LOCUS       NM_001198754             993 bp    mRNA    linear   PRI 04-APR-2024
DEFINITION  Homo sapiens G protein subunit gamma transducin 2 (GNGT2),
            transcript variant 2, mRNA.
ACCESSION   NM_001198754
VERSION     NM_001198754.2
KEYWORDS    RefSeq; MANE Select.
SOURCE      Homo sapiens (human)
  ORGANISM  Homo sapiens
            Eukaryota; Metazoa; Chordata; Craniata; Vertebrata; Euteleostomi;
            Mammalia; Eutheria; Euarchontoglires; Primates; Haplorrhini;
            Catarrhini; Hominidae; Homo.
REFERENCE   1  (bases 1 to 993)
  AUTHORS   Khater,M., Bryant,C.N. and Wu,G.
  TITLE     Gbetagamma translocation to the Golgi apparatus activates ARF1 to
            spatiotemporally regulate G protein-coupled receptor signaling to
            MAPK
  JOURNAL   J Biol Chem 296, 100805 (2021)
   PUBMED   34022220
  REMARK    GeneRIF: Gbetagamma translocation to the Golgi apparatus activates
            ARF1 to spatiotemporally regulate G protein-coupled receptor
            signaling to MAPK.
REFERENCE   2  (bases 1 to 993)
  AUTHORS   Dong,Z., Ma,Y., Zhou,H., Shi,L., Ye,G., Yang,L., Liu,P. and Zhou,L.
  TITLE     Integrated genomics analysis highlights important SNPs and genes
            implicated in moderate-to-severe asthma based on GWAS and eQTL
            datasets
  JOURNAL   BMC Pulm Med 20 (1), 270 (2020)
   PUBMED   33066754
  REMARK    GeneRIF: Integrated genomics analysis highlights important SNPs and
            genes implicated in moderate-to-severe asthma based on GWAS and
            eQTL datasets.
            Publication Status: Online-Only
REFERENCE   3  (bases 1 to 993)
  AUTHORS   Liu,G.M., Ji,X., Lu,T.C., Duan,L.W., Jia,W.Y., Liu,Y., Sun,M.L. and
            Luo,Y.G.
  TITLE     Comprehensive multi-omics analysis identified core molecular
            processes in esophageal cancer and revealed GNGT2 as a potential
            prognostic marker
  JOURNAL   World J Gastroenterol 25 (48), 6890-6901 (2019)
   PUBMED   31908393
  REMARK    GeneRIF: Survival analysis showed that G protein subunit gamma
            transducin 2 (GNGT2) was closely related to survival of esophageal
            cancer. Expression of GNGT2 was evaluated by quantitative real time
            polymerase chain reaction, and the results showed that GNGT2
            expression was significantly upregulated in esophageal cancer
            patient samples and cell lines, and that GNGT2 could promote the
            proliferation of esophageal cancer cell lines.
REFERENCE   4  (bases 1 to 993)
  AUTHORS   Blanquart,S., Borowiec,A.S., Delcourt,P., Figeac,M., Emerling,C.A.,
            Meseguer,A.S., Roudbaraki,M., Prevarskaya,N. and Bidaux,G.
  TITLE     Evolution of the human cold/menthol receptor, TRPM8
  JOURNAL   Mol Phylogenet Evol 136, 104-118 (2019)
   PUBMED   30980935
REFERENCE   5  (bases 1 to 993)
  AUTHORS   Eeles,R.A., Olama,A.A., Benlloch,S., Saunders,E.J.,
            Leongamornlert,D.A., Tymrakiewicz,M., Ghoussaini,M., Luccarini,C.,
            Dennis,J., Jugurnauth-Little,S., Dadaev,T., Neal,D.E., Hamdy,F.C.,
            Donovan,J.L., Muir,K., Giles,G.G., Severi,G., Wiklund,F.,
            Gronberg,H., Haiman,C.A., Schumacher,F., Henderson,B.E., Le
            Marchand,L., Lindstrom,S., Kraft,P., Hunter,D.J., Gapstur,S.,
            Chanock,S.J., Berndt,S.I., Albanes,D., Andriole,G., Schleutker,J.,
            Weischer,M., Canzian,F., Riboli,E., Key,T.J., Travis,R.C.,
            Campa,D., Ingles,S.A., John,E.M., Hayes,R.B., Pharoah,P.D.,
            Pashayan,N., Khaw,K.T., Stanford,J.L., Ostrander,E.A.,
            Signorello,L.B., Thibodeau,S.N., Schaid,D., Maier,C., Vogel,W.,
            Kibel,A.S., Cybulski,C., Lubinski,J., Cannon-Albright,L.,
            Brenner,H., Park,J.Y., Kaneva,R., Batra,J., Spurdle,A.B.,
            Clements,J.A., Teixeira,M.R., Dicks,E., Lee,A., Dunning,A.M.,
            Baynes,C., Conroy,D., Maranian,M.J., Ahmed,S., Govindasami,K.,
