgccatcacc
     5401 tgaagacccc cacgccaaac actgaatgtc acctgtgcct gccgcctcgg tccaccttgc
     5461 ggcccgtgtt tgactcaact caactccttt aacgctaata tttccggcaa aatcccatgc
     5521 ttgggttttg tctttaacct tgtaacgctt gcaatcccaa taaagcatta aaagtcatga
//
