LOCUS       NM_001313893            5030 bp    mRNA    linear   PRI 29-OCT-2024
DEFINITION  Homo sapiens high mobility group box 1 (HMGB1), transcript variant
            1, mRNA.
ACCESSION   NM_001313893
VERSION     NM_001313893.1
KEYWORDS    RefSeq.
SOURCE      Homo sapiens (human)
  ORGANISM  Homo sapiens
            Eukaryota; Metazoa; Chordata; Craniata; Vertebrata; Euteleostomi;
            Mammalia; Eutheria; Euarchontoglires; Primates; Haplorrhini;
            Catarrhini; Hominidae; Homo.
REFERENCE   1  (bases 1 to 5030)
  AUTHORS   Wang,S., Cheng,T., Chen,X., Zeng,C., Qin,W. and Xu,Y.
  TITLE     IFN-gamma induces acute graft-versus-host disease by promoting
            HMGB1-mediated nuclear-to-cytoplasm translocation and autophagic
            degradation of p53
  JOURNAL   Clin Sci (Lond) 138 (20), 1287-1304 (2024)
   PUBMED   39312196
  REMARK    GeneRIF: IFN-gamma induces acute graft-versus-host disease by
            promoting HMGB1-mediated nuclear-to-cytoplasm translocation and
            autophagic degradation of p53.
REFERENCE   2  (bases 1 to 5030)
  AUTHORS   De Luca,G., Goette,N.P., Lev,P.R., Baroni Pietto,M.C., Marin
            Oyarzun,C.P., Castro Rios,M.A., Moiraghi,B., Sackmann,F.,
            Kamiya,L.J., Verri,V., Caula,V., Fernandez,V., Vicente,A., Pose
            Cabarcos,J., Caruso,V., Camacho,M.F., Larripa,I.B., Khoury,M.,
            Marta,R.F., Glembotsky,A.C. and Heller,P.G.
  TITLE     Elevated levels of damage-associated molecular patterns HMGB1 and
            S100A8/A9 coupled with toll-like receptor-triggered monocyte
            activation are associated with inflammation in patients with
            myelofibrosis
  JOURNAL   Front Immunol 15, 1365015 (2024)
   PUBMED   39391311
  REMARK    GeneRIF: Elevated levels of damage-associated molecular patterns
            HMGB1 and S100A8/A9 coupled with toll-like receptor-triggered
            monocyte activation are associated with inflammation in patients
            with myelofibrosis.
            Publication Status: Online-Only
REFERENCE   3  (bases 1 to 5030)
  AUTHORS   Ozbay Kurt,F.G., Cicortas,B.A., Balzasch,B.M., De la Torre,C.,
            Ast,V., Tavukcuoglu,E., Ak,C., Wohlfeil,S.A., Cerwenka,A.,
            Utikal,J. and Umansky,V.
  TITLE     S100A9 and HMGB1 orchestrate MDSC-mediated immunosuppression in
            melanoma through TLR4 signaling
  JOURNAL   J Immunother Cancer 12 (9), e009552 (2024)
   PUBMED   39266214
  REMARK    GeneRIF: S100A9 and HMGB1 orchestrate MDSC-mediated
            immunosuppression in melanoma through TLR4 signaling.
            Publication Status: Online-Only
REFERENCE   4  (bases 1 to 5030)
  AUTHORS   Gao,P., Wu,Y. and Yan,Z.
  TITLE     LncRNA ILF3-AS1 mediates oxidative stress and inflammation through
            miR-504-3p/HMGB1 axis in a cellular model of temporal lobe epilepsy
  JOURNAL   Brain Behav 14 (8), e3615 (2024)
   PUBMED   39135276
  REMARK    GeneRIF: LncRNA ILF3-AS1 mediates oxidative stress and inflammation
            through miR-504-3p/HMGB1 axis in a cellular model of temporal lobe
            epilepsy.
REFERENCE   5  (bases 1 to 5030)
  AUTHORS   Ferrari,S., Finelli,P., Rocchi,M. and Bianchi,M.E.
  TITLE     The active gene that encodes human high mobility group 1 protein
            (HMG1) contains introns and maps to chromosome 13
  JOURNAL   Genomics 35 (2), 367-371 (1996)
   PUBMED   8661151
REFERENCE   6  (bases 1 to 5030)
  AUTHORS   Ge,H. and Roeder,R.G.