            Guy,M., Wilkinson,R.A., Sawyer,E.J., Morgan,A., Dearnaley,D.P.,
            Horwich,A., Huddart,R.A., Khoo,V.S., Parker,C.C., Van As,N.J.,
            Woodhouse,C.J., Thompson,A., Dudderidge,T., Ogden,C., Cooper,C.S.,
            Lophatananon,A., Cox,A., Southey,M.C., Hopper,J.L., English,D.R.,
            Aly,M., Adolfsson,J., Xu,J., Zheng,S.L., Yeager,M., Kaaks,R.,
            Diver,W.R., Gaudet,M.M., Stern,M.C., Corral,R., Joshi,A.D.,
            Shahabi,A., Wahlfors,T., Tammela,T.L., Auvinen,A., Virtamo,J.,
            Klarskov,P., Nordestgaard,B.G., Roder,M.A., Nielsen,S.F.,
            Bojesen,S.E., Siddiq,A., Fitzgerald,L.M., Kolb,S., Kwon,E.M.,
            Karyadi,D.M., Blot,W.J., Zheng,W., Cai,Q., McDonnell,S.K.,
            Rinckleb,A.E., Drake,B., Colditz,G., Wokolorczyk,D.,
            Stephenson,R.A., Teerlink,C., Muller,H., Rothenbacher,D.,
            Sellers,T.A., Lin,H.Y., Slavov,C., Mitev,V., Lose,F.,
            Srinivasan,S., Maia,S., Paulo,P., Lange,E., Cooney,K.A.,
            Antoniou,A.C., Vincent,D., Bacot,F., Tessier,D.C., Kote-Jarai,Z.
            and Easton,D.F.
  CONSRTM   COGS-Cancer Research UK GWAS-ELLIPSE (part of GAME-ON) Initiative;
            Australian Prostate Cancer Bioresource; UK Genetic Prostate Cancer
            Study Collaborators/British Association of Urological Surgeons'
            Section of Oncology; UK ProtecT (Prostate testing for cancer and
            Treatment) Study Collaborators; PRACTICAL (Prostate Cancer
            Association Group to Investigate Cancer-Associated Alterations in
            the Genome) Consortium
  TITLE     Identification of 23 new prostate cancer susceptibility loci using
            the iCOGS custom genotyping array
  JOURNAL   Nat Genet 45 (4), 385-391 (2013)
   PUBMED   23535732
REFERENCE   6  (bases 1 to 993)
  AUTHORS   Yang,M., He,R.L., Benovic,J.L. and Ye,R.D.
  TITLE     beta-Arrestin1 interacts with the G-protein subunits beta1gamma2
            and promotes beta1gamma2-dependent Akt signalling for NF-kappaB
            activation
  JOURNAL   Biochem J 417 (1), 287-296 (2009)
   PUBMED   18729826
  REMARK    GeneRIF: Results identify novel functions of beta-arrestin1 in
            binding to the beta1gamma2 subunits of heterotrimeric G-proteins
            and promoting G(betagamma)-mediated Akt signalling for NF-kappaB
            activation.
REFERENCE   7  (bases 1 to 993)
  AUTHORS   Huang,L., Shanker,Y.G., Dubauskaite,J., Zheng,J.Z., Yan,W.,
            Rosenzweig,S., Spielman,A.I., Max,M. and Margolskee,R.F.
  TITLE     Ggamma13 colocalizes with gustducin in taste receptor cells and
            mediates IP3 responses to bitter denatonium
  JOURNAL   Nat Neurosci 2 (12), 1055-1062 (1999)
   PUBMED   10570481
REFERENCE   8  (bases 1 to 993)
  AUTHORS   Ong,O.C., Hu,K., Rong,H., Lee,R.H. and Fung,B.K.
  TITLE     Gene structure and chromosome localization of the G gamma c subunit
            of human cone G-protein (GNGT2)
  JOURNAL   Genomics 44 (1), 101-109 (1997)
   PUBMED   9286705
REFERENCE   9  (bases 1 to 993)
  AUTHORS   Huang,C.L., Jan,Y.N. and Jan,L.Y.
  TITLE     Binding of the G protein betagamma subunit to multiple regions of G
            protein-gated inward-rectifying K+ channels
  JOURNAL   FEBS Lett 405 (3), 291-298 (1997)
   PUBMED   9108307
REFERENCE   10 (bases 1 to 993)
  AUTHORS   Cohen,N.A., Sha,Q., Makhina,E.N., Lopatin,A.N., Linder,M.E.,
            Snyder,S.H. and Nichols,C.G.
  TITLE     Inhibition of an inward rectifier potassium channel (Kir2.3) by
            G-protein betagamma subunits
  JOURNAL   J Biol Chem 271 (50), 32301-32305 (1996)
   PUBMED   8943291
COMMENT     REVIEWED REFSEQ: This record has been curated by NCBI staff. The
            reference sequence was derived from DA248836.1, AC069454.22 and
            BU742490.1.
            This sequence is a reference standard in the RefSeqGene project.
            
