LOCUS       NM_003806               5789 bp    mRNA    linear   PRI 05-APR-2024
DEFINITION  Homo sapiens harakiri, BCL2 interacting protein (HRK), transcript
            variant 1, mRNA.
ACCESSION   NM_003806
VERSION     NM_003806.4
KEYWORDS    RefSeq; MANE Select.
SOURCE      Homo sapiens (human)
  ORGANISM  Homo sapiens
            Eukaryota; Metazoa; Chordata; Craniata; Vertebrata; Euteleostomi;
            Mammalia; Eutheria; Euarchontoglires; Primates; Haplorrhini;
            Catarrhini; Hominidae; Homo.
REFERENCE   1  (bases 1 to 5789)
  AUTHORS   Liang,D., Hong,D., Tang,F., Wang,Y., Li,J., Li,L. and Chen,H.
  TITLE     Upregulated lnc-HRK-2:1 prompts nucleus pulposus cell senescence in
            intervertebral disc degeneration
  JOURNAL   Mol Med Rep 22 (6), 5251-5261 (2020)
   PUBMED   33174041
  REMARK    GeneRIF: Upregulated lncHRK2:1 prompts nucleus pulposus cell
            senescence in intervertebral disc degeneration.
REFERENCE   2  (bases 1 to 5789)
  AUTHORS   Shim,J., Lee,J.Y., Jonus,H.C., Arnold,A., Schnepp,R.W.,
            Janssen,K.M., Maximov,V. and Goldsmith,K.C.
  TITLE     YAP-Mediated Repression of HRK Regulates Tumor Growth, Therapy
            Response, and Survival Under Tumor Environmental Stress in
            Neuroblastoma
  JOURNAL   Cancer Res 80 (21), 4741-4753 (2020)
   PUBMED   32900773
  REMARK    GeneRIF: YAP-Mediated Repression of HRK Regulates Tumor Growth,
            Therapy Response, and Survival Under Tumor Environmental Stress in
            Neuroblastoma.
REFERENCE   3  (bases 1 to 5789)
  AUTHORS   Ye,K., Meng,W.X., Sun,H., Wu,B., Chen,M., Pang,Y.P., Gao,J.,
            Wang,H., Wang,J., Kaufmann,S.H. and Dai,H.
  TITLE     Characterization of an alternative BAK-binding site for BH3
            peptides
  JOURNAL   Nat Commun 11 (1), 3301 (2020)
   PUBMED   32620849
  REMARK    GeneRIF: Characterization of an alternative BAK-binding site for
            BH3 peptides.
            Publication Status: Online-Only
REFERENCE   4  (bases 1 to 5789)
  AUTHORS   Boehler,J.F., Horn,A., Novak,J.S., Li,N., Ghimbovschi,S.,
            Lundberg,I.E., Alexanderson,H., Alemo Munters,L., Jaiswal,J.K. and
            Nagaraju,K.
  TITLE     Mitochondrial dysfunction and role of harakiri in the pathogenesis
            of myositis
  JOURNAL   J Pathol 249 (2), 215-226 (2019)
   PUBMED   31135059
  REMARK    GeneRIF: In individuals with susceptible genetic backgrounds,
            Coxsackie B viral infection alters the epigenome to activate the
            pathological pathways leading to polymyositis-dermatomyositis via
            mitochondrial dysfunction and HRK up-regulation.
REFERENCE   5  (bases 1 to 5789)
  AUTHORS   Higuchi,T., Nakamura,M., Shimada,K., Ishida,E., Hirao,K. and
            Konishi,N.
  TITLE     HRK inactivation associated with promoter methylation and LOH in
            prostate cancer
  JOURNAL   Prostate 68 (1), 105-113 (2008)
   PUBMED   18008329
  REMARK    GeneRIF: HRK appears to be inactivated principally by promoter
            hypermethylation in prostate cancers and decreased expression may
            play an important role in tumor progression by modulating apoptotic
            cell death
REFERENCE   6  (bases 1 to 5789)
  AUTHORS   Bae,J., Hsu,S.Y., Leo,C.P., Zell,K. and Hsueh,A.J.
  TITLE     Underphosphorylated BAD interacts with diverse antiapoptotic Bcl-2
            family proteins to regulate apoptosis
  JOURNAL   Apoptosis 6 (5), 319-330 (2001)
   PUBMED   11483855
REFERENCE   7  (bases 1 to 5789)
  AUTHORS   Sanz,C., Mellstrom,B., Link,W.A., Naranjo,J.R. and
            Fernandez-Luna,J.L.