  TITLE     The high mobility group protein HMG1 can reversibly inhibit class
            II gene transcription by interaction with the TATA-binding protein
  JOURNAL   J Biol Chem 269 (25), 17136-17140 (1994)
   PUBMED   8006019
REFERENCE   7  (bases 1 to 5030)
  AUTHORS   Paull,T.T., Haykinson,M.J. and Johnson,R.C.
  TITLE     The nonspecific DNA-binding and -bending proteins HMG1 and HMG2
            promote the assembly of complex nucleoprotein structures
  JOURNAL   Genes Dev 7 (8), 1521-1534 (1993)
   PUBMED   8339930
REFERENCE   8  (bases 1 to 5030)
  AUTHORS   Parkkinen,J. and Rauvala,H.
  TITLE     Interactions of plasminogen and tissue plasminogen activator (t-PA)
            with amphoterin. Enhancement of t-PA-catalyzed plasminogen
            activation by amphoterin
  JOURNAL   J Biol Chem 266 (25), 16730-16735 (1991)
   PUBMED   1909331
REFERENCE   9  (bases 1 to 5030)
  AUTHORS   Wen,L., Huang,J.K., Johnson,B.H. and Reeck,G.R.
  TITLE     A human placental cDNA clone that encodes nonhistone chromosomal
            protein HMG-1
  JOURNAL   Nucleic Acids Res 17 (3), 1197-1214 (1989)
   PUBMED   2922262
REFERENCE   10 (bases 1 to 5030)
  AUTHORS   Bernues,J., Espel,E. and Querol,E.
  TITLE     Identification of the core-histone-binding domains of HMG1 and HMG2
  JOURNAL   Biochim Biophys Acta 866 (4), 242-251 (1986)
   PUBMED   3697355
COMMENT     REVIEWED REFSEQ: This record has been curated by NCBI staff. The
            reference sequence was derived from AK122825.1 and AL353648.27.
            
            Summary: This gene encodes a protein that belongs to the High
            Mobility Group-box superfamily. The encoded non-histone, nuclear
            DNA-binding protein regulates transcription, and is involved in
            organization of DNA. This protein plays a role in several cellular
            processes, including inflammation, cell differentiation and tumor
            cell migration. Multiple pseudogenes of this gene have been
            identified. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript
            variants that encode the same protein. [provided by RefSeq, Sep
            2015].
            
            Sequence Note: This RefSeq record was created from transcript and
            genomic sequence data to make the sequence consistent with the
            reference genome assembly. The genomic coordinates used for the
            transcript record were based on transcript alignments.
            
            Publication Note:  This RefSeq record includes a subset of the
            publications that are available for this gene. Please see the Gene
            record to access additional publications.
            
            ##Evidence-Data-START##
            Transcript exon combination :: AK122825.1 [ECO:0000332]
            RNAseq introns              :: partial sample support SAMEA2146411,
                                           SAMEA2149004 [ECO:0000350]
            ##Evidence-Data-END##
            COMPLETENESS: complete on the 3' end.
PRIMARY     REFSEQ_SPAN         PRIMARY_IDENTIFIER PRIMARY_SPAN        COMP
            1-1991              AK122825.1         3-1993
            1992-1992           AL353648.27        18330-18330         c
            1993-4199           AK122825.1         1994-4200
            4200-5030           AL353648.27        15292-16122         c
FEATURES             Location/Qualifiers
     source          1..5030
                     /organism="Homo sapiens"
                     /mol_type="mRNA"
                     /db_xref="taxon:9606"