            On Nov 23, 2018 this sequence version replaced NM_001198754.1.
            
            Summary: Phototransduction in rod and cone photoreceptors is
            regulated by groups of signaling proteins. The encoded protein is
            thought to play a crucial role in cone phototransduction. It
            belongs to the G protein gamma family and localized specifically in
            cones. Several transcript variants encoding the same protein have
            been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Nov 2010].
            
            Transcript Variant: This variant (2) differs in the 5' UTR compared
            to variant 1. All four variants encode the same protein.
            
            Sequence Note: This RefSeq record was created from transcript and
            genomic sequence data to make the sequence consistent with the
            reference genome assembly. The genomic coordinates used for the
            transcript record were based on transcript alignments.
            
            Publication Note:  This RefSeq record includes a subset of the
            publications that are available for this gene. Please see the Gene
            record to access additional publications.
            
            ##Evidence-Data-START##
            Transcript exon combination :: SRR1163658.569967.1,
                                           SRR1803616.223574.1 [ECO:0000332]
            RNAseq introns              :: single sample supports all introns
                                           SAMEA1968540 [ECO:0000348]
            ##Evidence-Data-END##
            
            ##RefSeq-Attributes-START##
            MANE Ensembl match     :: ENST00000507680.6/ ENSP00000421710.1
            RefSeq Select criteria :: based on conservation, expression,
                                      longest protein
            ##RefSeq-Attributes-END##
            COMPLETENESS: full length.
PRIMARY     REFSEQ_SPAN         PRIMARY_IDENTIFIER PRIMARY_SPAN        COMP
            1-585               DA248836.1         1-585
            586-977             AC069454.22        95917-96308         c
            978-993             BU742490.1         21-36               c
FEATURES             Location/Qualifiers
     source          1..993
                     /organism="Homo sapiens"
                     /mol_type="mRNA"
                     /db_xref="taxon:9606"
                     /chromosome="17"
                     /map="17q21.32"
     gene            1..993
                     /gene="GNGT2"
                     /gene_synonym="G-GAMMA-8; G-GAMMA-C; GNG9; GNGT8; HG3I"
                     /note="G protein subunit gamma transducin 2"
                     /db_xref="GeneID:2793"
                     /db_xref="HGNC:HGNC:4412"
                     /db_xref="MIM:139391"
     exon            1..131
                     /gene="GNGT2"
                     /gene_synonym="G-GAMMA-8; G-GAMMA-C; GNG9; GNGT8; HG3I"
                     /inference="alignment:Splign:2.1.0"
     exon            132..241
                     /gene="GNGT2"
                     /gene_synonym="G-GAMMA-8; G-GAMMA-C; GNG9; GNGT8; HG3I"
                     /inference="alignment:Splign:2.1.0"
     exon            242..347
                     /gene="GNGT2"
                     /gene_synonym="G-GAMMA-8; G-GAMMA-C; GNG9; GNGT8; HG3I"
                     /inference="alignment:Splign:2.1.0"
     CDS             264..473
                     /gene="GNGT2"
                     /gene_synonym="G-GAMMA-8; G-GAMMA-C; GNG9; GNGT8; HG3I"
                     /note="gamma-T2 subunit; G protein cone gamma 8 subunit;
