LOCUS       NM_013267               2387 bp    mRNA    linear   PRI 20-SEP-2024
DEFINITION  Homo sapiens glutaminase 2 (GLS2), transcript variant 1, mRNA;
            nuclear gene for mitochondrial product.
ACCESSION   NM_013267
VERSION     NM_013267.4
KEYWORDS    RefSeq; MANE Select.
SOURCE      Homo sapiens (human)
  ORGANISM  Homo sapiens
            Eukaryota; Metazoa; Chordata; Craniata; Vertebrata; Euteleostomi;
            Mammalia; Eutheria; Euarchontoglires; Primates; Haplorrhini;
            Catarrhini; Hominidae; Homo.
REFERENCE   1  (bases 1 to 2387)
  AUTHORS   Suzuki,S., Venkatesh,D., Kanda,H., Nakayama,A., Hosokawa,H.,
            Lee,E., Miki,T., Stockwell,B.R., Yokote,K., Tanaka,T. and Prives,C.
  TITLE     GLS2 Is a Tumor Suppressor and a Regulator of Ferroptosis in
            Hepatocellular Carcinoma
  JOURNAL   Cancer Res 82 (18), 3209-3222 (2022)
   PUBMED   35895807
  REMARK    GeneRIF: GLS2 Is a Tumor Suppressor and a Regulator of Ferroptosis
            in Hepatocellular Carcinoma.
REFERENCE   2  (bases 1 to 2387)
  AUTHORS   Morgenstern,M., Peikert,C.D., Lubbert,P., Suppanz,I., Klemm,C.,
            Alka,O., Steiert,C., Naumenko,N., Schendzielorz,A., Melchionda,L.,
            Muhlhauser,W.W.D., Knapp,B., Busch,J.D., Stiller,S.B.,
            Dannenmaier,S., Lindau,C., Licheva,M., Eickhorst,C., Galbusera,R.,
            Zerbes,R.M., Ryan,M.T., Kraft,C., Kozjak-Pavlovic,V., Drepper,F.,
            Dennerlein,S., Oeljeklaus,S., Pfanner,N., Wiedemann,N. and
            Warscheid,B.
  TITLE     Quantitative high-confidence human mitochondrial proteome and its
            dynamics in cellular context
  JOURNAL   Cell Metab 33 (12), 2464-2483 (2021)
   PUBMED   34800366
REFERENCE   3  (bases 1 to 2387)
  AUTHORS   Ferreira,I.M., Quesnay,J.E.N., Bastos,A.C., Rodrigues,C.T.,
            Vollmar,M., Krojer,T., Strain-Damerell,C., Burgess-Brown,N.A., von
            Delft,F., Yue,W.W., Dias,S.M. and Ambrosio,A.L.
  TITLE     Structure and activation mechanism of the human liver-type
            glutaminase GLS2
  JOURNAL   Biochimie 185, 96-104 (2021)
   PUBMED   33746066
  REMARK    GeneRIF: Structure and activation mechanism of the human liver-type
            glutaminase GLS2.
REFERENCE   4  (bases 1 to 2387)
  AUTHORS   Huttlin,E.L., Bruckner,R.J., Navarrete-Perea,J., Cannon,J.R.,
            Baltier,K., Gebreab,F., Gygi,M.P., Thornock,A., Zarraga,G., Tam,S.,
            Szpyt,J., Gassaway,B.M., Panov,A., Parzen,H., Fu,S., Golbazi,A.,
            Maenpaa,E., Stricker,K., Guha Thakurta,S., Zhang,T., Rad,R.,
            Pan,J., Nusinow,D.P., Paulo,J.A., Schweppe,D.K., Vaites,L.P.,
            Harper,J.W. and Gygi,S.P.
