LOCUS       NM_000412               1947 bp    mRNA    linear   PRI 23-JUL-2024
DEFINITION  Homo sapiens histidine rich glycoprotein (HRG), mRNA.
ACCESSION   NM_000412
VERSION     NM_000412.5
KEYWORDS    RefSeq; MANE Select.
SOURCE      Homo sapiens (human)
  ORGANISM  Homo sapiens
            Eukaryota; Metazoa; Chordata; Craniata; Vertebrata; Euteleostomi;
            Mammalia; Eutheria; Euarchontoglires; Primates; Haplorrhini;
            Catarrhini; Hominidae; Homo.
REFERENCE   1  (bases 1 to 1947)
  AUTHORS   Latifimehr,M., Rastegari,A.A., Zamani,Z., Fard-Esfahani,P. and
            Nazari,L.
  TITLE     Association of histidine-rich glycoprotein C633T single nucleotide
            polymorphism and recurrent miscarriage in Iranian women
  JOURNAL   Mol Biol Rep 51 (1), 793 (2024)
   PUBMED   39001985
  REMARK    GeneRIF: Association of histidine-rich glycoprotein C633T single
            nucleotide polymorphism and recurrent miscarriage in Iranian women.
            Publication Status: Online-Only
REFERENCE   2  (bases 1 to 1947)
  AUTHORS   Latifimehr,M., Nazari,L., Rastegari,A.A., Zamani,Z. and
            Fard-Esfahani,P.
  TITLE     The Association between Histidine-Rich Glycoprotein rs10770
            Genotype and Recurrent Miscarriage in Iranian Women
  JOURNAL   Biomed Res Int 2024, 2501086 (2024)
   PUBMED   38659607
  REMARK    GeneRIF: The Association between Histidine-Rich Glycoprotein
            rs10770 Genotype and Recurrent Miscarriage in Iranian Women.
            Publication Status: Online-Only
REFERENCE   3  (bases 1 to 1947)
  AUTHORS   Nishibori,M., Wake,H. and Sakaguchi,M.
  TITLE     [The plasma protein HRG is an important factor for preventing
            sepsis and maintaining homeostatic response]
  JOURNAL   Nihon Yakurigaku Zasshi 159 (2), 107-111 (2024)
   PUBMED   38432918
  REMARK    GeneRIF: [The plasma protein HRG is an important factor for
            preventing sepsis and maintaining homeostatic response].
            Review article
REFERENCE   4  (bases 1 to 1947)
  AUTHORS   Sobczak,A.I.S., Ajjan,R.A. and Stewart,A.J.
  TITLE     Zn2+ Differentially Influences the Neutralisation of Heparins by
            HRG, Fibrinogen, and Fibronectin
  JOURNAL   Int J Mol Sci 24 (23), 16667 (2023)
   PUBMED   38068988
  REMARK    GeneRIF: Zn[2+] Differentially Influences the Neutralisation of
            Heparins by HRG, Fibrinogen, and Fibronectin.
            Publication Status: Online-Only
REFERENCE   5  (bases 1 to 1947)
  AUTHORS   Rydengard,V., Shannon,O., Lundqvist,K., Kacprzyk,L., Chalupka,A.,
            Olsson,A.K., Morgelin,M., Jahnen-Dechent,W., Malmsten,M. and
            Schmidtchen,A.
  TITLE     Histidine-rich glycoprotein protects from systemic Candida
            infection
  JOURNAL   PLoS Pathog 4 (8), e1000116 (2008)
   PUBMED   18797515
  REMARK    GeneRIF: The protein encoded by this gene has a peptide that
            displays antimicrobial activity against C. albicans, E. coli, S.
            aureus, P. aeruginosa, and E. faecalis.
            Publication Status: Online-Only
REFERENCE   6  (bases 1 to 1947)
  AUTHORS   Rydengard,V., Olsson,A.K., Morgelin,M. and Schmidtchen,A.
  TITLE     Histidine-rich glycoprotein exerts antibacterial activity
  JOURNAL   FEBS J 274 (2), 377-389 (2007)
   PUBMED   17229145
  REMARK    GeneRIF: the histidine-rich and heparin-binding domain of HRGP
            mediates the antibacterial activity of the protein
REFERENCE   7  (bases 1 to 1947)
  AUTHORS   Hughes,G.J., Frutiger,S., Paquet,N., Ravier,F., Pasquali,C.,
            Sanchez,J.C., James,R., Tissot,J.D., Bjellqvist,B. and
            Hochstrasser,D.F.
  TITLE     Plasma protein map: an update by microsequencing
  JOURNAL   Electrophoresis 13 (9-10), 707-714 (1992)
   PUBMED   1459097
REFERENCE   8  (bases 1 to 1947)
  AUTHORS   Hutchens,T.W., Yip,T.T. and Morgan,W.T.
  TITLE     Identification of histidine-rich glycoprotein in human colostrum
            and milk
  JOURNAL   Pediatr Res 31 (3), 239-246 (1992)
   PUBMED   1561009
REFERENCE   9  (bases 1 to 1947)
  AUTHORS   Hennis,B.C. and Kluft,C.
  TITLE     KpnI RFLP in the human histidine-rich glycoprotein gene
  JOURNAL   Nucleic Acids Res 19 (15), 4311 (1991)
   PUBMED   1678514
REFERENCE   10 (bases 1 to 1947)
  AUTHORS   Morgan,W.T.
  TITLE     Human serum histidine-rich glycoprotein. I. Interactions with heme,
            metal ions and organic ligands
  JOURNAL   Biochim Biophys Acta 535 (2), 319-333 (1978)
   PUBMED   678554
COMMENT     REVIEWED REFSEQ: This record has been curated by NCBI staff. The
            reference sequence was derived from BC150591.1 and AI800281.1.
            
