LOCUS       NM_198407               3014 bp    mRNA    linear   PRI 03-SEP-2024
DEFINITION  Homo sapiens growth hormone secretagogue receptor (GHSR),
            transcript variant 1a, mRNA.
ACCESSION   NM_198407
VERSION     NM_198407.2
KEYWORDS    RefSeq; MANE Select.
SOURCE      Homo sapiens (human)
  ORGANISM  Homo sapiens
            Eukaryota; Metazoa; Chordata; Craniata; Vertebrata; Euteleostomi;
            Mammalia; Eutheria; Euarchontoglires; Primates; Haplorrhini;
            Catarrhini; Hominidae; Homo.
REFERENCE   1  (bases 1 to 3014)
  AUTHORS   Ozkan-Kotiloglu,S., Kaya-Akyuzlu,D., Guven,E., Dogan,O.,
            Agtas-Ertan,E. and Ozgur-Ilhan,I.
  TITLE     A case control study investigating the methylation levels of GHRL
            and GHSR genes in alcohol use disorder
  JOURNAL   Mol Biol Rep 51 (1), 663 (2024)
   PUBMED   38771494
  REMARK    GeneRIF: A case control study investigating the methylation levels
            of GHRL and GHSR genes in alcohol use disorder.
            Publication Status: Online-Only
REFERENCE   2  (bases 1 to 3014)
  AUTHORS   Dong,S., Jiang,S., Hou,B., Li,Y., Sun,B., Guo,Y., Deng,M., Liu,D.
            and Liu,G.
  TITLE     miR-128-3p Regulates Follicular Granulosa Cell Proliferation and
            Apoptosis by Targeting the Growth Hormone Secretagogue Receptor
  JOURNAL   Int J Mol Sci 25 (5), 2720 (2024)
   PUBMED   38473968
  REMARK    GeneRIF: miR-128-3p Regulates Follicular Granulosa Cell
            Proliferation and Apoptosis by Targeting the Growth Hormone
            Secretagogue Receptor.
            Publication Status: Online-Only
REFERENCE   3  (bases 1 to 3014)
  AUTHORS   Arslan,B., Dogan,G., Orenay-Boyacioglu,S., Caliskan,M. and
            Elevli,M.
  TITLE     Serotonin, ghrelin, and motilin gene/receptor/transporter
            polymorphisms in childhood functional constipation
  JOURNAL   Rev Assoc Med Bras (1992) 69 (2), 279-284 (2023)
   PUBMED   36888769
  REMARK    GeneRIF: Serotonin, ghrelin, and motilin gene/receptor/transporter
            polymorphisms in childhood functional constipation.
            Publication Status: Online-Only
REFERENCE   4  (bases 1 to 3014)
  AUTHORS   Giha,H.A., Joatar,F.E., AlDehaini,D.M.B., Malalla,Z.H.A., Ali,M.E.
            and Al Qarni,A.A.
  TITLE     Association of obesity in T2DM with differential polymorphism of
            ghrelin, growth hormone secretagogue receptor-1 and telomeres
            maintenance genes
  JOURNAL   Horm Mol Biol Clin Investig 43 (3), 297-306 (2022)
   PUBMED   35446515
  REMARK    GeneRIF: Association of obesity in T2DM with differential
            polymorphism of ghrelin, growth hormone secretagogue receptor-1 and
            telomeres maintenance genes.
            Publication Status: Online-Only
REFERENCE   5  (bases 1 to 3014)
  AUTHORS   Gupta,S., Mukhopadhyay,S. and Mitra,A.
  TITLE     Therapeutic potential of GHSR-1A antagonism in alcohol dependence,
            a review
  JOURNAL   Life Sci 291, 120316 (2022)
   PUBMED   35016882
  REMARK    GeneRIF: Therapeutic potential of GHSR-1A antagonism in alcohol
            dependence, a review.
            Review article
REFERENCE   6  (bases 1 to 3014)
  AUTHORS   Kojima,M., Hosoda,H., Date,Y., Nakazato,M., Matsuo,H. and
            Kangawa,K.
  TITLE     Ghrelin is a growth-hormone-releasing acylated peptide from stomach
  JOURNAL   Nature 402 (6762), 656-660 (1999)
   PUBMED   10604470
REFERENCE   7  (bases 1 to 3014)
  AUTHORS   Kaji,H., Tai,S., Okimura,Y., Iguchi,G., Takahashi,Y., Abe,H. and
            Chihara,K.
  TITLE     Cloning and characterization of the 5'-flanking region of the human
            growth hormone secretagogue receptor gene
  JOURNAL   J Biol Chem 273 (51), 33885-33888 (1998)
   PUBMED   9852035
REFERENCE   8  (bases 1 to 3014)
  AUTHORS   McKee,K.K., Palyha,O.C., Feighner,S.D., Hreniuk,D.L., Tan,C.P.,
            Phillips,M.S., Smith,R.G., Van der Ploeg,L.H. and Howard,A.D.
  TITLE     Molecular analysis of rat pituitary and hypothalamic growth hormone
            secretagogue receptors
  JOURNAL   Mol Endocrinol 11 (4), 415-423 (1997)
   PUBMED   9092793
REFERENCE   9  (bases 1 to 3014)
  AUTHORS   Howard,A.D., Feighner,S.D., Cully,D.F., Arena,J.P., Liberator,P.A.,
            Rosenblum,C.I., Hamelin,M., Hreniuk,D.L., Palyha,O.C., Anderson,J.,
            Paress,P.S., Diaz,C., Chou,M., Liu,K.K., McKee,K.K., Pong,S.S.,
            Chaung,L.Y., Elbrecht,A., Dashkevicz,M., Heavens,R., Rigby,M.,
            Sirinathsinghji,D.J., Dean,D.C., Melillo,D.G., Patchett,A.A.,
            Nargund,R., Griffin,P.R., DeMartino,J.A., Gupta,S.K.,
            Schaeffer,J.M., Smith,R.G. and Van der Ploeg,L.H.
  TITLE     A receptor in pituitary and hypothalamus that functions in growth
            hormone release
  JOURNAL   Science 273 (5277), 974-977 (1996)
   PUBMED   8688086
  REMARK    GeneRIF: The 1b variant may not be functional, it only encodes 5 of
            the 7 transmembrane domains and fails to respond in xenopus
            oocytes.
REFERENCE   10 (bases 1 to 3014)
  AUTHORS   Engbaek,K.
  TITLE     [Giardia lamblia and other intestinal parasites in children in
            day-institutions. Incidence and significance]
  JOURNAL   Ugeskr Laeger 140 (1), 14-17 (1977)
   PUBMED   601898
COMMENT     REVIEWED REFSEQ: This record has been curated by NCBI staff. The
            reference sequence was derived from BC113547.1 and AC069523.15.
            This sequence is a reference standard in the RefSeqGene project.
            