  TITLE     Dual proteome-scale networks reveal cell-specific remodeling of the
            human interactome
  JOURNAL   Cell 184 (11), 3022-3040 (2021)
   PUBMED   33961781
REFERENCE   5  (bases 1 to 2387)
  AUTHORS   de Los Santos-Jimenez,J., Campos-Sandoval,J.A., Marquez-Torres,C.,
            Urbano-Polo,N., Brondegaard,D., Martin-Rufian,M., Lobo,C.,
            Penalver,A., Gomez-Garcia,M.C., Martin-Campos,J., Cardona,C.,
            Castilla,L., da Costa Souza,F., Cheng,T., Segura,J.A., Alonso,F.J.,
            Curi,R., Colquhoun,A., DeBerardinis,R.J., Marquez,J. and Mates,J.M.
  TITLE     Glutaminase isoforms expression switches microRNA levels and
            oxidative status in glioblastoma cells
  JOURNAL   J Biomed Sci 28 (1), 14 (2021)
   PUBMED   33610185
  REMARK    GeneRIF: Glutaminase isoforms expression switches microRNA levels
            and oxidative status in glioblastoma cells.
            Publication Status: Online-Only
REFERENCE   6  (bases 1 to 2387)
  AUTHORS   Hu,W., Zhang,C., Wu,R., Sun,Y., Levine,A. and Feng,Z.
  TITLE     Glutaminase 2, a novel p53 target gene regulating energy metabolism
            and antioxidant function
  JOURNAL   Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 107 (16), 7455-7460 (2010)
   PUBMED   20378837
  REMARK    GeneRIF: as a unique p53 target gene, GLS2 is a mediator of p53's
            role in energy metabolism and antioxidant defense, which can
            contribute to its role in tumor suppression
REFERENCE   7  (bases 1 to 2387)
  AUTHORS   Olalla,L., Gutierrez,A., Campos,J.A., Khan,Z.U., Alonso,F.J.,
            Segura,J.A., Marquez,J. and Aledo,J.C.
  TITLE     Nuclear localization of L-type glutaminase in mammalian brain
  JOURNAL   J Biol Chem 277 (41), 38939-38944 (2002)
   PUBMED   12163477
  REMARK    GeneRIF: results show L-type glutaminase is expressed in the brain
            with a nuclear localization and that this nuclear enzyme is
            catalytically active and displays kinetic properties different from
            both liver and kidney glutaminases
REFERENCE   8  (bases 1 to 2387)
  AUTHORS   Olalla,L., Aledo,J.C., Bannenberg,G. and Marquez,J.
  TITLE     The C-terminus of human glutaminase L mediates association with PDZ
            domain-containing proteins
  JOURNAL   FEBS Lett 488 (3), 116-122 (2001)
   PUBMED   11163757
  REMARK    Erratum:[FEBS Lett 2002 Nov 20;531(3):570]
REFERENCE   9  (bases 1 to 2387)
  AUTHORS   Aledo,J.C., Gomez-Fabre,P.M., Olalla,L. and Marquez,J.
  TITLE     Identification of two human glutaminase loci and tissue-specific
            expression of the two related genes
  JOURNAL   Mamm Genome 11 (12), 1107-1110 (2000)
   PUBMED   11130979
REFERENCE   10 (bases 1 to 2387)
  AUTHORS   Gomez-Fabre,P.M., Aledo,J.C., Del Castillo-Olivares,A.,
            Alonso,F.J., Nunez De Castro,I., Campos,J.A. and Marquez,J.
  TITLE     Molecular cloning, sequencing and expression studies of the human
            breast cancer cell glutaminase
  JOURNAL   Biochem J 345 Pt 2 (Pt 2), 365-375 (2000)
   PUBMED   10620514
COMMENT     REVIEWED REFSEQ: This record has been curated by NCBI staff. The
            reference sequence was derived from AF223944.1 and AF110331.1.
            
            On Nov 23, 2018 this sequence version replaced NM_013267.3.
            
            Summary: The protein encoded by this gene is a mitochondrial
            phosphate-activated glutaminase that catalyzes the hydrolysis of
            glutamine to stoichiometric amounts of glutamate and ammonia.
            Originally thought to be liver-specific, this protein has been
            found in other tissues as well. Alternative splicing results in
            multiple transcript variants that encode different isoforms.
            [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2013].
