LOCUS       NM_004123                716 bp    mRNA    linear   PRI 01-JUN-2024
DEFINITION  Homo sapiens gastric inhibitory polypeptide (GIP), mRNA.
ACCESSION   NM_004123
VERSION     NM_004123.3
KEYWORDS    RefSeq; MANE Select.
SOURCE      Homo sapiens (human)
  ORGANISM  Homo sapiens
            Eukaryota; Metazoa; Chordata; Craniata; Vertebrata; Euteleostomi;
            Mammalia; Eutheria; Euarchontoglires; Primates; Haplorrhini;
            Catarrhini; Hominidae; Homo.
REFERENCE   1  (bases 1 to 716)
  AUTHORS   Malavazos,A.E., Iacobellis,G., Dozio,E., Basilico,S., Di
            Vincenzo,A., Dubini,C., Menicanti,L., Vianello,E., Meregalli,C.,
            Ruocco,C., Ragni,M., Secchi,F., Spagnolo,P., Castelvecchio,S.,
            Morricone,L., Buscemi,S., Giordano,A., Goldberger,J.J., Carruba,M.,
            Cinti,S., Corsi Romanelli,M.M. and Nisoli,E.
  TITLE     Human epicardial adipose tissue expresses glucose-dependent
            insulinotropic polypeptide, glucagon, and glucagon-like peptide-1
            receptors as potential targets of pleiotropic therapies
  JOURNAL   Eur J Prev Cardiol 30 (8), 680-693 (2023)
   PUBMED   36799940
  REMARK    GeneRIF: Human epicardial adipose tissue expresses
            glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide, glucagon, and
            glucagon-like peptide-1 receptors as potential targets of
            pleiotropic therapies.
REFERENCE   2  (bases 1 to 716)
  AUTHORS   Alsalim,W., Lindgren,O. and Ahren,B.
  TITLE     Glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide and glucagon-like
            peptide-1 secretion in humans: Characteristics and regulation
  JOURNAL   J Diabetes Investig 14 (3), 354-361 (2023)
   PUBMED   36539382
  REMARK    GeneRIF: Glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide and
            glucagon-like peptide-1 secretion in humans: Characteristics and
            regulation.
            Review article
REFERENCE   3  (bases 1 to 716)
  AUTHORS   Heimburger,S.M.N., Hoe,B., Nielsen,C.N., Bergman,N.C.,
            Skov-Jeppesen,K., Hartmann,B., Holst,J.J., Dela,F., Overgaard,J.,
            Storling,J., Vilsboll,T., Dejgaard,T.F., Havelund,J.F.,
            Gorshkov,V., Kjeldsen,F., Faergeman,N.J., Madsen,M.R.,
            Christensen,M.B. and Knop,F.K.
  TITLE     GIP Affects Hepatic Fat and Brown Adipose Tissue Thermogenesis but
            Not White Adipose Tissue Transcriptome in Type 1 Diabetes
  JOURNAL   J Clin Endocrinol Metab 107 (12), 3261-3274 (2022)
   PUBMED   36111559
  REMARK    GeneRIF: GIP Affects Hepatic Fat and Brown Adipose Tissue
            Thermogenesis but Not White Adipose Tissue Transcriptome in Type 1
            Diabetes.
REFERENCE   4  (bases 1 to 716)
  AUTHORS   Lindquist,P., Gasbjerg,L.S., Mokrosinski,J., Holst,J.J.,
