LOCUS       NM_018841               4395 bp    mRNA    linear   PRI 04-APR-2024
DEFINITION  Homo sapiens G protein subunit gamma 12 (GNG12), mRNA.
ACCESSION   NM_018841
VERSION     NM_018841.6
KEYWORDS    RefSeq; MANE Select.
SOURCE      Homo sapiens (human)
  ORGANISM  Homo sapiens
            Eukaryota; Metazoa; Chordata; Craniata; Vertebrata; Euteleostomi;
            Mammalia; Eutheria; Euarchontoglires; Primates; Haplorrhini;
            Catarrhini; Hominidae; Homo.
REFERENCE   1  (bases 1 to 4395)
  AUTHORS   Yuan,J., Yuan,Z., Ye,A., Wu,T., Jia,J., Guo,J., Zhang,J., Li,T. and
            Cheng,X.
  TITLE     Low GNG12 Expression Predicts Adverse Outcomes: A Potential
            Therapeutic Target for Osteosarcoma
  JOURNAL   Front Immunol 12, 758845 (2021)
   PUBMED   34691083
  REMARK    GeneRIF: Low GNG12 Expression Predicts Adverse Outcomes: A
            Potential Therapeutic Target for Osteosarcoma.
            Publication Status: Online-Only
REFERENCE   2  (bases 1 to 4395)
  AUTHORS   Luck,K., Kim,D.K., Lambourne,L., Spirohn,K., Begg,B.E., Bian,W.,
            Brignall,R., Cafarelli,T., Campos-Laborie,F.J., Charloteaux,B.,
            Choi,D., Cote,A.G., Daley,M., Deimling,S., Desbuleux,A., Dricot,A.,
            Gebbia,M., Hardy,M.F., Kishore,N., Knapp,J.J., Kovacs,I.A.,
            Lemmens,I., Mee,M.W., Mellor,J.C., Pollis,C., Pons,C.,
            Richardson,A.D., Schlabach,S., Teeking,B., Yadav,A., Babor,M.,
            Balcha,D., Basha,O., Bowman-Colin,C., Chin,S.F., Choi,S.G.,
            Colabella,C., Coppin,G., D'Amata,C., De Ridder,D., De Rouck,S.,
            Duran-Frigola,M., Ennajdaoui,H., Goebels,F., Goehring,L., Gopal,A.,
            Haddad,G., Hatchi,E., Helmy,M., Jacob,Y., Kassa,Y., Landini,S.,
            Li,R., van Lieshout,N., MacWilliams,A., Markey,D., Paulson,J.N.,
            Rangarajan,S., Rasla,J., Rayhan,A., Rolland,T., San-Miguel,A.,
            Shen,Y., Sheykhkarimli,D., Sheynkman,G.M., Simonovsky,E., Tasan,M.,
            Tejeda,A., Tropepe,V., Twizere,J.C., Wang,Y., Weatheritt,R.J.,
            Weile,J., Xia,Y., Yang,X., Yeger-Lotem,E., Zhong,Q., Aloy,P.,
            Bader,G.D., De Las Rivas,J., Gaudet,S., Hao,T., Rak,J.,
            Tavernier,J., Hill,D.E., Vidal,M., Roth,F.P. and Calderwood,M.A.
  TITLE     A reference map of the human binary protein interactome
  JOURNAL   Nature 580 (7803), 402-408 (2020)
   PUBMED   32296183
REFERENCE   3  (bases 1 to 4395)
  AUTHORS   Li,J., Jin,C., Zou,C., Qiao,X., Ma,P., Hu,D., Li,W., Jin,J., Jin,X.
            and Fan,P.
  TITLE     GNG12 regulates PD-L1 expression by activating NF-kappaB signaling
            in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma
  JOURNAL   FEBS Open Bio 10 (2), 278-287 (2020)
   PUBMED   31898405
  REMARK    GeneRIF: GNG12 regulates PD-L1 expression by activating NF-kappaB
            signaling in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma.