            
            Transcript Variant: This variant (1) encodes the longest isoform
            (1).
            
            Publication Note:  This RefSeq record includes a subset of the
            publications that are available for this gene. Please see the Gene
            record to access additional publications.
            
            ##Evidence-Data-START##
            Transcript exon combination :: AK000467.1, AF223944.1 [ECO:0000332]
            RNAseq introns              :: mixed sample support SAMEA1965299,
                                           SAMEA1966682 [ECO:0006172]
            ##Evidence-Data-END##
            
            ##RefSeq-Attributes-START##
            gene product(s) localized to mito. :: reported by MitoCarta
            MANE Ensembl match                 :: ENST00000311966.9/
                                                  ENSP00000310447.4
            RefSeq Select criteria             :: based on conservation,
                                                  expression, longest protein
            ##RefSeq-Attributes-END##
            COMPLETENESS: full length.
PRIMARY     REFSEQ_SPAN         PRIMARY_IDENTIFIER PRIMARY_SPAN        COMP
            1-1721              AF223944.1         181-1901
            1722-2387           AF110331.1         662-1327
FEATURES             Location/Qualifiers
     source          1..2387
                     /organism="Homo sapiens"
                     /mol_type="mRNA"
                     /db_xref="taxon:9606"
                     /chromosome="12"
                     /map="12q13.3"
     gene            1..2387
                     /gene="GLS2"
                     /gene_synonym="GA; GLS; hLGA; LGA"
                     /note="glutaminase 2"
                     /db_xref="GeneID:27165"
                     /db_xref="HGNC:HGNC:29570"
                     /db_xref="MIM:606365"
     exon            1..225
                     /gene="GLS2"
                     /gene_synonym="GA; GLS; hLGA; LGA"
                     /inference="alignment:Splign:2.1.0"
     CDS             44..1852
                     /gene="GLS2"
                     /gene_synonym="GA; GLS; hLGA; LGA"
                     /EC_number="3.5.1.2"
                     /note="isoform 1 precursor is encoded by transcript
                     variant 1; breast cell glutaminase; L-glutamine
                     amidohydrolase; phosphate-activated glutaminase;
                     phosphate-dependent glutaminase; glutaminase I;
                     glutaminase 2 (liver, mitochondrial)"
                     /codon_start=1
                     /product="glutaminase liver isoform, mitochondrial isoform
                     1 precursor"
                     /protein_id="NP_037399.2"
                     /db_xref="CCDS:CCDS8921.1"
                     /db_xref="GeneID:27165"
                     /db_xref="HGNC:HGNC:29570"
                     /db_xref="MIM:606365"
                     /translation="MRSMKALQKALSRAGSHCGRGGWGHPSRSPLLGGGVRHHLSEAA
                     AQGRETPHSHQPQHQDHDSSESGMLSRLGDLLFYTIAEGQERIPIHKFTTALKATGLQ
                     TSDPRLRDCMSEMHRVVQESSSGGLLDRDLFRKCVSSNIVLLTQAFRKKFVIPDFEEF
                     TGHVDRIFEDVKELTGGKVAAYIPQLAKSNPDLWGVSLCTVDGQRHSVGHTKIPFCLQ
                     SCVKPLTYAISISTLGTDYVHKFVGKEPSGLRYNKLSLNEEGIPHNPMVNAGAIVVSS
                     LIKMDCNKAEKFDFVLQYLNKMAGNEYMGFSNATFQSEKETGDRNYAIGYYLKEKKCF