            Hauser,A.S. and Rosenkilde,M.M.
  TITLE     The Location of Missense Variants in the Human GIP Gene Is
            Indicative for Natural Selection
  JOURNAL   Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 13, 891586 (2022)
   PUBMED   35846282
  REMARK    GeneRIF: The Location of Missense Variants in the Human GIP Gene Is
            Indicative for Natural Selection.
            Publication Status: Online-Only
REFERENCE   5  (bases 1 to 716)
  AUTHORS   Grespan,E., Guolo,A., Muscelli,E., Ferrannini,E. and Mari,A.
  TITLE     Loss of the Incretin Effect in Type 2 Diabetes: A Systematic Review
            and Meta-analysis
  JOURNAL   J Clin Endocrinol Metab 107 (7), 2092-2100 (2022)
   PUBMED   35397169
  REMARK    GeneRIF: Loss of the Incretin Effect in Type 2 Diabetes: A
            Systematic Review and Meta-analysis.
REFERENCE   6  (bases 1 to 716)
  AUTHORS   Gallwitz,B., Witt,M., Morys-Wortmann,C., Folsch,U.R. and
            Schmidt,W.E.
  TITLE     GLP-1/GIP chimeric peptides define the structural requirements for
            specific ligand-receptor interaction of GLP-1
  JOURNAL   Regul Pept 63 (1), 17-22 (1996)
   PUBMED   8795084
REFERENCE   7  (bases 1 to 716)
  AUTHORS   Volz,A., Goke,R., Lankat-Buttgereit,B., Fehmann,H.C., Bode,H.P. and
            Goke,B.
  TITLE     Molecular cloning, functional expression, and signal transduction
            of the GIP-receptor cloned from a human insulinoma
  JOURNAL   FEBS Lett 373 (1), 23-29 (1995)
   PUBMED   7589426
  REMARK    Erratum:[FEBS Lett 1996 Mar 4;381(3):271]
REFERENCE   8  (bases 1 to 716)
  AUTHORS   Inagaki,N., Seino,Y., Takeda,J., Yano,H., Yamada,Y., Bell,G.I.,
            Eddy,R.L., Fukushima,Y., Byers,M.G., Shows,T.B. et al.
  TITLE     Gastric inhibitory polypeptide: structure and chromosomal
            localization of the human gene
  JOURNAL   Mol Endocrinol 3 (6), 1014-1021 (1989)
   PUBMED   2739653
REFERENCE   9  (bases 1 to 716)
  AUTHORS   Takeda,J., Seino,Y., Tanaka,K., Fukumoto,H., Kayano,T.,
            Takahashi,H., Mitani,T., Kurono,M., Suzuki,T., Tobe,T. et al.
  TITLE     Sequence of an intestinal cDNA encoding human gastric inhibitory
            polypeptide precursor
  JOURNAL   Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 84 (20), 7005-7008 (1987)
   PUBMED   2890159
REFERENCE   10 (bases 1 to 716)
  AUTHORS   Moody,A.J., Thim,L. and Valverde,I.
  TITLE     The isolation and sequencing of human gastric inhibitory peptide
            (GIP)
  JOURNAL   FEBS Lett 172 (2), 142-148 (1984)
   PUBMED   6745415
COMMENT     REVIEWED REFSEQ: This record has been curated by NCBI staff. The
            reference sequence was derived from AC091133.11, M18185.1 and
            BC069100.1.
            
