LOCUS       NM_000170               3843 bp    mRNA    linear   PRI 12-OCT-2024
DEFINITION  Homo sapiens glycine decarboxylase (GLDC), mRNA; nuclear gene for
            mitochondrial product.
ACCESSION   NM_000170
VERSION     NM_000170.3
KEYWORDS    RefSeq; MANE Select.
SOURCE      Homo sapiens (human)
  ORGANISM  Homo sapiens
            Eukaryota; Metazoa; Chordata; Craniata; Vertebrata; Euteleostomi;
            Mammalia; Eutheria; Euarchontoglires; Primates; Haplorrhini;
            Catarrhini; Hominidae; Homo.
REFERENCE   1  (bases 1 to 3843)
  AUTHORS   Yu,H., Hu,X., Zhang,Y., Wang,J., Ni,Z., Wang,Y. and Zhu,H.
  TITLE     GLDC promotes colorectal cancer metastasis through
            epithelial-mesenchymal transition mediated by Hippo signaling
            pathway
  JOURNAL   Med Oncol 40 (10), 293 (2023)
   PUBMED   37668829
  REMARK    GeneRIF: GLDC promotes colorectal cancer metastasis through
            epithelial-mesenchymal transition mediated by Hippo signaling
            pathway.
            Publication Status: Online-Only
REFERENCE   2  (bases 1 to 3843)
  AUTHORS   Chen,M.K., Xiao,Z.Y., Huang,Z.P., Xue,K.Y., Xia,H., Zhou,J.W.,
            Liao,D.Y., Liang,Z.J., Xie,X., Wei,Q.Z., Zhong,L., Yang,J.K.,
            Liu,C.D., Liu,Y. and Zhao,S.C.
  TITLE     Glycine Decarboxylase (GLDC) Plays a Crucial Role in Regulating
            Energy Metabolism, Invasion, Metastasis and Immune Escape for
            Prostate Cancer
  JOURNAL   Int J Biol Sci 19 (15), 4726-4743 (2023)
   PUBMED   37781511
  REMARK    GeneRIF: Glycine Decarboxylase (GLDC) Plays a Crucial Role in
            Regulating Energy Metabolism, Invasion, Metastasis and Immune
            Escape for Prostate Cancer.
            Publication Status: Online-Only
REFERENCE   3  (bases 1 to 3843)
  AUTHORS   Krupenko,S.A., Cole,S.A., Hou,R., Haack,K., Laston,S., Mehta,N.R.,
            Comuzzie,A.G., Butte,N.F. and Voruganti,V.S.
  TITLE     Genetic variants in ALDH1L1 and GLDC influence the
            serine-to-glycine ratio in Hispanic children
  JOURNAL   Am J Clin Nutr 116 (2), 500-510 (2022)
   PUBMED   35460232
  REMARK    GeneRIF: Genetic variants in ALDH1L1 and GLDC influence the
            serine-to-glycine ratio in Hispanic children.
REFERENCE   4  (bases 1 to 3843)
  AUTHORS   Morgenstern,M., Peikert,C.D., Lubbert,P., Suppanz,I., Klemm,C.,
            Alka,O., Steiert,C., Naumenko,N., Schendzielorz,A., Melchionda,L.,
            Muhlhauser,W.W.D., Knapp,B., Busch,J.D., Stiller,S.B.,
            Dannenmaier,S., Lindau,C., Licheva,M., Eickhorst,C., Galbusera,R.,
            Zerbes,R.M., Ryan,M.T., Kraft,C., Kozjak-Pavlovic,V., Drepper,F.,
            Dennerlein,S., Oeljeklaus,S., Pfanner,N., Wiedemann,N. and
            Warscheid,B.
  TITLE     Quantitative high-confidence human mitochondrial proteome and its
            dynamics in cellular context
  JOURNAL   Cell Metab 33 (12), 2464-2483 (2021)
   PUBMED   34800366
REFERENCE   5  (bases 1 to 3843)
  AUTHORS   Yuan,Y., Sun,L., Wang,X., Chen,J., Jia,M., Zou,Y., Sa,H., Cai,Y.,
            Xu,Y., Sun,C., Guo,Y., Li,H. and Ma,K.