                     /chromosome="13"
                     /map="13q12.3"
     gene            1..5030
                     /gene="HMGB1"
                     /gene_synonym="HMG-1; HMG1; HMG3; SBP-1"
                     /note="high mobility group box 1"
                     /db_xref="GeneID:3146"
                     /db_xref="HGNC:HGNC:4983"
                     /db_xref="MIM:163905"
     exon            1..927
                     /gene="HMGB1"
                     /gene_synonym="HMG-1; HMG1; HMG3; SBP-1"
                     /inference="alignment:Splign:2.1.0"
     exon            928..1091
                     /gene="HMGB1"
                     /gene_synonym="HMG-1; HMG1; HMG3; SBP-1"
                     /inference="alignment:Splign:2.1.0"
     CDS             942..1589
                     /gene="HMGB1"
                     /gene_synonym="HMG-1; HMG1; HMG3; SBP-1"
                     /note="isoform 1 is encoded by transcript variant 1;
                     Sulfoglucuronyl carbohydrate binding protein; Amphoterin;
                     high-mobility group (nonhistone chromosomal) protein 1;
                     high mobility group protein B1"
                     /codon_start=1
                     /product="high mobility group protein B1 isoform 1"
                     /protein_id="NP_001300822.1"
                     /db_xref="CCDS:CCDS9335.1"
                     /db_xref="GeneID:3146"
                     /db_xref="HGNC:HGNC:4983"
                     /db_xref="MIM:163905"
                     /translation="MGKGDPKKPRGKMSSYAFFVQTCREEHKKKHPDASVNFSEFSKK
                     CSERWKTMSAKEKGKFEDMAKADKARYEREMKTYIPPKGETKKKFKDPNAPKRPPSAF
                     FLFCSEYRPKIKGEHPGLSIGDVAKKLGEMWNNTAADDKQPYEKKAAKLKEKYEKDIA
                     AYRAKGKPDAAKKGVVKAEKSKKKKEEEEDEEDEEDEEEEEDEEDEDEEEDDDDE"
     exon            1092..1237
                     /gene="HMGB1"
                     /gene_synonym="HMG-1; HMG1; HMG3; SBP-1"
                     /inference="alignment:Splign:2.1.0"
     exon            1238..1412
                     /gene="HMGB1"
                     /gene_synonym="HMG-1; HMG1; HMG3; SBP-1"
                     /inference="alignment:Splign:2.1.0"
     exon            1413..5030
                     /gene="HMGB1"
                     /gene_synonym="HMG-1; HMG1; HMG3; SBP-1"
                     /inference="alignment:Splign:2.1.0"
     regulatory      2029..2034
                     /regulatory_class="polyA_signal_sequence"
                     /gene="HMGB1"
                     /gene_synonym="HMG-1; HMG1; HMG3; SBP-1"
                     /note="hexamer: AGTAAA"
     polyA_site      2051
                     /gene="HMGB1"
                     /gene_synonym="HMG-1; HMG1; HMG3; SBP-1"
                     /note="major polyA site"
     regulatory      3076..3081
                     /regulatory_class="polyA_signal_sequence"
                     /gene="HMGB1"
                     /gene_synonym="HMG-1; HMG1; HMG3; SBP-1"
                     /note="hexamer: AATAAT"
     polyA_site      3096
                     /gene="HMGB1"
                     /gene_synonym="HMG-1; HMG1; HMG3; SBP-1"
                     /note="major polyA site"
     regulatory      4146..4151
                     /regulatory_class="polyA_signal_sequence"
                     /gene="HMGB1"
                     /gene_synonym="HMG-1; HMG1; HMG3; SBP-1"
                     /note="hexamer: AATGAA"
     polyA_site      4152
                     /gene="HMGB1"
                     /gene_synonym="HMG-1; HMG1; HMG3; SBP-1"
     polyA_site      4169
