LOCUS       NM_001363661            5506 bp    mRNA    linear   PRI 29-OCT-2024
DEFINITION  Homo sapiens high mobility group box 1 (HMGB1), transcript variant
            4, mRNA.
ACCESSION   NM_001363661 XM_024449344
VERSION     NM_001363661.2
KEYWORDS    RefSeq.
SOURCE      Homo sapiens (human)
  ORGANISM  Homo sapiens
            Eukaryota; Metazoa; Chordata; Craniata; Vertebrata; Euteleostomi;
            Mammalia; Eutheria; Euarchontoglires; Primates; Haplorrhini;
            Catarrhini; Hominidae; Homo.
REFERENCE   1  (bases 1 to 5506)
  AUTHORS   Wang,S., Cheng,T., Chen,X., Zeng,C., Qin,W. and Xu,Y.
  TITLE     IFN-gamma induces acute graft-versus-host disease by promoting
            HMGB1-mediated nuclear-to-cytoplasm translocation and autophagic
            degradation of p53
  JOURNAL   Clin Sci (Lond) 138 (20), 1287-1304 (2024)
   PUBMED   39312196
  REMARK    GeneRIF: IFN-gamma induces acute graft-versus-host disease by
            promoting HMGB1-mediated nuclear-to-cytoplasm translocation and
            autophagic degradation of p53.
REFERENCE   2  (bases 1 to 5506)
  AUTHORS   De Luca,G., Goette,N.P., Lev,P.R., Baroni Pietto,M.C., Marin
            Oyarzun,C.P., Castro Rios,M.A., Moiraghi,B., Sackmann,F.,
            Kamiya,L.J., Verri,V., Caula,V., Fernandez,V., Vicente,A., Pose
            Cabarcos,J., Caruso,V., Camacho,M.F., Larripa,I.B., Khoury,M.,
            Marta,R.F., Glembotsky,A.C. and Heller,P.G.
  TITLE     Elevated levels of damage-associated molecular patterns HMGB1 and
            S100A8/A9 coupled with toll-like receptor-triggered monocyte
            activation are associated with inflammation in patients with
            myelofibrosis
  JOURNAL   Front Immunol 15, 1365015 (2024)
   PUBMED   39391311
  REMARK    GeneRIF: Elevated levels of damage-associated molecular patterns
            HMGB1 and S100A8/A9 coupled with toll-like receptor-triggered
            monocyte activation are associated with inflammation in patients
            with myelofibrosis.
            Publication Status: Online-Only
REFERENCE   3  (bases 1 to 5506)
  AUTHORS   Ozbay Kurt,F.G., Cicortas,B.A., Balzasch,B.M., De la Torre,C.,
            Ast,V., Tavukcuoglu,E., Ak,C., Wohlfeil,S.A., Cerwenka,A.,
            Utikal,J. and Umansky,V.
  TITLE     S100A9 and HMGB1 orchestrate MDSC-mediated immunosuppression in
            melanoma through TLR4 signaling
  JOURNAL   J Immunother Cancer 12 (9), e009552 (2024)
   PUBMED   39266214
  REMARK    GeneRIF: S100A9 and HMGB1 orchestrate MDSC-mediated
            immunosuppression in melanoma through TLR4 signaling.
            Publication Status: Online-Only
REFERENCE   4  (bases 1 to 5506)
  AUTHORS   Gao,P., Wu,Y. and Yan,Z.
  TITLE     LncRNA ILF3-AS1 mediates oxidative stress and inflammation through
            miR-504-3p/HMGB1 axis in a cellular model of temporal lobe epilepsy
  JOURNAL   Brain Behav 14 (8), e3615 (2024)
   PUBMED   39135276
  REMARK    GeneRIF: LncRNA ILF3-AS1 mediates oxidative stress and inflammation
            through miR-504-3p/HMGB1 axis in a cellular model of temporal lobe
            epilepsy.
REFERENCE   5  (bases 1 to 5506)
  AUTHORS   Ferrari,S., Finelli,P., Rocchi,M. and Bianchi,M.E.
  TITLE     The active gene that encodes human high mobility group 1 protein
            (HMG1) contains introns and maps to chromosome 13
  JOURNAL   Genomics 35 (2), 367-371 (1996)
   PUBMED   8661151
REFERENCE   6  (bases 1 to 5506)
  AUTHORS   Ge,H. and Roeder,R.G.