  TITLE     Identification of a new GLDC gene alternative splicing variant and
            its protumorigenic roles in lung cancer
  JOURNAL   Future Oncol 15 (36), 4127-4139 (2019)
   PUBMED   31773974
  REMARK    GeneRIF: we identified a new alternative splicing isoform of GLDC,
            truncated GLDCV1, and demonstrated that GLDCV1 possesses similar
            biological activities to GLDCfl on regulating CSCs and
            tumorigenesis.
REFERENCE   6  (bases 1 to 3843)
  AUTHORS   Van Hove,J.L.K., Coughlin,C. II, Swanson,M. and Hennermann,J.B.
  TITLE     Nonketotic Hyperglycinemia
  JOURNAL   (in) Adam MP, Feldman J, Mirzaa GM, Pagon RA, Wallace SE and
            Amemiya A (Eds.);
            GENEREVIEWS(R);
            (1993)
   PUBMED   20301531
REFERENCE   7  (bases 1 to 3843)
  AUTHORS   Kure,S., Takayanagi,M., Narisawa,K., Tada,K. and Leisti,J.
  TITLE     Identification of a common mutation in Finnish patients with
            nonketotic hyperglycinemia
  JOURNAL   J Clin Invest 90 (1), 160-164 (1992)
   PUBMED   1634607
REFERENCE   8  (bases 1 to 3843)
  AUTHORS   Kume,A., Koyata,H., Sakakibara,T., Ishiguro,Y., Kure,S. and
            Hiraga,K.
  TITLE     The glycine cleavage system. Molecular cloning of the chicken and
            human glycine decarboxylase cDNAs and some characteristics involved
            in the deduced protein structures
  JOURNAL   J Biol Chem 266 (5), 3323-3329 (1991)
   PUBMED   1993704
REFERENCE   9  (bases 1 to 3843)
  AUTHORS   Kure,S., Narisawa,K. and Tada,K.
  TITLE     Structural and expression analyses of normal and mutant mRNA
            encoding glycine decarboxylase: three-base deletion in mRNA causes
            nonketotic hyperglycinemia
  JOURNAL   Biochem Biophys Res Commun 174 (3), 1176-1182 (1991)
   PUBMED   1996985
REFERENCE   10 (bases 1 to 3843)
  AUTHORS   Sakakibara,T., Koyata,H., Ishiguro,Y., Kure,S., Kume,A., Tada,K.
            and Hiraga,K.
  TITLE     One of the two genomic copies of the glycine decarboxylase cDNA has
            been deleted at a 5' region in a patient with nonketotic
            hyperglycinemia
  JOURNAL   Biochem Biophys Res Commun 173 (3), 801-806 (1990)
   PUBMED   2268343
COMMENT     REVIEWED REFSEQ: This record has been curated by NCBI staff. The
            reference sequence was derived from AL162411.23, DA741442.1,
            DR002916.1, BC111993.1, AW593954.1 and AI480362.1.
            
            On Dec 4, 2019 this sequence version replaced NM_000170.2.
            
            Summary: Degradation of glycine is brought about by the glycine
            cleavage system, which is composed of four mitochondrial protein
            components: P protein (a pyridoxal phosphate-dependent glycine
            decarboxylase), H protein (a lipoic acid-containing protein), T
            protein (a tetrahydrofolate-requiring enzyme), and L protein (a
            lipoamide dehydrogenase). The protein encoded by this gene is the P
            protein, which binds to glycine and enables the methylamine group
            from glycine to be transferred to the T protein. Defects in this
            gene are a cause of nonketotic hyperglycinemia (NKH).[provided by
            RefSeq, Jan 2010].
            
            Publication Note:  This RefSeq record includes a subset of the
            publications that are available for this gene. Please see the Gene
            record to access additional publications.
            
            ##Evidence-Data-START##
            Transcript exon combination :: D90239.1, M63635.1 [ECO:0000332]
            RNAseq introns              :: mixed sample support SAMEA1965299,
                                           SAMEA1966682 [ECO:0006172]
            ##Evidence-Data-END##
            
            ##RefSeq-Attributes-START##
            gene product(s) localized to mito. :: reported by MitoCarta
            MANE Ensembl match                 :: ENST00000321612.8/
                                                  ENSP00000370737.4
            RefSeq Select criteria             :: based on single
                                                  protein-coding transcript
            ##RefSeq-Attributes-END##
            COMPLETENESS: complete on the 3' end.