                     /gene="HMGB1"
                     /gene_synonym="HMG-1; HMG1; HMG3; SBP-1"
     regulatory      4184..4189
                     /regulatory_class="polyA_signal_sequence"
                     /gene="HMGB1"
                     /gene_synonym="HMG-1; HMG1; HMG3; SBP-1"
                     /note="hexamer: ATTAAA"
     regulatory      4200..4205
                     /regulatory_class="polyA_signal_sequence"
                     /gene="HMGB1"
                     /gene_synonym="HMG-1; HMG1; HMG3; SBP-1"
                     /note="hexamer: AAGAAA"
     polyA_site      4206
                     /gene="HMGB1"
                     /gene_synonym="HMG-1; HMG1; HMG3; SBP-1"
     polyA_site      4224
                     /gene="HMGB1"
                     /gene_synonym="HMG-1; HMG1; HMG3; SBP-1"
ORIGIN      
        1 tttctgcgga gggattacgc tgacgaaaga gacctgcttg cgcgtcgctg ttccgtggtc
       61 cgcgcgagcg tggtcgggag ccgctggttc ctggggtgac ccgcggaggt gggagaggga
      121 agggcttccg aagccggcgg gggtgccatg gaccctctcc gccggcgcgg ccttcacagc
      181 tgggccgcgc cgggcatccg tagtccgctc tcccaaagcc tcggtggagc tgaagctgcc
      241 acagagtgca tgttcacaaa gggtcatcac acacggagct gcccctccct gtctccctag
      301 agcccatctt cgaggccagg ggcttttcta ccaggattct ggggtgtttc tcctcctttc
      361 ctccctccca gatcttctca cggtaagggg agcagcgaaa gcgcagggac tttgcattcc
      421 acgacccgtt ctgactagtc aacagccgat ctgtccctgc tgctctaatt ccagctgccc
      481 tgccttgttt taacttcaga gaaaggggga gttctcattt gataagttta agcctttgct
      541 ttcgtaggaa ggtcatgtgg cttaagggac atcgtgaccg cgtatgctat ttctgcctgt
      601 gcattctaaa tcttgggggc agcatattcc agaagtcctt ttggtcgatt ggttctgtgt
      661 cctaggataa caatttgtag tttctgacca tttctttaca gaaaaaccac aattggtatt
      721 ttggactgcg gggtttttta gtggtctcaa actaaatgat tatattctgg aataatgctg
      781 acaatttgga tagggtggtg tggaggaaac aagtctcgtg tagaagaaat tatttagtaa
      841 aaaggatttt agtttttggt acttctgaat gcaaatggcc aaggaatcca gcagtttgtt
      901 ggggtttctc cagacaaaaa taggctgaaa aataactaaa catgggcaaa ggagatccta
      961 agaagccgag aggcaaaatg tcatcatatg cattttttgt gcaaacttgt cgggaggagc
     1021 ataagaagaa gcacccagat gcttcagtca acttctcaga gttttctaag aagtgctcag
     1081 agaggtggaa gaccatgtct gctaaagaga aaggaaaatt tgaagatatg gcaaaagcgg
     1141 acaaggcccg ttatgaaaga gaaatgaaaa cctatatccc tcccaaaggg gagacaaaaa
     1201 agaagttcaa ggatcccaat gcacccaaga ggcctccttc ggccttcttc ctcttctgct
     1261 ctgagtatcg cccaaaaatc aaaggagaac atcctggcct gtccattggt gatgttgcga
     1321 agaaactggg agagatgtgg aataacactg ctgcagatga caagcagcct tatgaaaaga
     1381 aggctgcgaa gctgaaggaa aaatacgaaa aggatattgc tgcatatcga gctaaaggaa
     1441 agcctgatgc agcaaaaaag ggagttgtca aggctgaaaa aagcaagaaa aagaaggaag
     1501 aggaggaaga tgaggaagat gaagaggatg aggaggagga ggaagatgaa gaagatgaag
     1561 atgaagaaga agatgatgat gatgaataag ttggttctag cgcagttttt tttttcttgt
     1621 ctataaagca tttaaccccc ctgtacacaa ctcactcctt ttaaagaaaa aaattgaaat
     1681 gtaaggctgt gtaagatttg tttttaaact gtacagtgtc tttttttgta tagttaacac
     1741 actaccgaat gtgtctttag atagccctgt cctggtggta ttttcaatag ccactaacct
     1801 tgcctggtac agtatggggg ttgtaaattg gcatggaaat ttaaagcagg ttcttgttgg
     1861 tgcacagcac aaattagtta tatatgggga tggtagtttt ttcatcttca gttgtctctg
     1921 atgcagctta tacgaaataa ttgttgttct gttaactgaa taccactctg taattgcaaa
     1981 aaaaaaaaaa aagttgcagc tgttttgttg acattctgaa tgcttctaag taaatacaat
     2041 tttttttatt agtattgttg tccttttcat aggtctgaaa tttttcttct tgaggggaag
     2101 ctagtctttt gcttttgccc attttgaatc acatgaatta ttacagtgtt tatcctttca
     2161 tatagttagc taataaaaag cttttgtcta cacaccctgc atatcataat gggggtaaag