  TITLE     The high mobility group protein HMG1 can reversibly inhibit class
            II gene transcription by interaction with the TATA-binding protein
  JOURNAL   J Biol Chem 269 (25), 17136-17140 (1994)
   PUBMED   8006019
REFERENCE   7  (bases 1 to 5506)
  AUTHORS   Paull,T.T., Haykinson,M.J. and Johnson,R.C.
  TITLE     The nonspecific DNA-binding and -bending proteins HMG1 and HMG2
            promote the assembly of complex nucleoprotein structures
  JOURNAL   Genes Dev 7 (8), 1521-1534 (1993)
   PUBMED   8339930
REFERENCE   8  (bases 1 to 5506)
  AUTHORS   Parkkinen,J. and Rauvala,H.
  TITLE     Interactions of plasminogen and tissue plasminogen activator (t-PA)
            with amphoterin. Enhancement of t-PA-catalyzed plasminogen
            activation by amphoterin
  JOURNAL   J Biol Chem 266 (25), 16730-16735 (1991)
   PUBMED   1909331
REFERENCE   9  (bases 1 to 5506)
  AUTHORS   Wen,L., Huang,J.K., Johnson,B.H. and Reeck,G.R.
  TITLE     A human placental cDNA clone that encodes nonhistone chromosomal
            protein HMG-1
  JOURNAL   Nucleic Acids Res 17 (3), 1197-1214 (1989)
   PUBMED   2922262
REFERENCE   10 (bases 1 to 5506)
  AUTHORS   Bernues,J., Espel,E. and Querol,E.
  TITLE     Identification of the core-histone-binding domains of HMG1 and HMG2
  JOURNAL   Biochim Biophys Acta 866 (4), 242-251 (1986)
   PUBMED   3697355
COMMENT     REVIEWED REFSEQ: This record has been curated by NCBI staff. The
            reference sequence was derived from AL353648.27.
            
            On Aug 14, 2020 this sequence version replaced NM_001363661.1.
            
            Summary: This gene encodes a protein that belongs to the High
            Mobility Group-box superfamily. The encoded non-histone, nuclear
            DNA-binding protein regulates transcription, and is involved in
            organization of DNA. This protein plays a role in several cellular
            processes, including inflammation, cell differentiation and tumor
            cell migration. Multiple pseudogenes of this gene have been
            identified. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript
            variants that encode the same protein. [provided by RefSeq, Sep
            2015].
            
            Sequence Note: The RefSeq transcript and protein were derived from
            genomic sequence to make the sequence consistent with the reference
            genome assembly. The genomic coordinates used for the transcript
            record were based on alignments.
            
            Publication Note:  This RefSeq record includes a subset of the
            publications that are available for this gene. Please see the Gene
            record to access additional publications.
            
            ##Evidence-Data-START##
            Transcript exon combination :: SRR14038193.3775163.1,
                                           SRR14372080.2281475.1 [ECO:0000332]
            ##Evidence-Data-END##
PRIMARY     REFSEQ_SPAN         PRIMARY_IDENTIFIER PRIMARY_SPAN        COMP
            1-141               AL353648.27        23172-23312         c
            142-305             AL353648.27        20907-21070         c
            306-451             AL353648.27        20583-20728         c
            452-626             AL353648.27        19914-20088         c
            627-676             AL353648.27        19015-19064         c
            677-5506            AL353648.27        14080-18909         c
FEATURES             Location/Qualifiers
     source          1..5506
                     /organism="Homo sapiens"
                     /mol_type="mRNA"
                     /db_xref="taxon:9606"
                     /chromosome="13"
