LOCUS       NM_130769                752 bp    mRNA    linear   PRI 11-FEB-2025
DEFINITION  Homo sapiens glycoprotein hormone subunit alpha 2 (GPHA2), mRNA.
ACCESSION   NM_130769
VERSION     NM_130769.4
KEYWORDS    RefSeq; MANE Select.
SOURCE      Homo sapiens (human)
  ORGANISM  Homo sapiens
            Eukaryota; Metazoa; Chordata; Craniata; Vertebrata; Euteleostomi;
            Mammalia; Eutheria; Euarchontoglires; Primates; Haplorrhini;
            Catarrhini; Hominidae; Homo.
REFERENCE   1  (bases 1 to 752)
  AUTHORS   Ge,X., Weis,K. and Raetzman,L.
  TITLE     Glycoprotein hormone subunit alpha 2 (GPHA2): A pituitary stem
            cell-expressed gene associated with NOTCH2 signaling
  JOURNAL   Mol Cell Endocrinol 586, 112163 (2024)
   PUBMED   38246572
  REMARK    GeneRIF: Glycoprotein hormone subunit alpha 2 (GPHA2): A pituitary
            stem cell-expressed gene associated with NOTCH2 signaling.
REFERENCE   2  (bases 1 to 752)
  AUTHORS   Bassett,J.H., van der Spek,A., Logan,J.G., Gogakos,A.,
            Bagchi-Chakraborty,J., Williams,A.J., Murphy,E., van Zeijl,C.,
            Down,J., Croucher,P.I., Boyde,A., Boelen,A. and Williams,G.R.
  TITLE     Thyrostimulin Regulates Osteoblastic Bone Formation During Early
            Skeletal Development
  JOURNAL   Endocrinology 156 (9), 3098-3113 (2015)
   PUBMED   26018249
  REMARK    GeneRIF: expressed in osteoblasts and osteoclasts
            Erratum:[Endocrinology. 2018 Apr 1;159(4):1762. doi:
            10.1210/en.2018-00190.. PMID: 29529189]
REFERENCE   3  (bases 1 to 752)
  AUTHORS   Hasson,S.A., Kane,L.A., Yamano,K., Huang,C.H., Sliter,D.A.,
            Buehler,E., Wang,C., Heman-Ackah,S.M., Hessa,T., Guha,R.,
            Martin,S.E. and Youle,R.J.
  TITLE     High-content genome-wide RNAi screens identify regulators of parkin
            upstream of mitophagy
  JOURNAL   Nature 504 (7479), 291-295 (2013)
   PUBMED   24270810
REFERENCE   4  (bases 1 to 752)
  AUTHORS   Okajima,Y., Nagasaki,H., Suzuki,C., Suga,H., Ozaki,N., Arima,H.,
            Hamada,Y., Civelli,O. and Oiso,Y.
  TITLE     Biochemical roles of the oligosaccharide chains in thyrostimulin, a
            heterodimeric hormone of glycoprotein hormone subunits alpha 2
            (GPA2) and beta 5 (GPB5)
  JOURNAL   Regul Pept 148 (1-3), 62-67 (2008)
   PUBMED   18433898
  REMARK    GeneRIF: Dual site-disrupted GPA2 and the GPB5 mutant were not
            expressed in either the conditioned medium or cell lysate.
REFERENCE   5  (bases 1 to 752)
  AUTHORS   Suzuki,C., Nagasaki,H., Okajima,Y., Suga,H., Arima,H., Iwasaki,Y.
            and Oiso,Y.
  TITLE     The LIM domain homeobox gene isl-1 is a positive regulator of
            glycoprotein alpha 2 (GPA2), a subunit of thyrostimulin
  JOURNAL   Regul Pept 142 (1-2), 60-67 (2007)
   PUBMED   17363077
  REMARK    GeneRIF: Sudy illustrated that GPA2 is positively regulated by
            isl-1, suggesting that this protein associates with endocrine
            systems including the pituitary and pancreas.