  TITLE     Interleukin 3-dependent activation of DREAM is involved in
            transcriptional silencing of the apoptotic Hrk gene in
            hematopoietic progenitor cells
  JOURNAL   EMBO J 20 (9), 2286-2292 (2001)
   PUBMED   11331593
REFERENCE   8  (bases 1 to 5789)
  AUTHORS   Imaizumi,K., Morihara,T., Mori,Y., Katayama,T., Tsuda,M.,
            Furuyama,T., Wanaka,A., Takeda,M. and Tohyama,M.
  TITLE     The cell death-promoting gene DP5, which interacts with the BCL2
            family, is induced during neuronal apoptosis following exposure to
            amyloid beta protein
  JOURNAL   J Biol Chem 274 (12), 7975-7981 (1999)
   PUBMED   10075695
REFERENCE   9  (bases 1 to 5789)
  AUTHORS   Imaizumi,K., Tsuda,M., Imai,Y., Wanaka,A., Takagi,T. and Tohyama,M.
  TITLE     Molecular cloning of a novel polypeptide, DP5, induced during
            programmed neuronal death
  JOURNAL   J Biol Chem 272 (30), 18842-18848 (1997)
   PUBMED   9228060
REFERENCE   10 (bases 1 to 5789)
  AUTHORS   Inohara,N., Ding,L., Chen,S. and Nunez,G.
  TITLE     harakiri, a novel regulator of cell death, encodes a protein that
            activates apoptosis and interacts selectively with
            survival-promoting proteins Bcl-2 and Bcl-X(L)
  JOURNAL   EMBO J 16 (7), 1686-1694 (1997)
   PUBMED   9130713
COMMENT     REVIEWED REFSEQ: This record has been curated by NCBI staff. The
            reference sequence was derived from AC083806.16, U76376.1,
            D83699.1, AK094730.1 and BU623308.1.
            
            On May 17, 2019 this sequence version replaced NM_003806.3.
            
            Summary: This gene encodes a member of the BCL-2 protein family.
            Members of this family are involved in activating or inhibiting
            apoptosis. The encoded protein localizes to intracellular
            membranes. This protein promotes apoptosis by interacting with the
            apoptotic inhibitors BCL-2 and BCL-X(L) via its BH3 domain.
            Alternate splicing results in multiple transcript variants.
            [provided by RefSeq, Oct 2012].
            
            Transcript Variant: This variant (1) encodes the functional
            protein.
            
            Sequence Note: This RefSeq record was created from transcript and
            genomic sequence data to make the sequence consistent with the
            reference genome assembly. The genomic coordinates used for the
            transcript record were based on transcript alignments.
            
            CCDS Note: This CCDS ID represents the protein described in PMID:
            9130713 and 9228060. This transcript is supported by BF510077.1. It
            should be noted this transcript is predicted to undergo
            nonsense-mediated mRNA decay (NMD). However, the protein is
            represented because it was detected endogenously PMID: 18008329.
            It is likely that the majority of transcripts representing this
            variant will undergo NMD, while some low level of NMD escape may
            allow for the expression of this protein.
            
            Publication Note:  This RefSeq record includes a subset of the
            publications that are available for this gene. Please see the Gene
            record to access additional publications.
            
            ##Evidence-Data-START##
            Transcript exon combination :: SRR1660809.12764.1,
                                           SRR1803612.229509.1 [ECO:0000332]
            RNAseq introns              :: single sample supports all introns
                                           SAMEA1965299, SAMEA1966682
                                           [ECO:0000348]
            ##Evidence-Data-END##
            
            ##RefSeq-Attributes-START##
            MANE Ensembl match     :: ENST00000257572.5/ ENSP00000257572.4
            NMD candidate          :: translation inferred from conservation
            RefSeq Select criteria :: based on single protein-coding transcript
            ##RefSeq-Attributes-END##
            COMPLETENESS: complete on the 3' end.