                     /map="13q12.3"
     gene            1..5506
                     /gene="HMGB1"
                     /gene_synonym="HMG-1; HMG1; HMG3; SBP-1"
                     /note="high mobility group box 1"
                     /db_xref="GeneID:3146"
                     /db_xref="HGNC:HGNC:4983"
                     /db_xref="MIM:163905"
     exon            1..141
                     /gene="HMGB1"
                     /gene_synonym="HMG-1; HMG1; HMG3; SBP-1"
                     /inference="alignment:Splign:2.1.0"
     exon            142..305
                     /gene="HMGB1"
                     /gene_synonym="HMG-1; HMG1; HMG3; SBP-1"
                     /inference="alignment:Splign:2.1.0"
     CDS             156..632
                     /gene="HMGB1"
                     /gene_synonym="HMG-1; HMG1; HMG3; SBP-1"
                     /note="isoform 2 is encoded by transcript variant 4;
                     Sulfoglucuronyl carbohydrate binding protein; Amphoterin;
                     high-mobility group (nonhistone chromosomal) protein 1;
                     high mobility group protein B1"
                     /codon_start=1
                     /product="high mobility group protein B1 isoform 2"
                     /protein_id="NP_001350590.1"
                     /db_xref="CCDS:CCDS86347.1"
                     /db_xref="GeneID:3146"
                     /db_xref="HGNC:HGNC:4983"
                     /db_xref="MIM:163905"
                     /translation="MGKGDPKKPRGKMSSYAFFVQTCREEHKKKHPDASVNFSEFSKK
                     CSERWKTMSAKEKGKFEDMAKADKARYEREMKTYIPPKGETKKKFKDPNAPKRPPSAF
                     FLFCSEYRPKIKGEHPGLSIGDVAKKLGEMWNNTAADDKQPYEKKAAKLKEKYEKF"
     exon            306..451
                     /gene="HMGB1"
                     /gene_synonym="HMG-1; HMG1; HMG3; SBP-1"
                     /inference="alignment:Splign:2.1.0"
     exon            452..626
                     /gene="HMGB1"
                     /gene_synonym="HMG-1; HMG1; HMG3; SBP-1"
                     /inference="alignment:Splign:2.1.0"
     exon            627..676
                     /gene="HMGB1"
                     /gene_synonym="HMG-1; HMG1; HMG3; SBP-1"
                     /inference="alignment:Splign:2.1.0"
     exon            677..5506
                     /gene="HMGB1"
                     /gene_synonym="HMG-1; HMG1; HMG3; SBP-1"
                     /inference="alignment:Splign:2.1.0"
     regulatory      1293..1298
                     /regulatory_class="polyA_signal_sequence"
                     /gene="HMGB1"
                     /gene_synonym="HMG-1; HMG1; HMG3; SBP-1"
                     /note="hexamer: AGTAAA"
     polyA_site      1315
                     /gene="HMGB1"
                     /gene_synonym="HMG-1; HMG1; HMG3; SBP-1"
                     /note="major polyA site"
     regulatory      2340..2345
                     /regulatory_class="polyA_signal_sequence"
                     /gene="HMGB1"
                     /gene_synonym="HMG-1; HMG1; HMG3; SBP-1"
                     /note="hexamer: AATAAT"
     polyA_site      2360
                     /gene="HMGB1"
                     /gene_synonym="HMG-1; HMG1; HMG3; SBP-1"
                     /note="major polyA site"
     polyA_site      3416
                     /gene="HMGB1"
                     /gene_synonym="HMG-1; HMG1; HMG3; SBP-1"
     regulatory      3448..3453
                     /regulatory_class="polyA_signal_sequence"
                     /gene="HMGB1"
                     /gene_synonym="HMG-1; HMG1; HMG3; SBP-1"
                     /note="hexamer: ATTAAA"
     polyA_site      3470
                     /gene="HMGB1"
                     /gene_synonym="HMG-1; HMG1; HMG3; SBP-1"