                     PKGVDMMAALDLYFQLCSVEVTCESGSVMAATLANGGICPITGESVLSAEAVRNTLSL
                     MHSCGMYDFSGQFAFHVGLPAKSAVSGAILLVVPNVMGMMCLSPPLDKLGNSHRGTSF
                     CQKLVSLFNFHNYDNLRHCARKLDPRREGAEIRNKTVVNLLFAAYSGDVSALRRFALS
                     AMDMEQKDYDSRTALHVAAAEGHIEVVKFLIEACKVNPFAKDRWGNIPLDDAVQFNHL
                     EVVKLLQDYQDSYTLSETQAEAAAEALSKENLESMV"
     exon            226..325
                     /gene="GLS2"
                     /gene_synonym="GA; GLS; hLGA; LGA"
                     /inference="alignment:Splign:2.1.0"
     exon            326..447
                     /gene="GLS2"
                     /gene_synonym="GA; GLS; hLGA; LGA"
                     /inference="alignment:Splign:2.1.0"
     exon            448..577
                     /gene="GLS2"
                     /gene_synonym="GA; GLS; hLGA; LGA"
                     /inference="alignment:Splign:2.1.0"
     exon            578..657
                     /gene="GLS2"
                     /gene_synonym="GA; GLS; hLGA; LGA"
                     /inference="alignment:Splign:2.1.0"
     exon            658..821
                     /gene="GLS2"
                     /gene_synonym="GA; GLS; hLGA; LGA"
                     /inference="alignment:Splign:2.1.0"
     exon            822..880
                     /gene="GLS2"
                     /gene_synonym="GA; GLS; hLGA; LGA"
                     /inference="alignment:Splign:2.1.0"
     exon            881..913
                     /gene="GLS2"
                     /gene_synonym="GA; GLS; hLGA; LGA"
                     /inference="alignment:Splign:2.1.0"
     exon            914..972
                     /gene="GLS2"
                     /gene_synonym="GA; GLS; hLGA; LGA"
                     /inference="alignment:Splign:2.1.0"
     exon            973..1039
                     /gene="GLS2"
                     /gene_synonym="GA; GLS; hLGA; LGA"
                     /inference="alignment:Splign:2.1.0"
     exon            1040..1090
                     /gene="GLS2"
                     /gene_synonym="GA; GLS; hLGA; LGA"
                     /inference="alignment:Splign:2.1.0"
     exon            1091..1267
                     /gene="GLS2"
                     /gene_synonym="GA; GLS; hLGA; LGA"
                     /inference="alignment:Splign:2.1.0"
     exon            1268..1399
                     /gene="GLS2"
                     /gene_synonym="GA; GLS; hLGA; LGA"
                     /inference="alignment:Splign:2.1.0"
     exon            1400..1492
                     /gene="GLS2"
                     /gene_synonym="GA; GLS; hLGA; LGA"
                     /inference="alignment:Splign:2.1.0"
     exon            1493..1554
                     /gene="GLS2"
                     /gene_synonym="GA; GLS; hLGA; LGA"
                     /inference="alignment:Splign:2.1.0"
     exon            1555..1631
                     /gene="GLS2"
                     /gene_synonym="GA; GLS; hLGA; LGA"
                     /inference="alignment:Splign:2.1.0"
     exon            1632..1695
                     /gene="GLS2"
                     /gene_synonym="GA; GLS; hLGA; LGA"
                     /inference="alignment:Splign:2.1.0"
     exon            1696..2387
                     /gene="GLS2"
                     /gene_synonym="GA; GLS; hLGA; LGA"
                     /inference="alignment:Splign:2.1.0"