PRIMARY     REFSEQ_SPAN         PRIMARY_IDENTIFIER PRIMARY_SPAN        COMP
            1-14                AC083806.16        80672-80685
            15-711              U76376.1           1-697
            712-1322            D83699.1           303-913
            1323-3815           AC083806.16        101503-103995
            3816-5095           AK094730.1         52-1331
            5096-5789           BU623308.1         18-711              c
FEATURES             Location/Qualifiers
     source          1..5789
                     /organism="Homo sapiens"
                     /mol_type="mRNA"
                     /db_xref="taxon:9606"
                     /chromosome="12"
                     /map="12q24.22"
     gene            1..5789
                     /gene="HRK"
                     /gene_synonym="DP5; HARAKIRI"
                     /note="harakiri, BCL2 interacting protein"
                     /db_xref="GeneID:8739"
                     /db_xref="HGNC:HGNC:5185"
                     /db_xref="MIM:603447"
     exon            1..466
                     /gene="HRK"
                     /gene_synonym="DP5; HARAKIRI"
                     /inference="alignment:Splign:2.1.0"
     CDS             135..410
                     /gene="HRK"
                     /gene_synonym="DP5; HARAKIRI"
                     /note="activator of apoptosis Hrk; death protein 5;
                     neuronal death protein DP5; BH3-interacting
                     domain-containing protein 3; harakiri, BCL2 interacting
                     protein (contains only BH3 domain)"
                     /codon_start=1
                     /product="activator of apoptosis harakiri"
                     /protein_id="NP_003797.1"
                     /db_xref="CCDS:CCDS9181.1"
                     /db_xref="GeneID:8739"
                     /db_xref="HGNC:HGNC:5185"
                     /db_xref="MIM:603447"
                     /translation="MCPCPLHRGRGPPAVCACSAGRLGLRSSAAQLTAARLKALGDEL
                     HQRTMWRRRARSRRAPAPGALPTYWPWLCAAAQVAALAAWLLGRRNL"
     exon            467..5789
                     /gene="HRK"
                     /gene_synonym="DP5; HARAKIRI"
                     /inference="alignment:Splign:2.1.0"
     regulatory      5764..5769
                     /regulatory_class="polyA_signal_sequence"
                     /gene="HRK"
                     /gene_synonym="DP5; HARAKIRI"
                     /note="hexamer: ATTAAA"
     polyA_site      5789
                     /gene="HRK"
                     /gene_synonym="DP5; HARAKIRI"
                     /note="major polyA site"
ORIGIN      
        1 gcacaacaca aggagaaact tggtgtccag gggaggcccc cggcggctgg agcgcggcgg
       61 cagcgggcgc agaggccgga gggagaggag gcgaggggcg gcccgagcgc ggggcgggag
      121 cgaggccagc ggtcatgtgc ccgtgccccc tgcaccgcgg ccgcggcccc ccggccgtgt
      181 gcgcctgcag cgcgggtcgc ctggggctgc gctcgtccgc cgcgcagctc accgccgccc
      241 ggctcaaggc gctaggcgac gagctgcacc agcgcaccat gtggcggcgc cgcgcgcgga
      301 gccggagggc gccggcgccc ggcgcgctcc ccacctactg gccttggctg tgcgcggccg
      361 cgcaggtggc ggcgctggcg gcctggctgc tcggcaggcg gaacttgtag gaacgcgggg
      421 cttcttggtg gggccggagc cgagacccag ccggagcgag caacaggttg gtgaaaaccc
      481 tgtgtccttg gagaaagctg gttcccgttt tccagagggg gagcccagag cttgaaaggc