REFERENCE   4  (bases 1 to 4395)
  AUTHORS   Fragoza,R., Das,J., Wierbowski,S.D., Liang,J., Tran,T.N., Liang,S.,
            Beltran,J.F., Rivera-Erick,C.A., Ye,K., Wang,T.Y., Yao,L., Mort,M.,
            Stenson,P.D., Cooper,D.N., Wei,X., Keinan,A., Schimenti,J.C.,
            Clark,A.G. and Yu,H.
  TITLE     Extensive disruption of protein interactions by genetic variants
            across the allele frequency spectrum in human populations
  JOURNAL   Nat Commun 10 (1), 4141 (2019)
   PUBMED   31515488
  REMARK    Publication Status: Online-Only
REFERENCE   5  (bases 1 to 4395)
  AUTHORS   Wiklund,P., Karhunen,V., Richmond,R.C., Parmar,P., Rodriguez,A., De
            Silva,M., Wielscher,M., Rezwan,F.I., Richardson,T.G., Veijola,J.,
            Herzig,K.H., Holloway,J.W., Relton,C.L., Sebert,S. and
            Jarvelin,M.R.
  TITLE     DNA methylation links prenatal smoking exposure to later life
            health outcomes in offspring
  JOURNAL   Clin Epigenetics 11 (1), 97 (2019)
   PUBMED   31262328
  REMARK    GeneRIF: Results showed some evidence of differentially methylated
            cg25189904 in GNG12 gene mediating the effect of exposure to
            maternal smoking on schizophrenia-related outcomes.
            Publication Status: Online-Only
REFERENCE   6  (bases 1 to 4395)
  AUTHORS   Hu,R.M., Han,Z.G., Song,H.D., Peng,Y.D., Huang,Q.H., Ren,S.X.,
            Gu,Y.J., Huang,C.H., Li,Y.B., Jiang,C.L., Fu,G., Zhang,Q.H.,
            Gu,B.W., Dai,M., Mao,Y.F., Gao,G.F., Rong,R., Ye,M., Zhou,J.,
            Xu,S.H., Gu,J., Shi,J.X., Jin,W.R., Zhang,C.K., Wu,T.M.,
            Huang,G.Y., Chen,Z., Chen,M.D. and Chen,J.L.
  TITLE     Gene expression profiling in the human
            hypothalamus-pituitary-adrenal axis and full-length cDNA cloning
  JOURNAL   Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 97 (17), 9543-9548 (2000)
   PUBMED   10931946
REFERENCE   7  (bases 1 to 4395)
  AUTHORS   Hurowitz,E.H., Melnyk,J.M., Chen,Y.J., Kouros-Mehr,H., Simon,M.I.
            and Shizuya,H.
  TITLE     Genomic characterization of the human heterotrimeric G protein
            alpha, beta, and gamma subunit genes
  JOURNAL   DNA Res 7 (2), 111-120 (2000)
   PUBMED   10819326
REFERENCE   8  (bases 1 to 4395)
  AUTHORS   Asano,T., Morishita,R., Ueda,H. and Kato,K.
  TITLE     Selective association of G protein beta(4) with gamma(5) and
            gamma(12) subunits in bovine tissues
  JOURNAL   J Biol Chem 274 (30), 21425-21429 (1999)
   PUBMED   10409705
REFERENCE   9  (bases 1 to 4395)
  AUTHORS   Morishita,R., Saga,S., Kawamura,N., Hashizume,Y., Inagaki,T.,
            Kato,K. and Asano,T.
  TITLE     Differential localization of the gamma 3 and gamma 12 subunits of G
            proteins in the mammalian brain
  JOURNAL   J Neurochem 68 (2), 820-827 (1997)
   PUBMED   9003074
REFERENCE   10 (bases 1 to 4395)
  AUTHORS   Morishita,R., Nakayama,H., Isobe,T., Matsuda,T., Hashimoto,Y.,
            Okano,T., Fukada,Y., Mizuno,K., Ohno,S., Kozawa,O. et al.
  TITLE     Primary structure of a gamma subunit of G protein, gamma 12, and
            its phosphorylation by protein kinase C
  JOURNAL   J Biol Chem 270 (49), 29469-29475 (1995)
   PUBMED   7493986
COMMENT     VALIDATED REFSEQ: This record has undergone validation or
            preliminary review. The reference sequence was derived from
            BP236699.1, AL832431.1, BU151184.1, BC013090.1 and BU620098.1.