     regulatory      2365..2370
                     /regulatory_class="polyA_signal_sequence"
                     /gene="GLS2"
                     /gene_synonym="GA; GLS; hLGA; LGA"
                     /note="hexamer: AATAAA"
     polyA_site      2387
                     /gene="GLS2"
                     /gene_synonym="GA; GLS; hLGA; LGA"
                     /note="major polyA site"
ORIGIN      
        1 agaggtcccg ggcgcacctg cagagccgga ggcttgctgg ggcatgcgct ccatgaaggc
       61 tctgcagaag gccctgagcc gggctggcag tcactgcggg cgaggaggct ggggtcaccc
      121 gagccggagc cccctccttg gcgggggcgt ccggcaccac ctcagtgagg ccgcggcgca
      181 gggcagagag acgccacaca gccaccagcc gcagcaccag gatcatgatt catcagaaag
      241 tggcatgctg tcccgcctgg gtgatttgct cttttacact attgctgaag gacaggaacg
      301 aatccctatc cacaagttca ccactgcact aaaggccact ggactgcaga catcagatcc
      361 tcggctccga gactgcatga gcgagatgca ccgcgtggtc caagagtcca gtagtggtgg
      421 cctcttggac cgagatctct tccgaaagtg tgtgagcagc aacattgtgc tcctgaccca
      481 ggcattccga aagaagtttg tcattcctga ttttgaggag ttcacgggcc atgtggatcg
      541 catctttgag gatgtcaaag agctcactgg aggcaaagtg gcagcctaca tccctcagct
      601 ggccaagtca aacccagacc tgtggggtgt ctccctgtgc actgtggatg gtcaacggca
      661 ctctgtgggc cacacaaaga tccccttctg cctgcagtcc tgtgtgaagc ccctcaccta
      721 tgccatctcc ataagcaccc taggcactga ctacgtgcac aagtttgtgg gcaaagagcc
      781 aagtggcctg cgctacaaca agctctccct caatgaggaa ggaatccccc ataaccccat
      841 ggtcaatgct ggtgccattg ttgtcagctc cctgatcaag atggactgta acaaagcaga
      901 gaagtttgat tttgtgttgc agtatctcaa caaaatggct gggaatgaat acatgggttt
      961 cagcaatgcc acattccagt cagagaagga aacaggggat cggaattatg ccatcggcta
     1021 ttatctcaag gaaaagaagt gctttcctaa gggggtggac atgatggctg cccttgatct
     1081 ctacttccag ctgtgttctg tggaggtcac ttgtgaatca ggcagtgtca tggcagccac
     1141 cctcgccaac ggtgggatct gccccatcac aggcgagagt gtgctgagtg ctgaagcagt
     1201 gcgcaacacc ctcagcctca tgcattcctg cggcatgtat gacttctctg gccagtttgc
     1261 cttccacgtg ggcctgccag ccaagtcagc tgtatcagga gccatcctcc tggtggtacc
     1321 caatgtcatg ggaatgatgt gcctgtcacc cccattggac aagctgggga acagccatag
     1381 ggggaccagc ttctgccaga agttggtgtc tctcttcaat ttccacaact atgacaacct
     1441 gaggcactgt gctcggaagt tagacccacg gcgtgaaggg gcagaaattc ggaacaagac
     1501 tgtggtcaac ctgttatttg ctgcctatag tggcgatgtc tcagctcttc gaaggtttgc
     1561 cttgtcagcc atggatatgg aacagaaaga ctatgactcg cgcacagctc tgcatgttgc
     1621 tgcagctgaa ggacacatcg aagttgttaa attcctgatc gaggcttgca aagtgaatcc
     1681 ttttgccaag gacaggtggg gcaacattcc cctggatgat gctgtgcagt tcaaccatct
     1741 ggaggtggtc aaactgcttc aagattacca ggactcctac acactctctg aaactcaggc
     1801 tgaggcagca gctgaggccc tgtccaaaga gaacttagaa agcatggtat gagcacaggt
     1861 catggacagc ccctgctcaa gaaaaagcat gagctggcca cacatgtaat ccataaccac
     1921 caaaaatact atggagagct acactgcttc agtggggacc aagcagtcat ttggtgactt
     1981 aggctagtgc tttctatggg agtcaaaata ccccattccc tcagcagaca gagtacagag
     2041 aagggcctca gaggacacct gcagtacagc tatccagaga gactgggctt caaggtacag
     2101 cctaatggct tgccccactc aaaaccatcc cagctcttca cccaggtctc ctcttcctct
     2161 ccctgaagaa accatcatga gagagatact ctggtggagg gactctagct accatgcaca
     2221 tgtacatatc cacagaatat gggaagtggg aatggctata tacatggctt tagtagtctg
     2281 gagaaatcta ctccccttgg ccaggacatg ctgctgctac tgctaacagc caattttata
     2341 gacagagaaa gtattttgtg ttcaaataaa ctttaattac caaatca
//