            On Aug 31, 2019 this sequence version replaced NM_000412.4.
            
            Summary: This histidine-rich glycoprotein contains two
            cystatin-like domains and is located in plasma and platelets. The
            physiological function has not been determined but it is known that
            the protein binds heme, dyes and divalent metal ions. The encoded
            protein also has a peptide that displays antimicrobial activity
            against C. albicans, E. coli, S. aureus, P. aeruginosa, and E.
            faecalis. It can inhibit rosette formation and interacts with
            heparin, thrombospondin and plasminogen. Two of the protein's
            effects, the inhibition of fibrinolysis and the reduction of
            inhibition of coagulation, indicate a potential prothrombotic
            effect. Mutations in this gene lead to thrombophilia due to
            abnormal histidine-rich glycoprotein levels. [provided by RefSeq,
            Nov 2014].
            
            Publication Note:  This RefSeq record includes a subset of the
            publications that are available for this gene. Please see the Gene
            record to access additional publications.
            
            ##Evidence-Data-START##
            Transcript exon combination :: M13149.1, BC150591.1 [ECO:0000332]
            RNAseq introns              :: single sample supports all introns
                                           SAMEA1970526, SAMEA2145122
                                           [ECO:0000348]
            ##Evidence-Data-END##
            
            ##RefSeq-Attributes-START##
            MANE Ensembl match                 :: ENST00000232003.5/
                                                  ENSP00000232003.4
            Protein has antimicrobial activity :: PMID: 17229145, 18797515
            RefSeq Select criteria             :: based on conservation,
                                                  expression
            ##RefSeq-Attributes-END##
            COMPLETENESS: complete on the 3' end.
PRIMARY     REFSEQ_SPAN         PRIMARY_IDENTIFIER PRIMARY_SPAN        COMP
            1-1919              BC150591.1         4-1922
            1920-1947           AI800281.1         13-40               c
FEATURES             Location/Qualifiers
     source          1..1947
                     /organism="Homo sapiens"
                     /mol_type="mRNA"
                     /db_xref="taxon:9606"
                     /chromosome="3"
                     /map="3q27.3"
     gene            1..1947
                     /gene="HRG"
                     /gene_synonym="HPRG; HRGP; THPH11"
                     /note="histidine rich glycoprotein"
                     /db_xref="GeneID:3273"
                     /db_xref="HGNC:HGNC:5181"
                     /db_xref="MIM:142640"
     exon            1..201
                     /gene="HRG"
                     /gene_synonym="HPRG; HRGP; THPH11"
                     /inference="alignment:Splign:2.1.0"
     CDS             19..1596
                     /gene="HRG"
                     /gene_synonym="HPRG; HRGP; THPH11"
                     /note="histidine-proline-rich glycoprotein"
                     /codon_start=1
                     /product="histidine-rich glycoprotein precursor"
                     /protein_id="NP_000403.1"
                     /db_xref="CCDS:CCDS3280.1"
                     /db_xref="GeneID:3273"
                     /db_xref="HGNC:HGNC:5181"
                     /db_xref="MIM:142640"
                     /translation="MKALIAALLLITLQYSCAVSPTDCSAVEPEAEKALDLINKRRRD
                     GYLFQLLRIADAHLDRVENTTVYYLVLDVQESDCSVLSRKYWNDCEPPDSRRPSEIVI
                     GQCKVIATRHSHESQDLRVIDFNCTTSSVSSALANTKDSPVLIDFFEDTERYRKQANK
                     ALEKYKEENDDFASFRVDRIERVARVRGGEGTGYFVDFSVRNCPRHHFPRHPNVFGFC
                     RADLFYDVEALDLESPKNLVINCEVFDPQEHENINGVPPHLGHPFHWGGHERSSTTKP
                     PFKPHGSRDHHHPHKPHEHGPPPPPDERDHSHGPPLPQGPPPLLPMSCSSCQHATFGT
                     NGAQRHSHNNNSSDLHPHKHHSHEQHPHGHHPHAHHPHEHDTHRQHPHGHHPHGHHPH