REFERENCE   6  (bases 1 to 752)
  AUTHORS   Okada,S.L., Ellsworth,J.L., Durnam,D.M., Haugen,H.S.,
            Holloway,J.L., Kelley,M.L., Lewis,K.E., Ren,H., Sheppard,P.O.,
            Storey,H.M., Waggie,K.S., Wolf,A.C., Yao,L.Y. and Webster,P.J.
  TITLE     A glycoprotein hormone expressed in corticotrophs exhibits unique
            binding properties on thyroid-stimulating hormone receptor
  JOURNAL   Mol Endocrinol 20 (2), 414-425 (2006)
   PUBMED   16210345
REFERENCE   7  (bases 1 to 752)
  AUTHORS   Breous,E., Wenzel,A. and Loos,U.
  TITLE     Promoter cloning and characterisation of the transcriptional
            regulation of the human thyrostimulin A2 subunit
  JOURNAL   Mol Cell Endocrinol 245 (1-2), 169-180 (2005)
   PUBMED   16376481
  REMARK    GeneRIF: cloning and functional analysis of the promoter of the
            thyrostimulin A2 subunit
REFERENCE   8  (bases 1 to 752)
  AUTHORS   Sudo,S., Kuwabara,Y., Park,J.I., Hsu,S.Y. and Hsueh,A.J.
  TITLE     Heterodimeric fly glycoprotein hormone-alpha2 (GPA2) and
            glycoprotein hormone-beta5 (GPB5) activate fly leucine-rich
            repeat-containing G protein-coupled receptor-1 (DLGR1) and
            stimulation of human thyrotropin receptors by chimeric fly GPA2 and
            human GPB5
  JOURNAL   Endocrinology 146 (8), 3596-3604 (2005)
   PUBMED   15890769
  REMARK    GeneRIF: GPA2, and another beta-subunit, GPB5, in human, are
            capable of forming heterodimers to activate TSH receptors.
REFERENCE   9  (bases 1 to 752)
  AUTHORS   Hsu,S.Y., Nakabayashi,K. and Bhalla,A.
  TITLE     Evolution of glycoprotein hormone subunit genes in bilateral
            metazoa: identification of two novel human glycoprotein hormone
            subunit family genes, GPA2 and GPB5
  JOURNAL   Mol Endocrinol 16 (7), 1538-1551 (2002)
   PUBMED   12089349
  REMARK    GeneRIF: identification and characterization of GPA2 genes
REFERENCE   10 (bases 1 to 752)
  AUTHORS   Nakabayashi,K., Matsumi,H., Bhalla,A., Bae,J., Mosselman,S.,
            Hsu,S.Y. and Hsueh,A.J.
  TITLE     Thyrostimulin, a heterodimer of two new human glycoprotein hormone
            subunits, activates the thyroid-stimulating hormone receptor
  JOURNAL   J Clin Invest 109 (11), 1445-1452 (2002)
   PUBMED   12045258
COMMENT     VALIDATED REFSEQ: This record has undergone validation or
            preliminary review. The reference sequence was derived from
            AP001187.5 and AF260739.1.
            
            On Nov 23, 2018 this sequence version replaced NM_130769.3.
            
            Summary: GPHA2 is a cystine knot-forming polypeptide and a subunit
            of the dimeric glycoprotein hormone family (Hsu et al., 2002
            [PubMed 12089349]).[supplied by OMIM, Mar 2008].
            
            ##Evidence-Data-START##
            Transcript exon combination :: AF260739.1, BC093960.1 [ECO:0000332]
            RNAseq introns              :: single sample supports all introns
                                           SAMEA1968968, SAMEA2144335
                                           [ECO:0000348]
            ##Evidence-Data-END##
            
            ##RefSeq-Attributes-START##
            MANE Ensembl match     :: ENST00000279168.7/ ENSP00000279168.2
            RefSeq Select criteria :: based on conservation, expression,
                                      longest protein
            ##RefSeq-Attributes-END##
            COMPLETENESS: full length.
