LOCUS       NM_021081                545 bp    mRNA    linear   PRI 09-JUN-2024
DEFINITION  Homo sapiens growth hormone releasing hormone (GHRH), transcript
            variant 1, mRNA.
ACCESSION   NM_021081 XM_011528784
VERSION     NM_021081.6
KEYWORDS    RefSeq; MANE Select.
SOURCE      Homo sapiens (human)
  ORGANISM  Homo sapiens
            Eukaryota; Metazoa; Chordata; Craniata; Vertebrata; Euteleostomi;
            Mammalia; Eutheria; Euarchontoglires; Primates; Haplorrhini;
            Catarrhini; Hominidae; Homo.
REFERENCE   1  (bases 1 to 545)
  AUTHORS   Szabo,Z., Juhasz,E., Schally,A.V., Dezso,B., Huga,S., Hernadi,Z.,
            Halmos,G. and Kiss,C.
  TITLE     Expression of Growth Hormone-Releasing Hormone and Its Receptor
            Splice Variants in Primary Human Endometrial Carcinomas: Novel
            Therapeutic Approaches
  JOURNAL   Molecules 27 (9), 2671 (2022)
   PUBMED   35566020
  REMARK    GeneRIF: Expression of Growth Hormone-Releasing Hormone and Its
            Receptor Splice Variants in Primary Human Endometrial Carcinomas:
            Novel Therapeutic Approaches.
            Publication Status: Online-Only
REFERENCE   2  (bases 1 to 545)
  AUTHORS   Zhou,F., Zhang,H., Cong,Z., Zhao,L.H., Zhou,Q., Mao,C., Cheng,X.,
            Shen,D.D., Cai,X., Ma,C., Wang,Y., Dai,A., Zhou,Y., Sun,W.,
            Zhao,F., Zhao,S., Jiang,H., Jiang,Y., Yang,D., Eric Xu,H., Zhang,Y.
            and Wang,M.W.
  TITLE     Structural basis for activation of the growth hormone-releasing
            hormone receptor
  JOURNAL   Nat Commun 11 (1), 5205 (2020)
   PUBMED   33060564
  REMARK    GeneRIF: Structural basis for activation of the growth
            hormone-releasing hormone receptor.
            Publication Status: Online-Only
REFERENCE   3  (bases 1 to 545)
  AUTHORS   Yao,Y., Zhu,H., Zhu,L., Fang,Z., Fan,Y., Liu,C., Tian,Y., Chen,Y.,
            Tang,W., Ren,Z., Li,J., Yang,S., Chen,Y., Zhao,X. and Shen,C.
  TITLE     A comprehensive contribution of genetic variations of the
            insulin-like growth factor 1 signalling pathway to stroke
            susceptibility
  JOURNAL   Atherosclerosis 296, 59-65 (2020)
   PUBMED   32065979
  REMARK    GeneRIF: A comprehensive contribution of genetic variations of the
            insulin-like growth factor 1 signalling pathway to stroke
            susceptibility.
REFERENCE   4  (bases 1 to 545)
  AUTHORS   Brunger,A.T., Clore,G.M., Gronenborn,A.M. and Karplus,M.
  TITLE     Solution conformations of human growth hormone releasing factor:
            comparison of the restrained molecular dynamics and distance
            geometry methods for a system without long-range distance data
  JOURNAL   Protein Eng 1 (5), 399-406 (1987)
   PUBMED   2854259
REFERENCE   5  (bases 1 to 545)
  AUTHORS   Mitrakou,A., Hadjidakis,G., Raptis,S., Bartsocas,C.S. and
            Souvatzoglou,A.
  TITLE     Heterogeneity of growth-hormone deficiency
  JOURNAL   Lancet 1 (8425), 399-400 (1985)
   PUBMED   2857452
REFERENCE   6  (bases 1 to 545)
  AUTHORS   Mayo,K.E., Cerelli,G.M., Lebo,R.V., Bruce,B.D., Rosenfeld,M.G. and
            Evans,R.M.
  TITLE     Gene encoding human growth hormone-releasing factor precursor:
            structure, sequence, and chromosomal assignment
  JOURNAL   Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 82 (1), 63-67 (1985)
   PUBMED   3918305
REFERENCE   7  (bases 1 to 545)
  AUTHORS   Ling,N., Zeytin,F., Bohlen,P., Esch,F., Brazeau,P.,
            Wehrenberg,W.B., Baird,A. and Guillemin,R.
  TITLE     Growth hormone releasing factors
  JOURNAL   Annu Rev Biochem 54, 403-423 (1985)
   PUBMED   2992358
  REMARK    Review article
REFERENCE   8  (bases 1 to 545)
  AUTHORS   Mayo,K.E., Vale,W., Rivier,J., Rosenfeld,M.G. and Evans,R.M.
  TITLE     Expression-cloning and sequence of a cDNA encoding human growth
            hormone-releasing factor
  JOURNAL   Nature 306 (5938), 86-88 (1983)
   PUBMED   6415488
REFERENCE   9  (bases 1 to 545)
  AUTHORS   Gubler,U., Monahan,J.J., Lomedico,P.T., Bhatt,R.S., Collier,K.J.,
            Hoffman,B.J., Bohlen,P., Esch,F., Ling,N., Zeytin,F., Brazeau,P.,
            Poonian,M.S. and Gage,L.P.
  TITLE     Cloning and sequence analysis of cDNA for the precursor of human
            growth hormone-releasing factor, somatocrinin
  JOURNAL   Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 80 (14), 4311-4314 (1983)
   PUBMED   6192430
REFERENCE   10 (bases 1 to 545)
  AUTHORS   Guillemin,R., Brazeau,P., Bohlen,P., Esch,F., Ling,N. and
            Wehrenberg,W.B.
  TITLE     Growth hormone-releasing factor from a human pancreatic tumor that
            caused acromegaly
  JOURNAL   Science 218 (4572), 585-587 (1982)
   PUBMED   6812220
COMMENT     REVIEWED REFSEQ: This record has been curated by NCBI staff. The
            reference sequence was derived from AL034422.24 and AL031659.9.
            