PRIMARY     REFSEQ_SPAN         PRIMARY_IDENTIFIER PRIMARY_SPAN        COMP
            1-37                AL162411.23        35967-36003         c
            38-379              DA741442.1         3-344
            380-485             DR002916.1         328-433
            486-3378            BC111993.1         322-3214
            3379-3841           AW593954.1         1-463               c
            3842-3843           AI480362.1         15-16               c
FEATURES             Location/Qualifiers
     source          1..3843
                     /organism="Homo sapiens"
                     /mol_type="mRNA"
                     /db_xref="taxon:9606"
                     /chromosome="9"
                     /map="9p24.1"
     gene            1..3843
                     /gene="GLDC"
                     /gene_synonym="GCE; GCE1; GCSP; HYGN1"
                     /note="glycine decarboxylase"
                     /db_xref="GeneID:2731"
                     /db_xref="HGNC:HGNC:4313"
                     /db_xref="MIM:238300"
     exon            1..485
                     /gene="GLDC"
                     /gene_synonym="GCE; GCE1; GCSP; HYGN1"
                     /inference="alignment:Splign:2.1.0"
     CDS             231..3293
                     /gene="GLDC"
                     /gene_synonym="GCE; GCE1; GCSP; HYGN1"
                     /EC_number="1.4.4.2"
                     /note="glycine cleavage system protein P; glycine
                     dehydrogenase [decarboxylating], mitochondrial; glycine
                     decarboxylase P-protein; glycine dehydrogenase
                     (aminomethyl-transferring); glycine dehydrogenase
                     (decarboxylating), mitochondrial; nonketotic
                     hyperglycinemia"
                     /codon_start=1
                     /product="glycine dehydrogenase (decarboxylating),
                     mitochondrial precursor"
                     /protein_id="NP_000161.2"
                     /db_xref="CCDS:CCDS34987.1"
                     /db_xref="GeneID:2731"
                     /db_xref="HGNC:HGNC:4313"
                     /db_xref="MIM:238300"
                     /translation="MQSCARAWGLRLGRGVGGGRRLAGGSGPCWAPRSRDSSSGGGDS
                     AAAGASRLLERLLPRHDDFARRHIGPGDKDQREMLQTLGLASIDELIEKTVPANIRLK
                     RPLKMEDPVCENEILATLHAISSKNQIWRSYIGMGYYNCSVPQTILRNLLENSGWITQ
                     YTPYQPEVSQGRLESLLNYQTMVCDITGLDMANASLLDEGTAAAEALQLCYRHNKRRK
                     FLVDPRCHPQTIAVVQTRAKYTGVLTELKLPCEMDFSGKDVSGVLFQYPDTEGKVEDF
                     TELVERAHQSGSLACCATDLLALCILRPPGEFGVDIALGSSQRFGVPLGYGGPHAAFF
                     AVRESLVRMMPGRMVGVTRDATGKEVYRLALQTREQHIRRDKATSNICTAQALLANMA
                     AMFAIYHGSHGLEHIARRVHNATLILSEGLKRAGHQLQHDLFFDTLKIQCGCSVKEVL
                     GRAAQRQINFRLFEDGTLGISLDETVNEKDLDDLLWIFGCESSAELVAESMGEECRGI
                     PGSVFKRTSPFLTHQVFNSYHSETNIVRYMKKLENKDISLVHSMIPLGSCTMKLNSSS
                     ELAPITWKEFANIHPFVPLDQAQGYQQLFRELEKDLCELTGYDQVCFQPNSGAQGEYA
                     GLATIRAYLNQKGEGHRTVCLIPKSAHGTNPASAHMAGMKIQPVEVDKYGNIDAVHLK
                     AMVDKHKENLAAIMITYPSTNGVFEENISDVCDLIHQHGGQVYLDGANMNAQVGICRP
                     GDFGSDVSHLNLHKTFCIPHGGGGPGMGPIGVKKHLAPFLPNHPVISLKRNEDACPVG