      541 cgcggttggc acttcgagaa ggaagtggag agtaaagaca gcgcctggag cgatcgtaga
      601 aacacagaat gggactgggg aagccctttg gaaatccagc tgcagaaaca gacaccccaa
      661 tgctatttac atacagctct atatatataa aaaaagaaaa tatgaatatt acgtatcagt
      721 gcatgccttg ttgaggacgt ggttgccttc cttttctgca ccttgcgatg tgaactttga
      781 tattctgtaa tgtctggggc gccagaagag agatgcctgc tgtgtactta gaaactattt
      841 gcaaagactg gtgggaatta gccccagcat cggccaactg cctggggata gatgctggtg
      901 gaataagagg taacagtgca aaaggcatga tagaaaaaaa aagtgaggac ttgggaccga
      961 ttgtgtaggg gcagtctggg atgcctccat ttcttgactc gtcctagcct ctccctctgt
     1021 acttacctag gtcgatcgct agatcccact gtcacgtcaa gagaaatggg atttttgtgt
     1081 ctctggtgct tcacttaaaa ttttgctggt gctaagtgcg ttcctgctgg tgctgctgtg
     1141 gtattctgtt gacagacttg gaaggccagg ggacaagaga gatttctatt ttgctgtttc
     1201 agattctttt tttttttttt ttaagggaca agttgcaaaa gtgccacttg agagtctctt
     1261 ctcttcttct acctggggac gaatatccag aggtggtttg gagcaaacct tggggtctag
     1321 gagggaggat ggcattgaga ggcttgctgg ttatgaggca gaaagctgac ctcatgcatg
     1381 acttggttgc tatctccccc acccccacaa aagtgtcctc ggagttcagc ccacagcctc
     1441 ctccactccc caaggggatt tcagggttta ggttttatgg attaaagagc caagaaatgg
     1501 ctacattctg ttcaaagatg atttataacc gggggatgtt gtgggaggga gtgggccatt
     1561 taaatgaaat gcaccagcat ctcactgatt gacagaggtc tgattttttt ccccccaagg
     1621 ataagctact attttcagaa gtttctagaa gggctaaaaa aagatgtgtg ctggacggag
     1681 acttggctgc aaagactctt cagggagcag tgattatttt ttgctttcat tttcgaaaaa
     1741 tccaacataa gcaggtattc ttcctctgtg caggatacca cacactgcca ttttcaaagc
     1801 cgaggtggcg aggtgtcagg ctgcagattc ggacggtcat tctccaaggc tggatttgca
     1861 ggtcaccacc cggtacctat agacagaggg tccagcaggc tggttagcag acaccgctcc
     1921 agttctaaga cgccagcagt gggatccatg tttaaggtgg atgcggctga aatgggaatt
     1981 atccccccac aggctttgct gtacagttct aagaagccag cagtgggatc cacatttgtt
     2041 aaggtggatg cggctgaaat gggaattatc cctccatagg ctttgctgta aatgaccagg
     2101 tcctttagaa tgtacaacct ctcagtgctg ctgcaagctg ggagctggat ttctttctgt
     2161 cttcctttta aaatccgttc cttgtgtttt cctaaatagc cctttaaaga gaaatgcaac
     2221 cccagggctg ctgaatgcca gggaagactc ccccaccccg cagctttgaa ctcagcaaac
     2281 caaaaaaaaa aaaagaagaa taatgcttat tttgggagaa cgtgtttctc ctcattactc
     2341 gtgccctccc cctagctgat gtttgcaggg gaccctcgct tagctgggga ctgcagagag
     2401 cagtgggtaa tattcccaca aagctacgaa cttagagaag gcaaattcat tagaataata
     2461 tgaaatacag tcactgcttc tatttaatca ctttcttagc cacagactag ggtctttcca
     2521 gctcccccca ttttctgggg aggggcgtcc attactacac agctgtatcc aatcacagtt
     2581 ctctgcttct ttaaggctgt accttcaaga tcgtagtggg ggcatgctga ccacctgtag
     2641 acacaggaga agatgaaagg tgagaggatc cctttttcag ccccgacttg cctactggct
     2701 tttgatgttt cccctggagg atacaaactc caaacgctgg ggttggcatt ttgggtgatt
     2761 ttgatttcaa tgaagccact ttgctgagag aactggggca cccacgacct cctgatagag
     2821 cttctcagcc aagtcccttg tagatattct cctgttttat tagagaccac gtatttatcg
     2881 aatcctgacc tttccttgca catcattcat tggagtgcac ttctcgactg ccccgatttt
     2941 tgacacgggg ttgtttttaa tgcttgtttt tatatgagat ttgacttctt gatggacatt
     3001 tgtattagga aattgaagca tgatatatat gtatatattg tctccaccat ctctcctgtt
     3061 gtattacttg gattgcatga gatagtgggg tggttcttgt tttttaaaaa atatttccac
     3121 agtgtgcaaa gtgctggcaa catccctccc tctcctccac cgctccccca cttttctctg