            
            On Nov 23, 2018 this sequence version replaced NM_018841.5.
            
            Publication Note:  This RefSeq record includes a subset of the
            publications that are available for this gene. Please see the Gene
            record to access additional publications.
            
            ##Evidence-Data-START##
            Transcript exon combination :: DA682340.1, SRR1803617.140225.1
                                           [ECO:0000332]
            RNAseq introns              :: single sample supports all introns
                                           SAMEA2142586, SAMEA2144120
                                           [ECO:0000348]
            ##Evidence-Data-END##
            
            ##RefSeq-Attributes-START##
            MANE Ensembl match     :: ENST00000370982.4/ ENSP00000360021.3
            RefSeq Select criteria :: based on conservation, expression,
                                      longest protein
            ##RefSeq-Attributes-END##
            COMPLETENESS: full length.
PRIMARY     REFSEQ_SPAN         PRIMARY_IDENTIFIER PRIMARY_SPAN        COMP
            1-42                BP236699.1         6-47
            43-1393             AL832431.1         1-1351
            1394-1982           BU151184.1         191-779
            1983-3673           BC013090.1         476-2166
            3674-4395           BU620098.1         28-749              c
FEATURES             Location/Qualifiers
     source          1..4395
                     /organism="Homo sapiens"
                     /mol_type="mRNA"
                     /db_xref="taxon:9606"
                     /chromosome="1"
                     /map="1p31.3"
     gene            1..4395
                     /gene="GNG12"
                     /gene_synonym="HG3A"
                     /note="G protein subunit gamma 12"
                     /db_xref="GeneID:55970"
                     /db_xref="HGNC:HGNC:19663"
                     /db_xref="MIM:615405"
     exon            1..124
                     /gene="GNG12"
                     /gene_synonym="HG3A"
                     /inference="alignment:Splign:2.1.0"
     exon            125..174
                     /gene="GNG12"
                     /gene_synonym="HG3A"
                     /inference="alignment:Splign:2.1.0"
     exon            175..293
                     /gene="GNG12"
                     /gene_synonym="HG3A"
                     /inference="alignment:Splign:2.1.0"
     CDS             201..419
                     /gene="GNG12"
                     /gene_synonym="HG3A"
                     /note="G-protein gamma-12 subunit; guanine nucleotide
                     binding protein (G protein), gamma 12; heterotrimeric
                     guanine nucleotide-binding protein 3A"
                     /codon_start=1
                     /product="guanine nucleotide-binding protein
                     G(I)/G(S)/G(O) subunit gamma-12"
                     /protein_id="NP_061329.3"
                     /db_xref="CCDS:CCDS30749.1"
                     /db_xref="GeneID:55970"
                     /db_xref="HGNC:HGNC:19663"
                     /db_xref="MIM:615405"
                     /translation="MSSKTASTNNIAQARRTVQQLRLEASIERIKVSKASADLMSYCE
                     EHARSDPLLIGIPTSENPFKDKKTCIIL"
     exon            294..4395