     2221 ttaagttgag atagttttca tccataactg aacatccaaa atcttgatca gttaagaaat
     2281 ttcacatagc ccacttacat ttacaaactg aagagtaatc aatctactca aagcatggga
     2341 ttattagaat caaacatttt gaaagtctgt ccttgaagga ctaatagaaa agtatgttct
     2401 aacctttaca tgaggactct attctttaac tcccattacc atgtaatggc agttatattt
     2461 tgcagttccc acattaaaga agacctgaga atgtatcccc aaaagcgtga gcttaaaata
     2521 caagactgcc atattaaatt ttttgttgac attagtctca gtgaagacta tgaaaatgct
     2581 ggctatagat gtcttttccc atttatctaa atatggactg ctcaggaaac gagactttcc
     2641 attacaagta tttttaatta attgggccag cttttcaaac aaagatgcca cattcaaaat
     2701 agggtatatt ttcctatatt acggtttgcc cctttataaa tccaagtaga taggaagaaa
     2761 gaagacaaac tttgcatctc agtatgaatt attcaattta tttgaatgat ttttctttac
     2821 aaaacaaact cattcattag tcatgtttat ctgcttagga gtttagggaa caatttggca
     2881 attttgtggt tttcgagatt atcgttttct taaagtgcca gtattttaaa atagcgttct
     2941 tgtaatttta cacgcttttg tgatggagtg ctgttttgtt atataattta gacttggatt
     3001 ctttccattt gcatttgttt atgtaatttc aggaggaata ctgaacatct gagtcctgga
     3061 tgatactaat aaactaataa ttgcagaggt tttaaatact agttaaatgg ctttcactta
     3121 agaacttaag attttgttac atatttttaa atcttgtttc taataatacc tcttagcagt
     3181 accttttaaa taagtataag ggatggcaaa gtttttccct ttaaaaatac tcactttatg
     3241 cttataaata ggttaatggg ctgataaaag gttttgtcaa acattgcaag tattcggtgc
     3301 tatatataaa ggaggaaaaa ctagttttac tttcagaatg atttaaacaa gatttttaaa
     3361 aacaagatac atgcaagcga acagcagggt tagtgatagg ctgcaattgt gtcgaacatc
     3421 agattttttg ttaagaggag caaatgactc aatctgattt agatggaagt ttctactgta
     3481 tagaaatcac cattaatcac caacattaat aattctgatc catttaaaat gaattctggc
     3541 tcaaggagaa tttgtaactt tagtaggtac gtcatgacaa ctaccatttt tttaagatgt
     3601 tgagaatggg aacagttttt ttagggttta ttcttgacca cagatcttaa gaaaatggac
     3661 aaaacccctc ttcaatctga agattagtat ggtttggtgt tctaacagta tcccctagaa
     3721 gttggatgtc taaaactcaa gtaaatggaa gtgggaggca atttagataa gtgtaaagcc
     3781 ttgtaactga agatgatttt ttttagaaag tgtatagaaa ctattttaat gccaagatag
     3841 ttacagtgct gtggggttta aagactttgt tgacatcaag aaaagactaa atctataatt
     3901 aattgggcca acttttaaaa tgaagatgct ttttaaaact aatgaactaa gatgtataaa
     3961 tcttagtttt tttgtatttt aaagataggc atatggcata ttgattaacg agtcaaattt
     4021 cctaactttg ctgtgcaaag gttgagagct attgctgatt agttaccaca gttctgatga
     4081 tcgtcccatc acagtgttgt taatgtttgc tgtatttatt aattttctta aagtgaaatc
     4141 tgaaaaatga aatttgtgtg tcctgtgtac ccgaggggta atgattaaat gataaagata
     4201 agaaaagcgc ccatgtaaca caaactgcca ttcaacaggt atttccctta ctacctaagg
     4261 aattgtaacc attgctcaga cattgtagga tttaactatg ttgaaaacta caggagaggc
     4321 cgggcgcagt ggctcacgcc tgtaatccca gcactttggg aggccaaggc gggcagatca
     4381 cgaggtcagg agattgagac catcctggct aacgtggtga aaccccgcct ctactaaaaa
     4441 tacaaaaaat tagccaagcg tggtgctggg cgcctgtagt cccagtaact caggaggctg
     4501 aggcaggaga atggcgtgaa cccgggaggc ggaggttgca gtgagccgag attgtgccac
     4561 tgcactccag cctgggtgac agagcaagac tccatctcaa aaaaaaaaaa aaaacacagg
     4621 agagacaact ggtttttgaa tgaaatacat gggtactgcc ttgcttgaca tcacatagtc
     4681 cttgatgaaa gttcacattt aggtctgctt ggtacaatac gcctcctaaa aaggtccttg
     4741 atgaaagttc acatttaggt ctgcttggta caacacgcct cctgaaaggg tctgatagct
     4801 ttcagtagca gtaagacact tgcatgtgat ggtaaggtat ctgcaaattt gcacacaccg
     4861 tacacagctt aagtcttaga attaacttgc taaaatgtga gcctttggta attaggctgt
     4921 tttattaggg agtgtgataa tatttgaatt tcttttcata tttgtgcttt gtgtcatttt
     4981 caaatgaccc ttgaaatgta ttttaaaagt agataaaagc cagaaagtga
//