     regulatory      4276..4281
                     /regulatory_class="polyA_signal_sequence"
                     /gene="HMGB1"
                     /gene_synonym="HMG-1; HMG1; HMG3; SBP-1"
                     /note="hexamer: GATAAA"
     polyA_site      4316
                     /gene="HMGB1"
                     /gene_synonym="HMG-1; HMG1; HMG3; SBP-1"
     polyA_site      5506
                     /gene="HMGB1"
                     /gene_synonym="HMG-1; HMG1; HMG3; SBP-1"
ORIGIN      
        1 aatgttacag agcggagaga gtgaggaggc tgcgtctggc tcccgctctc acagccattg
       61 cagtacattg agctccatag agacagcacc ggggcaagtg agagccggac gggcactggg
      121 cgactctgtg cctcgctgag gaaaaataac taaacatggg caaaggagat cctaagaagc
      181 cgagaggcaa aatgtcatca tatgcatttt ttgtgcaaac ttgtcgggag gagcataaga
      241 agaagcaccc agatgcttca gtcaacttct cagagttttc taagaagtgc tcagagaggt
      301 ggaagaccat gtctgctaaa gagaaaggaa aatttgaaga tatggcaaaa gcggacaagg
      361 cccgttatga aagagaaatg aaaacctata tccctcccaa aggggagaca aaaaagaagt
      421 tcaaggatcc caatgcaccc aagaggcctc cttcggcctt cttcctcttc tgctctgagt
      481 atcgcccaaa aatcaaagga gaacatcctg gcctgtccat tggtgatgtt gcgaagaaac
      541 tgggagagat gtggaataac actgctgcag atgacaagca gccttatgaa aagaaggctg
      601 cgaagctgaa ggaaaaatat gaaaagttct agttatttct ggagttgctg tggatctaca
      661 gatacgtgat attttggata ttgctgcata tcgagctaaa ggaaagcctg atgcagcaaa
      721 aaagggagtt gtcaaggctg aaaaaagcaa gaaaaagaag gaagaggagg aagatgagga
      781 agatgaagag gatgaggagg aggaggaaga tgaagaagat gaagatgaag aagaagatga
      841 tgatgatgaa taagttggtt ctagcgcagt tttttttttc ttgtctataa agcatttaac
      901 ccccctgtac acaactcact ccttttaaag aaaaaaattg aaatgtaagg ctgtgtaaga
      961 tttgttttta aactgtacag tgtctttttt tgtatagtta acacactacc gaatgtgtct
     1021 ttagatagcc ctgtcctggt ggtattttca atagccacta accttgcctg gtacagtatg
     1081 ggggttgtaa attggcatgg aaatttaaag caggttcttg ttggtgcaca gcacaaatta
     1141 gttatatatg gggatggtag ttttttcatc ttcagttgtc tctgatgcag cttatacgaa
     1201 ataattgttg ttctgttaac tgaataccac tctgtaattg caaaaaaaaa aaaaaagttg
     1261 cagctgtttt gttgacattc tgaatgcttc taagtaaata caattttttt tattagtatt
     1321 gttgtccttt tcataggtct gaaatttttc ttcttgaggg gaagctagtc ttttgctttt
     1381 gcccattttg aatcacatga attattacag tgtttatcct ttcatatagt tagctaataa
     1441 aaagcttttg tctacacacc ctgcatatca taatgggggt aaagttaagt tgagatagtt
     1501 ttcatccata actgaacatc caaaatcttg atcagttaag aaatttcaca tagcccactt
     1561 acatttacaa actgaagagt aatcaatcta ctcaaagcat gggattatta gaatcaaaca
     1621 ttttgaaagt ctgtccttga aggactaata gaaaagtatg ttctaacctt tacatgagga
     1681 ctctattctt taactcccat taccatgtaa tggcagttat attttgcagt tcccacatta
     1741 aagaagacct gagaatgtat ccccaaaagc gtgagcttaa aatacaagac tgccatatta
     1801 aattttttgt tgacattagt ctcagtgaag actatgaaaa tgctggctat agatgtcttt
     1861 tcccatttat ctaaatatgg actgctcagg aaacgagact ttccattaca agtattttta
     1921 attaattggg ccagcttttc aaacaaagat gccacattca aaatagggta tattttccta
     1981 tattacggtt tgccccttta taaatccaag tagataggaa gaaagaagac aaactttgca
     2041 tctcagtatg aattattcaa tttatttgaa tgatttttct ttacaaaaca aactcattca
     2101 ttagtcatgt ttatctgctt aggagtttag ggaacaattt ggcaattttg tggttttcga
     2161 gattatcgtt ttcttaaagt gccagtattt taaaatagcg ttcttgtaat tttacacgct
     2221 tttgtgatgg agtgctgttt tgttatataa tttagacttg gattctttcc atttgcattt
     2281 gtttatgtaa tttcaggagg aatactgaac atctgagtcc tggatgatac taataaacta
     2341 ataattgcag aggttttaaa tactagttaa atggctttca cttaagaact taagattttg
     2401 ttacatattt ttaaatcttg tttctaataa tacctcttag cagtaccttt taaataagta
     2461 taagggatgg caaagttttt ccctttaaaa atactcactt tatgcttata aataggttaa
     2521 tgggctgata aaaggttttg tcaaacattg caagtattcg gtgctatata taaaggagga