                     /gene="GNG12"
                     /gene_synonym="HG3A"
                     /inference="alignment:Splign:2.1.0"
     regulatory      1127..1132
                     /regulatory_class="polyA_signal_sequence"
                     /gene="GNG12"
                     /gene_synonym="HG3A"
                     /note="hexamer: AATAAA"
     polyA_site      1147
                     /gene="GNG12"
                     /gene_synonym="HG3A"
     regulatory      4308..4313
                     /regulatory_class="polyA_signal_sequence"
                     /gene="GNG12"
                     /gene_synonym="HG3A"
                     /note="hexamer: ATTAAA"
     polyA_site      4332
                     /gene="GNG12"
                     /gene_synonym="HG3A"
                     /note="major polyA site"
     regulatory      4384..4389
                     /regulatory_class="polyA_signal_sequence"
                     /gene="GNG12"
                     /gene_synonym="HG3A"
                     /note="hexamer: AATAAA"
     polyA_site      4395
                     /gene="GNG12"
                     /gene_synonym="HG3A"
ORIGIN      
        1 agcgaggcgg agccggcgcc cggaggagca agaggaggag gaggaggaga ggtcggagcc
       61 gtctccagga gcccttagag accgagtccc ggcggcgacg gcggggcagc gcaccggcag
      121 gcggattcat tccacttaaa acctgaaaac attggaccac acaaagtctt actgatttca
      181 ggtaaaaaca ataattgaag atgtccagca aaacagcaag caccaacaat atagcccagg
      241 caaggagaac tgtgcagcag ttaagattag aagcctccat tgaaagaata aaggtttcga
      301 aggcatcagc ggacctcatg tcctactgtg aggaacatgc caggagtgac cctttgctga
      361 taggaatacc aacttcagaa aaccctttca aggataaaaa aacttgcatc atcttatagt
      421 ggaatagaga aacagctcct cgcctcttcc caacaacgca aattatgagc agctccttga
      481 agagatttac cttcagctta tttggtaacc actgctaata actaaaatgt tctcagcttg
      541 gaataatgga ctctgaagtc tctattttcc aagttgtcct ttctcttaaa atacccttta
      601 ctgatttaat acagaataac aatcttattt tccacttggt aactatggct ttatgttggg
      661 ttactgttta aggaaagttg atctgggcct ttttaaaaac ataattatat actttagaaa
      721 tacaagggat tccgatatgt caggacctaa atggcctaag cacctgtcaa attaaaattc
      781 caaaattcat tgaaatccta aagccttgat attatattct ttataaggcg tgtgccagcc
      841 tgtatagtat ataagagaga ggggtgtttg tgtgtatata tatatgcctt tgtgtataca
      901 cttatcaaag ctattttctt atgaaaacgt ccctctctcc ataccatcag tttctcagtt
      961 ccagaagtta tacctttatt ttgagctgtg tataggtaga ataaaaaatt cctttcatat
     1021 cgttattgta caaaaagtaa agagtatcct aaagattgta ttcattgtaa tcaagtaatg
     1081 caatcatctc tcctctcttg aaatcttgct ggacctctta ggctacaata aactgtacca
     1141 aactaaactg acagtccttc gataatatga aacattaatt tacaaggacc cgttagggct
     1201 tcaatgatgc tgagtctgga aaaggggagg agacccttgg gaggactcca ggcagctgtg
     1261 ctcccagggc tcatgttctc tactggatta gggataggca cctctgaaat ctccaccctg
     1321 atgattggaa tgaaacggag tgaacatgag cccagctgag agaggagcag gaatgtgtga
     1381 aaaacagctg ctctccttgt cccagctttg tgattgagcc ctctgtcttg ctctctctgc
     1441 cttccctgtg tctttcttct cttaccagag catctgtttg cagaggtaac attaccttcc
     1501 ccagccacag gtatgtggaa tacggtgagg aaaaaaaaaa ttaaaaaaaa aatgcaagct
     1561 gtcaggatgc ttaagctctt ttcagacatc tgcagtttca tccctacctt gttcacatac
     1621 catccaagag gcacataggc tacccaagag agccttggat tcagtggtac actccttggg
     1681 cccaagggct ttagcagctg gatatggggt tccttgattt tcctctgggc ccaaatatag