PRIMARY     REFSEQ_SPAN         PRIMARY_IDENTIFIER PRIMARY_SPAN        COMP
            1-5                 AP001187.5         141689-141693       c
            6-494               AF260739.1         1-489
            495-495             AP001187.5         140528-140528       c
            496-752             AF260739.1         491-747
FEATURES             Location/Qualifiers
     source          1..752
                     /organism="Homo sapiens"
                     /mol_type="mRNA"
                     /db_xref="taxon:9606"
                     /chromosome="11"
                     /map="11q13.1"
     gene            1..752
                     /gene="GPHA2"
                     /gene_synonym="A2; GPA2; ZSIG51"
                     /note="glycoprotein hormone subunit alpha 2"
                     /db_xref="GeneID:170589"
                     /db_xref="HGNC:HGNC:18054"
                     /db_xref="MIM:609651"
     exon            1..60
                     /gene="GPHA2"
                     /gene_synonym="A2; GPA2; ZSIG51"
                     /inference="alignment:Splign:2.1.0"
     CDS             61..450
                     /gene="GPHA2"
                     /gene_synonym="A2; GPA2; ZSIG51"
                     /note="cysteine knot protein; glycoprotein alpha 2;
                     thyrostimulin subunit alpha; putative secreted protein
                     Zsig51; glycoprotein hormone alpha 2"
                     /codon_start=1
                     /product="glycoprotein hormone alpha-2 precursor"
                     /protein_id="NP_570125.1"
                     /db_xref="CCDS:CCDS8086.1"
                     /db_xref="GeneID:170589"
                     /db_xref="HGNC:HGNC:18054"
                     /db_xref="MIM:609651"
                     /translation="MPMASPQTLVLYLLVLAVTEAWGQEAVIPGCHLHPFNVTVRSDR
                     QGTCQGSHVAQACVGHCESSAFPSRYSVLVASGYRHNITSVSQCCTISGLKKVKVQLQ
                     CVGSRREELEIFTARACQCDMCRLSRY"
     exon            61..163
                     /gene="GPHA2"
                     /gene_synonym="A2; GPA2; ZSIG51"
                     /inference="alignment:Splign:2.1.0"
     exon            164..348
                     /gene="GPHA2"
                     /gene_synonym="A2; GPA2; ZSIG51"
                     /inference="alignment:Splign:2.1.0"
     exon            349..752
                     /gene="GPHA2"
                     /gene_synonym="A2; GPA2; ZSIG51"
                     /inference="alignment:Splign:2.1.0"
     regulatory      731..736
                     /regulatory_class="polyA_signal_sequence"
                     /gene="GPHA2"
                     /gene_synonym="A2; GPA2; ZSIG51"
                     /note="hexamer: AATAAA"
     polyA_site      752
                     /gene="GPHA2"
                     /gene_synonym="A2; GPA2; ZSIG51"
                     /note="major polyA site"
ORIGIN      
        1 ggagaccagc aggaggcaca ggaaaactgc aagccgctct gttcctgggc ctcggaagtg
       61 atgcctatgg cgtcccctca aaccctggtc ctctatctgc tggtcctggc agtcactgaa
      121 gcctggggcc aggaggcagt catcccaggc tgccacttgc accccttcaa tgtgacagtg
      181 cgaagtgacc gccaaggcac ctgccagggc tcccacgtgg cacaggcctg tgtgggccac
      241 tgtgagtcca gcgccttccc ttctcggtac tctgtgctgg tggccagtgg ttaccgacac
      301 aacatcacct ccgtctctca gtgctgcacc atcagtggcc tgaagaaggt caaagtacag
      361 ctgcagtgtg tggggagccg gagggaggag ctcgagatct tcacggccag ggcctgccag
      421 tgtgacatgt gtcgcctctc tcgctactag cccatcctct cccctccttc ctcccctggg
      481 tcacagggct tgacgttctg gtgggggaaa cctgtgttca agattcaaaa actggaagga
      541 gctccagccc tgatggttac ttgctatgga atttttttaa ataaggggag ggttgttcca
      601 gctttgatcc tttgtaagat tttgtgactg tcacctgaga agaggggagt ttctgcttct
      661 tccctgcctc tgcctggccc ttctaaacca atctttcatc attttacttc cctctttgcc
      721 cttaccccta aataaagcaa gcagttcttg aa
//