            On Apr 30, 2010 this sequence version replaced NM_198407.1.
            
            Summary: This gene encodes a member of the G-protein coupled
            receptor family. The encoded protein may play a role in energy
            homeostasis and regulation of body weight. Two identified
            transcript variants are expressed in several tissues and are
            evolutionary conserved in fish and swine. One transcript, 1a,
            excises an intron and encodes the functional protein; this protein
            is the receptor for the Ghrelin ligand and defines a neuroendocrine
            pathway for growth hormone release. The second transcript (1b)
            retains the intron and does not function as a receptor for Ghrelin;
            however, it may function to attenuate activity of isoform 1a.
            Mutations in this gene are associated with autosomal idiopathic
            short stature.[provided by RefSeq, Apr 2010].
            
            Transcript Variant: This variant (1a), also known as GHS-R1a,
            represents the completely spliced transcript, and encodes the
            longer isoform (1a). This transcript has been shown to encode a
            functional protein.
            
            Sequence Note: This RefSeq record was created from transcript and
            genomic sequence data to make the sequence consistent with the
            reference genome assembly. The genomic coordinates used for the
            transcript record were based on transcript alignments.
            
            Publication Note:  This RefSeq record includes a subset of the
            publications that are available for this gene. Please see the Gene
            record to access additional publications.
            
            ##Evidence-Data-START##
            Transcript exon combination :: BC113547.1, AY429112.1 [ECO:0000332]
            RNAseq introns              :: single sample supports all introns
                                           SAMEA2161674, SAMN03465401
                                           [ECO:0000348]
            ##Evidence-Data-END##
            
