LOCUS       NM_015895               1263 bp    mRNA    linear   PRI 04-APR-2024
DEFINITION  Homo sapiens geminin DNA replication inhibitor (GMNN), transcript
            variant 1, mRNA.
ACCESSION   NM_015895
VERSION     NM_015895.5
KEYWORDS    RefSeq; MANE Select.
SOURCE      Homo sapiens (human)
  ORGANISM  Homo sapiens
            Eukaryota; Metazoa; Chordata; Craniata; Vertebrata; Euteleostomi;
            Mammalia; Eutheria; Euarchontoglires; Primates; Haplorrhini;
            Catarrhini; Hominidae; Homo.
REFERENCE   1  (bases 1 to 1263)
  AUTHORS   Kim,K., Kim,S.H., Lee,J.Y., Kim,Y.N., Lee,S.T. and Park,E.
  TITLE     RAD51/geminin/gammaH2AX immunohistochemical expression predicts
            platinum-based chemotherapy response in ovarian high-grade serous
            carcinoma
  JOURNAL   J Gynecol Oncol 34 (4), e45 (2023)
   PUBMED   36807748
  REMARK    GeneRIF: RAD51/geminin/gammaH2AX immunohistochemical expression
            predicts platinum-based chemotherapy response in ovarian high-grade
            serous carcinoma.
REFERENCE   2  (bases 1 to 1263)
  AUTHORS   Pasmatzi,E., Monastirli,A., Lygerou,Z., Taraviras,S., Kakkos,S.,
            Stamatiou,G. and Tsambaos,D.
  TITLE     Alterations in the spatiotemporal expression pattern of geminin
            during human epidermal morphogenesis
  JOURNAL   Acta Dermatovenerol Alp Pannonica Adriat 32 (1), 1-5 (2023)
   PUBMED   36945759
  REMARK    GeneRIF: Alterations in the spatiotemporal expression pattern of
            geminin during human epidermal morphogenesis.
REFERENCE   3  (bases 1 to 1263)
  AUTHORS   Zhao,X., Zhang,X., Shao,S., Yang,Q., Shen,C., Yang,X., Jiao,W.,
            Liu,J. and Wang,Y.
  TITLE     High expression of GMNN predicts malignant progression and poor
            prognosis in ACC
  JOURNAL   Eur J Med Res 27 (1), 301 (2022)
   PUBMED   36539849
  REMARK    GeneRIF: High expression of GMNN predicts malignant progression and
            poor prognosis in ACC.
            Publication Status: Online-Only
REFERENCE   4  (bases 1 to 1263)
  AUTHORS   Zheng,Z., Yang,X., Yao,X. and Li,L.
  TITLE     Prognostic value of HPV 16/18 genotyping and geminin mRNA
            quantification in low-grade cervical squamous intraepithelial
            lesion
  JOURNAL   Bioengineered 12 (2), 11482-11489 (2021)
   PUBMED   34874226
  REMARK    GeneRIF: Prognostic value of HPV 16/18 genotyping and geminin mRNA
            quantification in low-grade cervical squamous intraepithelial
            lesion.
REFERENCE   5  (bases 1 to 1263)
  AUTHORS   Montanari,M., Boninsegna,A., Faraglia,B., Coco,C., Giordano,A.,
            Cittadini,A. and Sgambato,A.
  TITLE     Increased expression of geminin stimulates the growth of mammary
            epithelial cells and is a frequent event in human tumors
  JOURNAL   J Cell Physiol 202 (1), 215-222 (2005)
   PUBMED   15389519
  REMARK    GeneRIF: expression of geminin is frequently deregulated in tumor
            cells and might play an important role in the regulation of cell
            growth in both normal and malignant cells.
REFERENCE   6  (bases 1 to 1263)
  AUTHORS   Biswas,N., Sanchez,V. and Spector,D.H.
  TITLE     Human cytomegalovirus infection leads to accumulation of geminin
            and inhibition of the licensing of cellular DNA replication
  JOURNAL   J Virol 77 (4), 2369-2376 (2003)
   PUBMED   12551974
  REMARK    GeneRIF: elevated levels in human cytomegalovirus infected
            fibroblasts
REFERENCE   7  (bases 1 to 1263)
  AUTHORS   Bermejo,R., Vilaboa,N. and Cales,C.
  TITLE     Regulation of CDC6, geminin, and CDT1 in human cells that undergo
            polyploidization
  JOURNAL   Mol Biol Cell 13 (11), 3989-4000 (2002)
   PUBMED   12429841
  REMARK    GeneRIF: Results show that geminin, cdt1 and cdc6 are
            differentially regulated during megakaryocytic differentiation and
            suggest an active role of cdc6 in endomitosis.
REFERENCE   8  (bases 1 to 1263)
  AUTHORS   Wohlschlegel,J.A., Dwyer,B.T., Dhar,S.K., Cvetic,C., Walter,J.C.
            and Dutta,A.
  TITLE     Inhibition of eukaryotic DNA replication by geminin binding to Cdt1
  JOURNAL   Science 290 (5500), 2309-2312 (2000)
   PUBMED   11125146
REFERENCE   9  (bases 1 to 1263)
  AUTHORS   Kroll,K.L., Salic,A.N., Evans,L.M. and Kirschner,M.W.
  TITLE     Geminin, a neuralizing molecule that demarcates the future neural
            plate at the onset of gastrulation
  JOURNAL   Development 125 (16), 3247-3258 (1998)
   PUBMED   9671596
REFERENCE   10 (bases 1 to 1263)
  AUTHORS   McGarry,T.J. and Kirschner,M.W.
  TITLE     Geminin, an inhibitor of DNA replication, is degraded during
            mitosis
  JOURNAL   Cell 93 (6), 1043-1053 (1998)
   PUBMED   9635433
COMMENT     REVIEWED REFSEQ: This record has been curated by NCBI staff. The
            reference sequence was derived from AK021685.1, BC005389.1 and
            AF067855.1.
            This sequence is a reference standard in the RefSeqGene project.
            