                     GHHPHGHHPHGHHPHCHDFQDYGPCDPPPHNQGHCCHGHGPPPGHLRRRGPGKGPRPF
                     HCRQIGSVYRLPPLRKGEVLPLPEANFPSFPLPHHKHPLKPDNQPFPQSVSESCPGKF
                     KSGFPQVSMFFTHTFPK"
     exon            202..318
                     /gene="HRG"
                     /gene_synonym="HPRG; HRGP; THPH11"
                     /inference="alignment:Splign:2.1.0"
     exon            319..409
                     /gene="HRG"
                     /gene_synonym="HPRG; HRGP; THPH11"
                     /inference="alignment:Splign:2.1.0"
     exon            410..576
                     /gene="HRG"
                     /gene_synonym="HPRG; HRGP; THPH11"
                     /inference="alignment:Splign:2.1.0"
     exon            577..657
                     /gene="HRG"
                     /gene_synonym="HPRG; HRGP; THPH11"
                     /inference="alignment:Splign:2.1.0"
     exon            658..759
                     /gene="HRG"
                     /gene_synonym="HPRG; HRGP; THPH11"
                     /inference="alignment:Splign:2.1.0"
     exon            760..1947
                     /gene="HRG"
                     /gene_synonym="HPRG; HRGP; THPH11"
                     /inference="alignment:Splign:2.1.0"
     regulatory      1925..1930
                     /regulatory_class="polyA_signal_sequence"
                     /gene="HRG"
                     /gene_synonym="HPRG; HRGP; THPH11"
                     /note="hexamer: AATAAA"
     polyA_site      1947
                     /gene="HRG"
                     /gene_synonym="HPRG; HRGP; THPH11"
                     /note="major polyA site"
ORIGIN      
        1 aagggatggt ttaacaaaat gaaggcactc attgcagcac tgcttttgat cacattgcag
       61 tattcgtgtg ccgtgagtcc cactgactgc agtgctgttg agccggaggc tgagaaagct
      121 ctagacctga tcaataaaag gcgacgggat ggctaccttt tccaattgct gcggattgct
      181 gatgcccact tggacagagt ggaaaataca actgtatatt acttagtctt agatgtgcaa
      241 gaatcggact gttcggtcct atccaggaaa tactggaatg actgtgagcc acctgattcc
      301 agacgtccat ctgaaatagt gatcggacaa tgtaaggtaa tagctacaag acattcccat
      361 gaatctcagg acctcagagt gattgacttt aactgcacca caagttctgt ctcttcagca
      421 ctggccaata ccaaagatag tccggtcctc atagatttct ttgaggatac tgagcgctac
      481 agaaaacaag ccaacaaagc ccttgagaag tacaaagagg agaatgatga ctttgcctct
      541 ttcagagtgg accgaatcga gagagttgca agagtgagag gaggggaagg aactggttac
      601 ttcgtggact tctctgtgcg gaactgcccc agacaccatt tccccagaca ccccaatgtc
      661 tttggattct gcagagcaga tttgttctat gatgtagaag ccttggactt ggaaagcccg
      721 aaaaaccttg tcataaactg tgaagtcttc gaccctcagg aacatgagaa catcaatggt
      781 gtaccgcctc atttgggaca tcccttccac tggggtgggc atgagcgttc ttctaccacc
      841 aagcctccat tcaagcccca tggatctaga gatcatcatc atccccacaa gccacacgaa
      901 catggacccc cacctcctcc agatgaaaga gatcactcac atggaccccc acttccacaa
      961 ggccctcctc cactattgcc catgtcctgc tcaagttgtc aacatgccac ttttggcaca
     1021 aatggggccc aaagacattc tcataataat aattccagtg acctccatcc ccataagcat
     1081 cattcccatg aacagcatcc ccacggacac catccccatg cacaccatcc tcatgaacat
     1141 gatacccata gacagcatcc ccatggacac cacccccatg gacaccatcc tcatggacac
     1201 cacccccatg gacaccatcc ccatggacac catccccact gccatgattt ccaagactat
     1261 ggaccttgtg acccaccacc ccataaccaa ggtcactgtt gccatggcca cggcccacca
     1321 cctgggcact taagaaggcg aggcccaggt aaaggacccc gtcccttcca ttgcagacaa
     1381 attggatctg tgtaccgact ccctcctcta agaaaaggtg aggtgctgcc acttcctgag
     1441 gccaattttc ccagcttccc attgccgcac cacaaacatc ctctaaagcc agacaatcag
     1501 ccctttcctc aatcagtctc tgaatcatgt ccagggaagt tcaagagtgg gtttccacaa
     1561 gtttccatgt tttttacaca tacatttcca aaataaaatg tgattccttt gaagaggaaa
     1621 atgaataata cattgaatta gaaacataaa taaaatgacc agtaattgtg aaaattacag
     1681 ttcttttcaa cctactttca tactgaagat gcagcaaaat gtgaatggga aaagagatgg
     1741 cctgagaaga gagatcaaat ggaaaggaga ggaaagaact cagtgctgcc tattagtagt
     1801 taattctgtc actcaccact acatcacttg agacaaatct atgccactca gaatctcctt
     1861 ctttcctgga cttaactcta attctagagt ctctgttact gcttgggcta tacctgggca
     1921 tactaataaa gtatggtatt gaaacta
//