                     guanine nucleotide binding protein gamma 9; G-gamma-9; g
                     gamma-C; guanine nucleotide binding protein gamma
                     transducing activity polypeptide 2; guanine nucleotide
                     binding protein (G protein), gamma transducing activity
                     polypeptide 2; heterotrimeric guanine nucleotide-binding
                     protein 3I"
                     /codon_start=1
                     /product="guanine nucleotide-binding protein
                     G(I)/G(S)/G(O) subunit gamma-T2"
                     /protein_id="NP_001185683.1"
                     /db_xref="CCDS:CCDS11545.1"
                     /db_xref="GeneID:2793"
                     /db_xref="HGNC:HGNC:4412"
                     /db_xref="MIM:139391"
                     /translation="MAQDLSEKDLLKMEVEQLKKEVKNTRIPISKAGKEIKEYVEAQA
                     GNDPFLKGIPEDKNPFKEKGGCLIS"
     exon            348..993
                     /gene="GNGT2"
                     /gene_synonym="G-GAMMA-8; G-GAMMA-C; GNG9; GNGT8; HG3I"
                     /inference="alignment:Splign:2.1.0"
     regulatory      579..584
                     /regulatory_class="polyA_signal_sequence"
                     /gene="GNGT2"
                     /gene_synonym="G-GAMMA-8; G-GAMMA-C; GNG9; GNGT8; HG3I"
                     /note="hexamer: AGTAAA"
     polyA_site      598
                     /gene="GNGT2"
                     /gene_synonym="G-GAMMA-8; G-GAMMA-C; GNG9; GNGT8; HG3I"
     regulatory      845..850
                     /regulatory_class="polyA_signal_sequence"
                     /gene="GNGT2"
                     /gene_synonym="G-GAMMA-8; G-GAMMA-C; GNG9; GNGT8; HG3I"
                     /note="hexamer: AATAAA"
     polyA_site      864
                     /gene="GNGT2"
                     /gene_synonym="G-GAMMA-8; G-GAMMA-C; GNG9; GNGT8; HG3I"
                     /note="major polyA site"
     regulatory      974..979
                     /regulatory_class="polyA_signal_sequence"
                     /gene="GNGT2"
                     /gene_synonym="G-GAMMA-8; G-GAMMA-C; GNG9; GNGT8; HG3I"
                     /note="hexamer: AACAAG"
     polyA_site      993
                     /gene="GNGT2"
                     /gene_synonym="G-GAMMA-8; G-GAMMA-C; GNG9; GNGT8; HG3I"
ORIGIN      
        1 attccgggac aagaggaagt cagtcctgct ccccgagcct gtgtctctct gtcccctgcc
       61 cagaggaagg gggaagccag gggcccattt gggggcccag cccccaatcc cacccagcag
      121 aggaagccaa ggccatctgc tttatctgaa gattttcagc tgatgaagaa ctaggaggct
      181 caaacactat cttacctgag tccaggacaa gtgacttgga gagtgtgctc ttctgtggca
      241 ggatcaggtc tgtctagggc aggatggccc aggatctcag cgagaaggac ctgttgaaga
      301 tggaggtgga gcagctgaag aaagaagtga aaaacacaag aattccgatt tccaaagcgg
      361 gaaaggaaat caaggagtac gtggaggccc aagcaggaaa cgatcctttt ctcaaaggca
      421 tccctgagga caagaatccc ttcaaggaga aaggtggctg tctgataagc tgatggcatg
      481 gagccctgcc ctgagtgtct gtccctcttc agccaagccc aagtctccta gacccccagg
      541 gagccagtga actgtcacct tctcttcatc acagaatgag taaagatccc tgaacaaatg
      601 cattgtgaac ccattcccca ctcccacctt caactctttt ctcccattat ttcctccacc
      661 tgctgggtct ctgctgacct tgctgggaac actctgagga cagtgtggct ggccgagcgg
      721 ttggccccat gggtggtggg gtgtgagaag cctgcaatac cccaagaccc cagagggcag
      781 tccttaggaa gcacttacac cacctgggaa cccctccgtc ttttccctct actctcatcc
      841 taggaataaa gcatttccac gccagagtag tttgggctgg gggccagggt tgggtggtcc
      901 tgtccctcca tatcatgtcc taccctatgg tcctgttcct agtcatttag atcaccccag
      961 atggcctgat gacaacaaga gtttgtgaag tta
//