            ##RefSeq-Attributes-START##
            MANE Ensembl match     :: ENST00000241256.3/ ENSP00000241256.2
            RefSeq Select criteria :: based on conservation, expression,
                                      longest protein
            ##RefSeq-Attributes-END##
PRIMARY     REFSEQ_SPAN         PRIMARY_IDENTIFIER PRIMARY_SPAN        COMP
            1-213               BC113547.1         1-213
            214-214             AC069523.15        113006-113006       c
            215-1172            BC113547.1         215-1172
            1173-3014           AC069523.15        108054-109895       c
FEATURES             Location/Qualifiers
     source          1..3014
                     /organism="Homo sapiens"
                     /mol_type="mRNA"
                     /db_xref="taxon:9606"
                     /chromosome="3"
                     /map="3q26.31"
     gene            1..3014
                     /gene="GHSR"
                     /gene_synonym="GHDP; GHS-R1a; GHSR-1a"
                     /note="growth hormone secretagogue receptor"
                     /db_xref="GeneID:2693"
                     /db_xref="HGNC:HGNC:4267"
                     /db_xref="MIM:601898"
     exon            1..839
                     /gene="GHSR"
                     /gene_synonym="GHDP; GHS-R1a; GHSR-1a"
                     /inference="alignment:Splign:2.1.0"
     CDS             44..1144
                     /gene="GHSR"
                     /gene_synonym="GHDP; GHS-R1a; GHSR-1a"
                     /note="isoform 1a is encoded by transcript variant 1a;
                     growth hormone secretagogue receptor type 1; ghrelin
                     receptor; GHRP; GHS-R; GH-releasing peptide receptor"
                     /codon_start=1
                     /product="growth hormone secretagogue receptor type 1
                     isoform 1a"
                     /protein_id="NP_940799.1"
                     /db_xref="CCDS:CCDS3218.1"
                     /db_xref="GeneID:2693"
                     /db_xref="HGNC:HGNC:4267"
                     /db_xref="MIM:601898"
                     /translation="MWNATPSEEPGFNLTLADLDWDASPGNDSLGDELLQLFPAPLLA
                     GVTATCVALFVVGIAGNLLTMLVVSRFRELRTTTNLYLSSMAFSDLLIFLCMPLDLVR
                     LWQYRPWNFGDLLCKLFQFVSESCTYATVLTITALSVERYFAICFPLRAKVVVTKGRV
                     KLVIFVIWAVAFCSAGPIFVLVGVEHENGTDPWDTNECRPTEFAVRSGLLTVMVWVSS
                     IFFFLPVFCLTVLYSLIGRKLWRRRRGDAVVGASLRDQNHKQTVKMLAVVVFAFILCW
                     LPFHVGRYLFSKSFEPGSLEIAQISQYCNLVSFVLFYLSAAINPILYNIMSKKYRVAV
                     FRLLGFEPFSQRKLSTLKDESSRAWTESSINT"
     exon            840..3014
                     /gene="GHSR"
                     /gene_synonym="GHDP; GHS-R1a; GHSR-1a"
                     /inference="alignment:Splign:2.1.0"
     regulatory      2411..2416
                     /regulatory_class="polyA_signal_sequence"
                     /gene="GHSR"
                     /gene_synonym="GHDP; GHS-R1a; GHSR-1a"
                     /note="hexamer: ATTAAA"
     polyA_site      2433
                     /gene="GHSR"
                     /gene_synonym="GHDP; GHS-R1a; GHSR-1a"
                     /note="major polyA site"
ORIGIN      
        1 cagcgcagtc acgtcccaga gcctgttcag ctgagccggc agcatgtgga acgcgacgcc
       61 cagcgaagag ccggggttca acctcacact ggccgacctg gactgggatg cttcccccgg
      121 caacgactcg ctgggcgacg agctgctgca gctcttcccc gcgccgctgc tggcgggcgt
      181 cacagccacc tgcgtggcac tcttcgtggt gggcatcgct ggcaacctgc tcaccatgct