            On Nov 22, 2018 this sequence version replaced NM_015895.4.
            
            Summary: This gene encodes a protein that plays a critical role in
            cell cycle regulation. The encoded protein inhibits DNA replication
            by binding to DNA replication factor Cdt1, preventing the
            incorporation of minichromosome maintenance proteins into the
            pre-replication complex. The encoded protein is expressed during
            the S and G2 phases of the cell cycle and is degraded by the
            anaphase-promoting complex during the metaphase-anaphase
            transition. Increased expression of this gene may play a role in
            several malignancies including colon, rectal and breast cancer.
            Alternatively spliced transcript variants have been observed for
            this gene, and two pseudogenes of this gene are located on the
            short arm of chromosome 16. [provided by RefSeq, Oct 2011].
            
            Transcript Variant: This variant (1) represents the longest
            transcript. Variants 1, 2, 3 and 4 encode the same protein.
            
            Publication Note:  This RefSeq record includes a subset of the
            publications that are available for this gene. Please see the Gene
            record to access additional publications.
            
            ##Evidence-Data-START##
            Transcript exon combination :: SRR5189661.117326.1,
                                           SRR5189667.238905.1 [ECO:0000332]
            RNAseq introns              :: single sample supports all introns
                                           SAMEA1965299, SAMEA1966682
                                           [ECO:0000348]
            ##Evidence-Data-END##
            