                     TVSAAPWGSSSILPISWAYIKMMGGKGLKQATETAILNANYMAKRLETHYRILFRGAR
                     GYVGHEFILDTRPFKKSANIEAVDVAKRLQDYGFHAPTMSWPVAGTLMVEPTESEDKA
                     ELDRFCDAMISIRQEIADIEEGRIDPRVNPLKMSPHSLTCVTSSHWDRPYSREVAAFP
                     LPFVKPENKFWPTIARIDDIYGDQHLVCTCPPMEVYESPFSEQKRASS"
     exon            486..564
                     /gene="GLDC"
                     /gene_synonym="GCE; GCE1; GCSP; HYGN1"
                     /inference="alignment:Splign:2.1.0"
     exon            565..700
                     /gene="GLDC"
                     /gene_synonym="GCE; GCE1; GCSP; HYGN1"
                     /inference="alignment:Splign:2.1.0"
     exon            701..865
                     /gene="GLDC"
                     /gene_synonym="GCE; GCE1; GCSP; HYGN1"
                     /inference="alignment:Splign:2.1.0"
     exon            866..943
                     /gene="GLDC"
                     /gene_synonym="GCE; GCE1; GCSP; HYGN1"
                     /inference="alignment:Splign:2.1.0"
     exon            944..1091
                     /gene="GLDC"
                     /gene_synonym="GCE; GCE1; GCSP; HYGN1"
                     /inference="alignment:Splign:2.1.0"
     exon            1092..1288
                     /gene="GLDC"
                     /gene_synonym="GCE; GCE1; GCSP; HYGN1"
                     /inference="alignment:Splign:2.1.0"
     exon            1289..1385
                     /gene="GLDC"
                     /gene_synonym="GCE; GCE1; GCSP; HYGN1"
                     /inference="alignment:Splign:2.1.0"
     exon            1386..1491
                     /gene="GLDC"
                     /gene_synonym="GCE; GCE1; GCSP; HYGN1"
                     /inference="alignment:Splign:2.1.0"
     exon            1492..1631
                     /gene="GLDC"
                     /gene_synonym="GCE; GCE1; GCSP; HYGN1"
                     /inference="alignment:Splign:2.1.0"
     exon            1632..1712
                     /gene="GLDC"
                     /gene_synonym="GCE; GCE1; GCSP; HYGN1"
                     /inference="alignment:Splign:2.1.0"
     exon            1713..1810
                     /gene="GLDC"
                     /gene_synonym="GCE; GCE1; GCSP; HYGN1"
                     /inference="alignment:Splign:2.1.0"
     exon            1811..1895
                     /gene="GLDC"
                     /gene_synonym="GCE; GCE1; GCSP; HYGN1"
                     /inference="alignment:Splign:2.1.0"
     exon            1896..1937
                     /gene="GLDC"
                     /gene_synonym="GCE; GCE1; GCSP; HYGN1"
                     /inference="alignment:Splign:2.1.0"
     exon            1938..2080
                     /gene="GLDC"
                     /gene_synonym="GCE; GCE1; GCSP; HYGN1"
                     /inference="alignment:Splign:2.1.0"
     exon            2081..2156
                     /gene="GLDC"
                     /gene_synonym="GCE; GCE1; GCSP; HYGN1"
                     /inference="alignment:Splign:2.1.0"
     exon            2157..2282
                     /gene="GLDC"
                     /gene_synonym="GCE; GCE1; GCSP; HYGN1"
                     /inference="alignment:Splign:2.1.0"
     exon            2283..2432
                     /gene="GLDC"
                     /gene_synonym="GCE; GCE1; GCSP; HYGN1"