            On Nov 23, 2018 this sequence version replaced NM_004123.2.
            
            Summary: This gene encodes an incretin hormone and belongs to the
            glucagon superfamily. The encoded protein is important in
            maintaining glucose homeostasis as it is a potent stimulator of
            insulin secretion from pancreatic beta-cells following food
            ingestion and nutrient absorption. This gene stimulates insulin
            secretion via its G protein-coupled receptor activation of adenylyl
            cyclase and other signal transduction pathways. It is a relatively
            poor inhibitor of gastric acid secretion. [provided by RefSeq, Jul
            2008].
            
            Publication Note:  This RefSeq record includes a subset of the
            publications that are available for this gene. Please see the Gene
            record to access additional publications.
            
            ##Evidence-Data-START##
            Transcript exon combination :: ERR279836.3413.1, BC069100.1
                                           [ECO:0000332]
            RNAseq introns              :: mixed sample support SAMEA1968189,
                                           SAMEA1968968 [ECO:0006172]
            ##Evidence-Data-END##
            
            ##RefSeq-Attributes-START##
            MANE Ensembl match     :: ENST00000357424.2/ ENSP00000350005.2
            RefSeq Select criteria :: based on single protein-coding transcript
            ##RefSeq-Attributes-END##
            COMPLETENESS: full length.
PRIMARY     REFSEQ_SPAN         PRIMARY_IDENTIFIER PRIMARY_SPAN        COMP
            1-3                 AC091133.11        72171-72173
            4-588               M18185.1           1-585
            589-714             BC069100.1         586-711
            715-716             AC091133.11        82212-82213
FEATURES             Location/Qualifiers
     source          1..716
                     /organism="Homo sapiens"
                     /mol_type="mRNA"
                     /db_xref="taxon:9606"
                     /chromosome="17"
                     /map="17q21.32"
     gene            1..716
                     /gene="GIP"
                     /note="gastric inhibitory polypeptide"
                     /db_xref="GeneID:2695"
                     /db_xref="HGNC:HGNC:4270"
                     /db_xref="MIM:137240"
     exon            1..80
                     /gene="GIP"
                     /inference="alignment:Splign:2.1.0"
     exon            81..187
                     /gene="GIP"
                     /inference="alignment:Splign:2.1.0"
     CDS             102..563
                     /gene="GIP"
                     /note="glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide;
                     incretin hormone"
                     /codon_start=1
                     /product="gastric inhibitory polypeptide preproprotein"
                     /protein_id="NP_004114.1"
                     /db_xref="CCDS:CCDS11542.1"
                     /db_xref="GeneID:2695"
                     /db_xref="HGNC:HGNC:4270"
                     /db_xref="MIM:137240"
                     /translation="MVATKTFALLLLSLFLAVGLGEKKEGHFSALPSLPVGSHAKVSS
                     PQPRGPRYAEGTFISDYSIAMDKIHQQDFVNWLLAQKGKKNDWKHNITQREARALELA
                     SQANRKEEEAVEPQSSPAKNPSDEDLLRDLLIQELLACLLDQTNLCRLRSR"
     exon            188..358
                     /gene="GIP"
                     /inference="alignment:Splign:2.1.0"
     exon            359..451
                     /gene="GIP"
                     /inference="alignment:Splign:2.1.0"
     exon            452..553
                     /gene="GIP"
                     /inference="alignment:Splign:2.1.0"
     exon            554..716
                     /gene="GIP"
                     /inference="alignment:Splign:2.1.0"
     regulatory      654..659
                     /regulatory_class="polyA_signal_sequence"
                     /gene="GIP"
                     /note="hexamer: AATAAA"
     polyA_site      675
                     /gene="GIP"
     regulatory      693..698
                     /regulatory_class="polyA_signal_sequence"
                     /gene="GIP"
                     /note="hexamer: ATTAAA"
     polyA_site      716
                     /gene="GIP"
                     /note="major polyA site"
ORIGIN      
        1 agcaggctca gaaggtccag aaatcagggg aaggagaccc ctatctgtcc ttcttctgga
       61 agagctggaa aggaagtctg ctcaggaaat aaccttggaa gatggtggcc acgaagacct
      121 ttgctctgct gctgctgtcc ctgttcctgg cagtgggact aggagagaag aaagagggtc
      181 acttcagcgc tctcccctcc ctgcctgttg gatctcatgc taaggtgagc agccctcaac
      241 ctcgaggccc caggtacgcg gaagggactt tcatcagtga ctacagtatt gccatggaca
      301 agattcacca acaagacttt gtgaactggc tgctggccca aaaggggaag aagaatgact
      361 ggaaacacaa catcacccag agggaggctc gggcgctgga gctggccagt caagctaata
      421 ggaaggagga ggaggcagtg gagccacaga gctccccagc caagaacccc agcgatgaag
      481 atttgctgcg ggacttgctg attcaagagc tgttggcctg cttgctggat cagacaaacc
      541 tctgcaggct caggtctcgg tgactctgac cacacccagc tcaggactgg attctgccct
      601 tcacttagca cctgcctcag ccccactcca gaatagccaa gagaacccaa accaataaag
      661 tttatgctaa gtcgagccca ttgtgaaaat ttattaaaat gactactgag cactaa
//