      241 ggtggtgtcg cgcttccgcg agctgcgcac caccaccaac ctctacctgt ccagcatggc
      301 cttctccgat ctgctcatct tcctctgcat gcccctggac ctcgttcgcc tctggcagta
      361 ccggccctgg aacttcggcg acctcctctg caaactcttc caattcgtca gtgagagctg
      421 cacctacgcc acggtgctca ccatcacagc gctgagcgtc gagcgctact tcgccatctg
      481 cttcccactc cgggccaagg tggtggtcac caaggggcgg gtgaagctgg tcatcttcgt
      541 catctgggcc gtggccttct gcagcgccgg gcccatcttc gtgctagtcg gggtggagca
      601 cgagaacggc accgaccctt gggacaccaa cgagtgccgc cccaccgagt ttgcggtgcg
      661 ctctggactg ctcacggtca tggtgtgggt gtccagcatc ttcttcttcc ttcctgtctt
      721 ctgtctcacg gtcctctaca gtctcatcgg caggaagctg tggcggagga ggcgcggcga
      781 tgctgtcgtg ggtgcctcgc tcagggacca gaaccacaag caaaccgtga aaatgctggc
      841 tgtagtggtg tttgccttca tcctctgctg gctccccttc cacgtagggc gatatttatt
      901 ttccaaatcc tttgagcctg gctccttgga gattgctcag atcagccagt actgcaacct
      961 cgtgtccttt gtcctcttct acctcagtgc tgccatcaac cccattctgt acaacatcat
     1021 gtccaagaag taccgggtgg cagtgttcag acttctggga ttcgaaccct tctcccagag
     1081 aaagctctcc actctgaaag atgaaagttc tcgggcctgg acagaatcta gtattaatac
     1141 atgacctagc acattgcgag tacagtcacc gcttattact ctaaaccgga agacatagca
     1201 cagcagaact tgggaggaag ctgaaggtta attttggaat taggaacaca tagatccaga
     1261 aacatctggg agggaaaaaa gatatcattt gtagggtgtg agcagtttga tttgatcgca
     1321 caattatcag tgctctcata cactatttct gcatattcac tgtctatgat tttgcattct
     1381 gctgcgggtg ctggtgaggg ctttgcaatt cagagaaagg aggaagagca gagtgagcaa
     1441 ttagggcact tcttggtagg taaatacaaa tttgctttgc tttttcataa tgatcaaaat
     1501 tatttggtta aaagaatgac attacaatac aaaatttaaa atgtaacttt taaaaactag
     1561 ctattttcat aaagctctag agcagtgcta tccaagagaa atataacatg aggcacgtga
     1621 gcaatcagta caaaaattat taaaaaggaa tttacattct tttttttcac actaagtctt
     1681 tgaaatctgg catgcttttt acacttacag aaaccctcaa tttggacact aagttttcat
     1741 tggtaatatt tgatgtattt agatttcata aaatttacag ataaaaagta gattcaacaa
     1801 tctaagttgt ctaagcacac ttaaaagttt tccagtaact gaaacaacgg taaaccttta
     1861 aacttaaaat taattaaagt taaaaattca gttcttcagt tgcactagtc acatttcaag
     1921 tatccagtag ctcgaggtta ccactcagaa cagtacagct ctagagtata tacaaaactt
     1981 atcattcacc ttatatgaaa tgtttaaaaa taaatactgt ttccctaaaa tgtttttata
     2041 gtgatgttca cacagcagaa ttttagagtg atgaatacta aaaatcacac ctaaatgtcc
     2101 tgttctgtat gctcagaaga gaatgaatat gaaatgtgta acatacattt ttaaattaag
     2161 ttgagttgca tgtgttaata ttcaggaaat gaaacttttt aaaacaatta tgggtaatca
     2221 caaactgcct catatggctt aacaaaaatt ttgaagtcaa ttataaggct tcgatttgtg
     2281 aataagggaa caatttgtaa cgtgctctgg caagattaca agaaagttaa tgaatataga
     2341 aatttttcaa gtgatgaagg caggcttatg tgaaaaactg agaatcccct aaatgctact
     2401 gcttattgat attaaaaact ttcaaaaatc ttatagccat ttatttttaa atgtctatgc
     2461 tgtgtcctgt ctccaaatta gttttgctgc ttatatccca ttgcttatct gatagatatg
     2521 attacttgga cttccagacc ctctcttaat tctaattatg aatgaataga catcttcaac
     2581 taaatattat acatttggtt ataagtatat aattttcatt tatattgaca ttgcttccta
     2641 tacagtcaac tctttgcata ctaaaggtat taacccaaaa ataacttttt cataatcctg
     2701 tgcaatactt agtcatataa gcagttcctt catgaagtta ttggttcaca actatggaat
     2761 ggatggaacc atttagggaa attcctgcca tgactgtttt ttccttcatc aaaaagaaag
     2821 ataatcatga tgaaataatc gattgattat ttagtttgga aacatccaaa cacaatcata
     2881 attagaatca tttctctaga aaaatatttc tgagattcgt tctgacacta aaactgcacc
     2941 accaatgtgg tctaaataca gaacactagc aagctgatta tgtagttaat tcctaagagt
     3001 gcatcaatat taaa
//