                     /inference="alignment:Splign:2.1.0"
     exon            2433..2545
                     /gene="GLDC"
                     /gene_synonym="GCE; GCE1; GCSP; HYGN1"
                     /inference="alignment:Splign:2.1.0"
     exon            2546..2687
                     /gene="GLDC"
                     /gene_synonym="GCE; GCE1; GCSP; HYGN1"
                     /inference="alignment:Splign:2.1.0"
     exon            2688..2799
                     /gene="GLDC"
                     /gene_synonym="GCE; GCE1; GCSP; HYGN1"
                     /inference="alignment:Splign:2.1.0"
     exon            2800..2895
                     /gene="GLDC"
                     /gene_synonym="GCE; GCE1; GCSP; HYGN1"
                     /inference="alignment:Splign:2.1.0"
     exon            2896..3068
                     /gene="GLDC"
                     /gene_synonym="GCE; GCE1; GCSP; HYGN1"
                     /inference="alignment:Splign:2.1.0"
     exon            3069..3149
                     /gene="GLDC"
                     /gene_synonym="GCE; GCE1; GCSP; HYGN1"
                     /inference="alignment:Splign:2.1.0"
     exon            3150..3843
                     /gene="GLDC"
                     /gene_synonym="GCE; GCE1; GCSP; HYGN1"
                     /inference="alignment:Splign:2.1.0"
     regulatory      3822..3827
                     /regulatory_class="polyA_signal_sequence"
                     /gene="GLDC"
                     /gene_synonym="GCE; GCE1; GCSP; HYGN1"
                     /note="hexamer: AATAAA"
     polyA_site      3843
                     /gene="GLDC"
                     /gene_synonym="GCE; GCE1; GCSP; HYGN1"
                     /note="major polyA site"
ORIGIN      
        1 aaagtgtgcg gagcaggtgc cttgggtgga gccacaactt tgcgcgagtg tcttggttga
       61 gcgcagcgcc cattcattgc ccgcgagcgt ccatccatct gtccggccga ctgtccagcg
      121 aaaggggctc caggccgggc gcagccgcca cccgggggac cgaggccagg agaggggcca
      181 agagcgcggc tgacccttgc gggccggggc aggggacggt ggccgcggcc atgcagtcct
      241 gtgccagggc gtgggggctg cgcctgggcc gcggggtcgg gggcggccgc cgcctggctg
      301 ggggatcggg gccgtgctgg gcgccgcgga gccgggacag cagcagtggc ggcggggaca
      361 gcgccgcggc tggggcctcg cgcctcctgg agcgccttct gcccagacac gacgacttcg
      421 ctcggaggca catcggccct ggggacaaag accagagaga gatgctgcag accttggggc
      481 tggcgagcat tgatgaattg atcgagaaga cggtccctgc caacatccgt ttgaaaagac
      541 ccttgaaaat ggaagaccct gtttgtgaaa atgaaatcct tgcaactctg catgccattt
      601 caagcaaaaa ccagatctgg agatcgtata ttggcatggg ctattataac tgctcagtgc
      661 cacagacgat tttgcggaac ttactggaga actcaggatg gatcacccag tatactccat
      721 accagcctga ggtgtctcag gggaggctgg agagtttact caactaccag accatggtgt
      781 gtgacatcac aggcctggac atggccaatg catccctgct ggatgagggg actgcagccg
      841 cagaggcact gcagctgtgc tacagacaca acaagaggag gaaatttctc gttgatcccc
      901 gttgccaccc acagacaata gctgttgtcc agactcgagc caaatatact ggagtcctca
      961 ctgagctgaa gttaccctgt gaaatggact tcagtggaaa agatgtcagt ggagtgttgt
     1021 tccagtaccc agacacggag gggaaggtgg aagactttac ggaactcgtg gagagagctc
     1081 atcagagtgg gagcctggcc tgctgtgcta ctgacctttt agctttgtgc atcttgaggc
     1141 cacctggaga atttggggta gacatcgccc tgggcagctc ccagagattt ggagtgccac
     1201 tgggctatgg gggaccccat gcagcatttt ttgctgtccg agaaagcttg gtgagaatga