     1741 ccctcacact cttggaattt ccaggtatgg gggtagcccc aaaaggagga atctcctatg
     1801 gccaataagg tatcttgact ttatcaaagt agaagagagg gtcacttcgg agtcaaatca
     1861 tacactaggc ctttgatgct ttaattcttc ttcagttcat taaaagtaac tactaaggaa
     1921 aggttaaaaa cttcccctca aaaaggaatc aaccccagga agtaattatt tacaacgatt
     1981 ttcccaaatt ttgtacaatc tgtcctggaa agcaaacccc ttttaaaatc taatgtctgg
     2041 gctttgagta ttagctcatt tagggtggac aaatgcatta ctgttttcaa actgctcaca
     2101 tttattcagt atttctccaa gttgctatct actcagcctt atgaatgccc ctcgcttttc
     2161 taaggccatg tgaaaatcac ggcactgccc ttagccttgt gtcatctgct ttttcgttct
     2221 gcgatatgcc cagttcccaa atcaattata ggtacctgtt taggagagag gaagatttta
     2281 cctctcaaag ggtgagattt gaaatttaca ctaaaaagac aactttacat ttaatgcttc
     2341 acttaatgag acattctttt ttttataagt ctatttttct actcagtttc agaacactaa
     2401 tctgattttc actctgattt ttaacgtttc tttaaatatt tataatgtag cttctttcaa
     2461 aatattttca tgaaaaatta cttttattat accattatgt gcatgttatt ggtagcaggc
     2521 atagtttatt atttagtact gaaacatgct cttttaccta acagtaaaca agtatgtttt
     2581 gatatatatc tgttaatatg cttatagtgg taagaaatgg acttgaggtc ccaggagatt
     2641 tcattttatt caccctggtc agatacaata aaggctatga gtataaatac ataacttcct
     2701 aaccaggtgt agggcatgtt catgaatatc aaatcttttg atgctggacc caagagagga
     2761 aaagttgtag ctaaatgttg atttacttat aactagacgt ctatgtgaga aaatatatgt
     2821 atacatatat atgatatgca gaagtcactt tttttatcag gctttattct ccttacaaag
     2881 ccacagttta actgtctgca acagttggtt tatgttaatg atagacaaat acccagtgtt
     2941 tgttactttt tccaactacc actgtaatga taatctttct cacgtatata catgcaactt
     3001 cttggcttca tttccatgaa gctgtttcaa tatattcagt atactttgtc cttaatgctg
     3061 cttctgttaa cagtgatctc tttctttttt tcattcttat atcttcatta gttcatcata
     3121 aatctgtcca gttgaggcct caggaccacg gcatgatttc atgactccga agtattttac
     3181 agaaacattt tttaaataag ggaaatattt tatataccag atggttcaca agtgatggct
     3241 catagctagt tttttttttt cttctaaaaa atgtcaggtt tttaaaatca tttaccttat
     3301 taaaatgaaa agtgccatac ttaactttta aaggaaagac ctgacttgct ttttctctat
     3361 ttagactgtt tttgtacttt actaatcttt aaactatcag gaaaaaaacc aaaactttat
     3421 accaatgatt tagtaatttt gaggcatagg gtagcttacg tagtggagga tgtgccaaat
     3481 attctcttca aatgccacct tctcaattta taactaaaat agtgttatct gactaattcc
     3541 tctgaatttt gatgtaagat ctatataggc ccccaaaatg atcgtagtac atgccagtca
     3601 tttctcagtg aaataaatac aataccagag tacattatgg gttttattgc tttcttttat
     3661 ggtagacctg ttaatgggga aaaaatacat caaatcaaat agaatcttat atctgtatgt
     3721 taaaatagag cacttacctg aagtcagtgg cctggatcat agccctggat catttcccag
     3781 tctgtcctgt gctgtgtgac cttggacaag gcgcttcatc tctctgggcc tctatttctc
     3841 catttgtaaa acaagtggct gcagtagatg atggctgaga gcccttcctg ttcccagatg
     3901 ccttggtcca aagaccccac ccctctgctg gtcctgccaa cgtgttggtg ctataagctg
     3961 cttcagatat aaaattggtt tatctataat gtttgttcat ttaatagctt ctaaaaggcc
     4021 tttttgttat acagtgcttt ttttctagtt ttatggactt ggttactgta ataatgtctt
     4081 gtttttagcc atgtaactac aaacagatat tctcttgatg tcttagtaaa tttgcatttg
     4141 atatatcatt gatgagattt tgttgttatg taatattctt tggctacgca tctgtccagc
     4201 atcttattaa ccataatact gtgatcatta tttggaaata tgtcctatgg aaagaataaa
     4261 agcatgtact tcacagctag catgttcaca gatttgaaag aagtttcatt aaaagcacca
     4321 ttgctttctg tactgcgtca gtgcctcatt gtatcatcct acttgtgttt tgctcaataa
     4381 atgaataaaa gacca
//