     3181 gctgccaagg agtcattgat tttgattagc ttcactgcag agcgtctgtg aagagagaga
     3241 gagagaaagg gagggaggct ttgaaataaa ttttaaaaaa gacctcatat cgggtttcag
     3301 cagacagcag tgtgtgtgtg tgtgtgtgtg tgtgtgtgtg tgtgtgtgtg tgtgtgtgac
     3361 cgtacaagca gagggaggcc tctgagatca tcgtttaggt agcttgctgc ataatgagat
     3421 gaagagactt ttgcctcttc atttctgatg gtgctgcttg ctctcagaga gtggggagcc
     3481 aggaaccgct gggactggag cccccgggac ttcaacactc cgaatgagat ccagtccttt
     3541 ctggaagctt ctcaccccca cctgatctcc cacaaacaaa tacaatctct tcaaatttgg
     3601 gggtccgttt cctattctct ttgttattgg tgtagcttga gtaggaagtt tctctgggga
     3661 gcccattggc cccaatggct gctgtccatg gtcctaggcc gtgcgcatgt cctagacccc
     3721 agttcctgtt ttgttttttt ttgggttttt tttggccctg cgcatctctt agagcccagt
     3781 tcctgttttt ttgttcgttt tttttttttt tttttagccg ccttcatttg gatactgggg
     3841 acttcttttc cacttcttct tcttcttcta ttttattttg agacagagtc tcactctgtc
     3901 acccaggctg gagtgcagtg gtgcgagctc agctcactgc aacctccacc tcccaggttc
     3961 aagcgattct cctgcctcag cctcctgagt agctgggatt acaggcaccc accaccacgc
     4021 tcggctaatt tttgtatttt tagtggagat ggggttttac catgttggcc agagtggttt
     4081 tgaactcctg gcctcaagtg atccacctgc cttggcctcc caaagtgctg ggattacagg
     4141 catgagccac cgagctcagc ctccacttct tattttgatt cttttctgtt ttgatggtga
     4201 gaggaaaggg tgatttaccc aatactgtca cagaaaaatg aaactgtgac tggttttcac
     4261 aatgtatgta gctgatctca tgttctccta ttattatgtt tctgacagtg ataaaatatc
     4321 actctccctc cctggggcat tagaggagtc ctcacccacc cacctcctac acaagtatct
     4381 tttagggaca gtggctcacc attgtggact ttttgagtgt ccacctgata ttacaagttg
     4441 cattgaccag aacacagatt ttgctcttct gtgtcaatac ccatttcttt tctgaaggtc
     4501 agaagttggt taagggtttg ggggaccagc tagacactct tcttagtccc atggagctga
     4561 ctggaagttc catgagggga ggaaattgat gtcaaagtgt cattttaaag cttaagctga
     4621 aagtttattt tttaaattct cattcattca tttagcatat attgattgag catctacaat
     4681 gtgccagttg tagaattcca tctcagaaga gacttgactt gtggatggtg gaggggcagt
     4741 cctgctcgga agcagatgat gtgaaatgtt cctttccagt ctggttcacg atgtttaaca
     4801 gatttgtcag gtcaccactg tgaccccaag ctttgctggc agattgttat atagtattta
     4861 ctgagagccc tgctatctgg taaaggcagt taaaaagcct gcaatctcga ctcatttcca
     4921 gcatgaacag actggtcctt gctgctttac acaataatca aagctacctt ttatggcgtg
     4981 ctcgccactc ccaagcactg ggcgaagtgc tttacccgtc ttcccctccg cgatgcctca
     5041 tgcccacttt agcagatagt actgttagca ttcccatttt acagtggagg aagctgaggc
     5101 tcagagaggt taagcaactt agctgaaggc cacaccacca gcgaagtgcc tgagccaaga
     5161 tttggactcg agtccatggg acccccacgc tcgtgagctg actgctctgc tccactgggt
     5221 cccttcatga ggtcgtccca cagcactgct agttccaggg cgagtgccag cacatggccc
     5281 cactgggagc cggggcctga cttaggtcta ctggaaaaag tgtcaccttt ggggacactc
     5341 aaggacaggc tggttggttt cgttgtggat tttatatact catgccctaa ccctgtgttc
     5401 ctggtttcta taaggccccg gggaaggtgc aaggaatttg caaatagggc ctgtatgact
     5461 tatttcctag gacacgggaa gcttttctta cctcctttct accctcttct ccaacctgaa
     5521 ctcccaagtt tcttctcctg aaggtctttg cactataagc gccaaggagc ccgtgtgcgt
     5581 ggcaggggcg gctgggaggg tatctggaga accttagtga ggcctctggc ctagccagag
     5641 aggcaataag cttggggacg ttccgttctg ggttctgacg ttgttggttc tgacgtcgtt
     5701 gtgctctttt gtaagaggaa tttcatacct tggagacgct ttgtacatat ttgtaatgac
     5761 tttattaaaa aactgattgt gcacttcta
//