     1261 tgcctggaag aatggtgggg gtaacaagag atgccactgg gaaagaagtg tatcgtcttg
     1321 ctcttcaaac cagggagcaa cacattcgga gagacaaggc taccagcaac atctgtacag
     1381 ctcaggccct cttggcgaat atggctgcca tgtttgcaat ctaccatggt tcccatgggc
     1441 tggagcatat tgctaggagg gtacataatg ccactttgat tttgtcagaa ggtctcaagc
     1501 gagcagggca tcaactccag catgacctgt tctttgatac cttgaagatt cagtgtggct
     1561 gctcagtgaa ggaggtcttg ggcagggccg ctcagcggca gatcaatttt cggctttttg
     1621 aggatggcac acttggtatt tctcttgatg aaacagtcaa tgaaaaagat ctggacgatt
     1681 tgttgtggat ctttggttgt gagtcatctg cagaactggt tgctgaaagc atgggagagg
     1741 agtgcagagg tattccaggg tctgtgttca agaggaccag cccgttcctc acccatcaag
     1801 tgttcaacag ctaccactct gaaacaaaca ttgtccggta catgaagaaa ctggaaaata
     1861 aagacatttc ccttgttcac agcatgattc cactgggatc ctgcaccatg aaactgaaca
     1921 gttcgtctga actcgcacct atcacatgga aagaatttgc aaacatccac ccctttgtgc
     1981 ctctggatca agctcaagga tatcagcagc ttttccgaga gcttgagaag gatttgtgtg
     2041 aactcacagg ttatgaccag gtctgtttcc agccaaacag cggagcccag ggagaatatg
     2101 ctggactggc cactatccga gcctacttaa accagaaagg agaggggcac agaacggttt
     2161 gcctcattcc gaaatcagca catgggacca acccagcaag tgcccacatg gcaggcatga
     2221 agattcagcc tgtggaggtg gataaatatg ggaatatcga tgcagttcac ctcaaggcca
     2281 tggtggataa gcacaaggag aacctagcag ctatcatgat tacataccca tccaccaatg
     2341 gggtgtttga agagaacatc agtgacgtgt gtgacctcat ccatcaacat ggaggacagg
     2401 tctacctaga cggggcaaat atgaatgctc aggtgggaat ctgtcgccct ggagacttcg
     2461 ggtctgatgt ctcgcaccta aatcttcaca agaccttctg cattccccac ggaggaggtg
     2521 gtcctggcat ggggcccatc ggagtgaaga aacatctcgc cccgtttttg cccaatcatc
     2581 ccgtcatttc actaaagcgg aatgaggatg cctgtcctgt gggaaccgtc agtgcggccc
     2641 catggggctc cagttccatc ttgcccattt cctgggctta tatcaagatg atgggaggca
     2701 agggtcttaa acaagccacg gaaactgcga tattaaatgc caactacatg gccaagcgat
     2761 tagaaacaca ctacagaatt cttttcaggg gtgcaagagg ttatgtgggt catgaattta
     2821 ttttggacac gagacccttc aaaaagtctg caaatattga ggctgtggat gtggccaaga
     2881 gactccagga ttatggattt cacgccccta ccatgtcctg gcctgtggca gggaccctca
     2941 tggtggagcc cactgagtcg gaggacaagg cagagctgga cagattctgt gatgccatga
     3001 tcagcattcg gcaggaaatt gctgacattg aggagggccg catcgacccc agggtcaatc
     3061 cgctgaagat gtctccacac tccctgacct gcgttacatc ttcccactgg gaccggcctt
     3121 attccagaga ggtggcagca ttcccactcc ccttcgtgaa accagagaac aaattctggc
     3181 caacgattgc ccggattgat gacatatatg gagatcagca cctggtttgt acctgcccac
     3241 ccatggaagt ttatgagtct ccattttctg aacaaaagag ggcgtcttct tagtcctctg
     3301 tccctaagtt taaaggactg atttgatgcc tctccccaga gcatttgata agcaagaaag
     3361 atttcatctc ccaccccagc ctcaagtagg agttttatat actgtgtata tctctgtaat
     3421 ctctgtcaag gtaaatgtaa atacagtagc tggagggagt cgaagctgat ggttggaaga
     3481 cggatttgct ttggtattct gcttccacat gtgccagttg cctggattgg gagccatttt
     3541 gtgttttgcg tagaaagttt taggaacttt aacttttaat gtggcaagtt tgcagatgtc
     3601 atagaggcta tcctggagac ttaatagaca tttttttgtt ccaaaagagt ccatgtggac
     3661 tgtgccatct gtgggaaatc ccagggcaaa tgtttacatt ttgtataccc tgaagaactc
     3721 tttttcctct aatatgccta atctgtaatc acatttctga gtgttctcct ctttttctgt
     3781 gtgaggtttt ttttttttta atctgcattt attagtattc taataaaagc atcttgatcg
     3841 gaa
//