     2581 aaaactagtt ttactttcag aatgatttaa acaagatttt taaaaacaag atacatgcaa
     2641 gcgaacagca gggttagtga taggctgcaa ttgtgtcgaa catcagattt tttgttaaga
     2701 ggagcaaatg actcaatctg atttagatgg aagtttctac tgtatagaaa tcaccattaa
     2761 tcaccaacat taataattct gatccattta aaatgaattc tggctcaagg agaatttgta
     2821 actttagtag gtacgtcatg acaactacca tttttttaag atgttgagaa tgggaacagt
     2881 ttttttaggg tttattcttg accacagatc ttaagaaaat ggacaaaacc cctcttcaat
     2941 ctgaagatta gtatggtttg gtgttctaac agtatcccct agaagttgga tgtctaaaac
     3001 tcaagtaaat ggaagtggga ggcaatttag ataagtgtaa agccttgtaa ctgaagatga
     3061 ttttttttag aaagtgtata gaaactattt taatgccaag atagttacag tgctgtgggg
     3121 tttaaagact ttgttgacat caagaaaaga ctaaatctat aattaattgg gccaactttt
     3181 aaaatgaaga tgctttttaa aactaatgaa ctaagatgta taaatcttag tttttttgta
     3241 ttttaaagat aggcatatgg catattgatt aacgagtcaa atttcctaac tttgctgtgc
     3301 aaaggttgag agctattgct gattagttac cacagttctg atgatcgtcc catcacagtg
     3361 ttgttaatgt ttgctgtatt tattaatttt cttaaagtga aatctgaaaa atgaaatttg
     3421 tgtgtcctgt gtacccgagg ggtaatgatt aaatgataaa gataagaaaa gcgcccatgt
     3481 aacacaaact gccattcaac aggtatttcc cttactacct aaggaattgt aaccattgct
     3541 cagacattgt aggatttaac tatgttgaaa actacaggag aggccgggcg cagtggctca
     3601 cgcctgtaat cccagcactt tgggaggcca aggcgggcag atcacgaggt caggagattg
     3661 agaccatcct ggctaacgtg gtgaaacccc gcctctacta aaaatacaaa aaattagcca
     3721 agcgtggtgc tgggcgcctg tagtcccagt aactcaggag gctgaggcag gagaatggcg
     3781 tgaacccggg aggcggaggt tgcagtgagc cgagattgtg ccactgcact ccagcctggg
     3841 tgacagagca agactccatc tcaaaaaaaa aaaaaaaaca caggagagac aactggtttt
     3901 tgaatgaaat acatgggtac tgccttgctt gacatcacat agtccttgat gaaagttcac
     3961 atttaggtct gcttggtaca atacgcctcc taaaaaggtc cttgatgaaa gttcacattt
     4021 aggtctgctt ggtacaacac gcctcctgaa agggtctgat agctttcagt agcagtaaga
     4081 cacttgcatg tgatggtaag gtatctgcaa atttgcacac accgtacaca gcttaagtct
     4141 tagaattaac ttgctaaaat gtgagccttt ggtaattagg ctgttttatt agggagtgtg
     4201 ataatatttg aatttctttt catatttgtg ctttgtgtca ttttcaaatg acccttgaaa
     4261 tgtattttaa aagtagataa aagccagaaa gtgatttgat tgtctatcca gcaaaagatg
     4321 gtggttcatt ttcttgtcct cttaatacca aggcagtgct aataacactt gccacaactt
     4381 gggaaattcc atgggtctat gccacattgc tcccagagta atgaggcaaa atagtgctct
     4441 gttatagaat tgcttgtttc acgatacatc atgacagata accatacaac atggaatgac
     4501 acaaacataa tatgccacac tccagaatat gtaatgctcg tcttccaggg gggttcagtc
     4561 taaggtaatc tctaccagga agaaatgcta gatgacttta gacatgtgca ttggtttgga
     4621 ccttctaatt agtggaattt ttacttattt tgacatgaga gattacatag aatctctatg
     4681 ttgcccaggt tggtctccaa atctgctcaa acaatcctcc cgcctcagtt tctcaagtag
     4741 ctgggattac agggacacac cactgtgctt agcttaaata gttgaattta ttgggcatcc
     4801 actgaaaaga aggaagtagg aataaaatct gcaatagtat gactaaacct gtaagtgagc
     4861 atgagcagtg gtgggcaagg gtatgcagac tctggaatcc agaaatagaa agtcagtgga
     4921 aagccaggca cagtggctca cacttataat cccagcactt tgggaggccg aggtgggagg
     4981 atcacttgag gccaggagtt tgacactagc ctgggcaaca tagtgaggcc ttgtctacta
     5041 gaaataaata attttgcaga tatactaaat accattttaa aaataagtgg aaaagggatt
     5101 agagagatcc ttgtaaatta tgtactcata ttcattgttc tctttagtca cataattcag
     5161 tcatgtacgt gacattccac agtatggtgc tccataatac atattttttc ttttttcgat
     5221 ctcacttgta tatgatccat aatatttttc atcattccct tactgatgga catttagatt
     5281 gtttcctatt ttttgctgtt taacagtact gcgctgaaca tctgtacatt tctctcaggc
     5341 atgtgtgggt cttcagatac ctcaaaagta gaactgctga gtcaaaagac atttgcattt
     5401 aacattttgg aagatgttga taaattgcac cccaccaccc cccccccccg cccacaaaag
     5461 ctgttattta tgctgtgaaa cattttaaca atgattttgc aattaa
//