            ##RefSeq-Attributes-START##
            MANE Ensembl match     :: ENST00000230056.8/ ENSP00000230056.3
            RefSeq Select criteria :: based on conservation, expression,
                                      longest protein
            ##RefSeq-Attributes-END##
            COMPLETENESS: full length.
PRIMARY     REFSEQ_SPAN         PRIMARY_IDENTIFIER PRIMARY_SPAN        COMP
            1-19                AK021685.1         7-25
            20-1210             BC005389.1         1-1191
            1211-1263           AF067855.1         903-955
FEATURES             Location/Qualifiers
     source          1..1263
                     /organism="Homo sapiens"
                     /mol_type="mRNA"
                     /db_xref="taxon:9606"
                     /chromosome="6"
                     /map="6p22.3"
     gene            1..1263
                     /gene="GMNN"
                     /gene_synonym="Gem; MGORS6"
                     /note="geminin DNA replication inhibitor"
                     /db_xref="GeneID:51053"
                     /db_xref="HGNC:HGNC:17493"
                     /db_xref="MIM:602842"
     exon            1..308
                     /gene="GMNN"
                     /gene_synonym="Gem; MGORS6"
                     /inference="alignment:Splign:2.1.0"
     exon            309..384
                     /gene="GMNN"
                     /gene_synonym="Gem; MGORS6"
                     /inference="alignment:Splign:2.1.0"
     CDS             334..963
                     /gene="GMNN"
                     /gene_synonym="Gem; MGORS6"
                     /codon_start=1
                     /product="geminin"
                     /protein_id="NP_056979.1"
                     /db_xref="CCDS:CCDS4560.1"
                     /db_xref="GeneID:51053"
                     /db_xref="HGNC:HGNC:17493"
                     /db_xref="MIM:602842"
                     /translation="MNPSMKQKQEEIKENIKNSSVPRRTLKMIQPSASGSLVGRENEL
                     SAGLSKRKHRNDHLTSTTSSPGVIVPESSENKNLGGVTQESFDLMIKENPSSQYWKEV
                     AEKRRKALYEALKENEKLHKEIEQKDNEIARLKKENKELAEVAEHVQYMAELIERLNG
                     EPLDNFESLDNQEFDSEEETVEDSLVEDSEIGTCAEGTVSSSTDAKPCI"
     exon            385..462
                     /gene="GMNN"
                     /gene_synonym="Gem; MGORS6"
                     /inference="alignment:Splign:2.1.0"
     exon            463..607
                     /gene="GMNN"
                     /gene_synonym="Gem; MGORS6"
                     /inference="alignment:Splign:2.1.0"
     exon            608..690
                     /gene="GMNN"
                     /gene_synonym="Gem; MGORS6"
                     /inference="alignment:Splign:2.1.0"
     exon            691..801
                     /gene="GMNN"
                     /gene_synonym="Gem; MGORS6"
                     /inference="alignment:Splign:2.1.0"
     exon            802..1263
                     /gene="GMNN"
                     /gene_synonym="Gem; MGORS6"
                     /inference="alignment:Splign:2.1.0"
     regulatory      1191..1196
                     /regulatory_class="polyA_signal_sequence"
                     /gene="GMNN"
                     /gene_synonym="Gem; MGORS6"
                     /note="hexamer: AATAAA"
     polyA_site      1214
                     /gene="GMNN"
                     /gene_synonym="Gem; MGORS6"
                     /note="major polyA site"
     regulatory      1235..1240
                     /regulatory_class="polyA_signal_sequence"
                     /gene="GMNN"
                     /gene_synonym="Gem; MGORS6"
                     /note="hexamer: AATGAA"
     regulatory      1240..1245
                     /regulatory_class="polyA_signal_sequence"
                     /gene="GMNN"
                     /gene_synonym="Gem; MGORS6"
                     /note="hexamer: AATATA"
     polyA_site      1258
                     /gene="GMNN"
                     /gene_synonym="Gem; MGORS6"
     polyA_site      1263
                     /gene="GMNN"
                     /gene_synonym="Gem; MGORS6"
ORIGIN      
        1 gtcagttggt cacgtggttg ttcggagcgg gcgagcggag ttagcagggc tttactgcag
       61 agcgcgccgg gcactccagc gaccgtgggg atcagcgtag gtgagctgtg gccttttgcg
      121 aggtgctgca gccatagcta cgtgcgttcg ctacgaggat tgagcgtctc cacccagtaa
      181 gtgggcaaga ggcggcagga agtgggtacg caggggcgca aggcgcacag cctctagacg
      241 actcgctttc cctccggcca acctctgaag ccgcgtccta ctttgacagc tgcagggccg
      301 cggcctggtc ttctgtgctt caccatctac ataatgaatc ccagtatgaa gcagaaacaa
      361 gaagaaatca aagagaatat aaagaatagt tctgtcccaa gaagaactct gaagatgatt
      421 cagccttctg catctggatc tcttgttgga agagaaaatg agctgtccgc aggcttgtcc
      481 aaaaggaaac atcggaatga ccacttaaca tctacaactt ccagccctgg ggttattgtc
      541 ccagaatcta gtgaaaataa aaatcttgga ggagtcaccc aggagtcatt tgatcttatg
      601 attaaagaaa atccatcctc tcagtattgg aaggaagtgg cagaaaaacg gagaaaggcg
      661 ctgtatgaag cacttaagga aaatgagaaa cttcataaag aaattgaaca aaaggacaat
      721 gaaattgccc gcctgaaaaa ggagaataaa gaactggcag aagtagcaga acatgtacag
      781 tatatggcag agctaataga gagactgaat ggtgaacctc tggataattt tgaatcactg
      841 gataatcagg aatttgattc tgaagaagaa actgttgagg attctctagt ggaagactca
      901 gaaattggca cgtgtgctga aggaactgta tcttcctcta cggatgcaaa gccatgtata
      961 tgaaatgcat taatatttga ctgttgagaa ttttactgcc gaagtttacc tccactagtt
     1021 ctttgtagca gagtacataa ctacataatg ccaactctgg aatcaaattt ccttgtttga
     1081 atcctgggac cctattgcat taaagtacaa atactatgta tttttaatct atgatggttt
     1141 atgtgaatag gattttctca gttgtcagcc atgacttatg tttattacta aataaacttc
     1201 aaactcctgt tgaacattgt gtataactta gaataatgaa atataaggag tatgtgtaga
     1261 aaa
//