            On or before Jul 14, 2020 this sequence version replaced
            XM_011528784.2, NM_021081.5.
            
            Summary: This gene encodes a member of the glucagon family of
            proteins. The encoded preproprotein is produced in the hypothalamus
            and cleaved to generate the mature factor, known as somatoliberin,
            which acts to stimulate growth hormone release from the pituitary
            gland. Variant receptors for somatoliberin have been found in
            several types of tumors, and antagonists of these receptors can
            inhibit the growth of the tumors. Defects in this gene are a cause
            of dwarfism, while hypersecretion of the encoded protein is a cause
            of gigantism. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript
            variants, at least one of which encodes a preproprotein that is
            proteolytically processed. [provided by RefSeq, Jan 2016].
            
            Publication Note:  This RefSeq record includes a subset of the
            publications that are available for this gene. Please see the Gene
            record to access additional publications.
            
            ##Evidence-Data-START##
            Transcript exon combination :: BX102214.1 [ECO:0000332]
            RNAseq introns              :: single sample supports all introns
                                           SAMEA2142586, SAMEA2144835
                                           [ECO:0000348]
            ##Evidence-Data-END##
            
            ##RefSeq-Attributes-START##
            MANE Ensembl match     :: ENST00000373614.7/ ENSP00000362716.2
            RefSeq Select criteria :: based on manual assertion, conservation,
                                      expression, longest protein
            ##RefSeq-Attributes-END##
            COMPLETENESS: complete on the 3' end.
PRIMARY     REFSEQ_SPAN         PRIMARY_IDENTIFIER PRIMARY_SPAN        COMP
            1-72                AL034422.24        1105-1176           c
            73-174              AL031659.9         97067-97168         c
            175-279             AL031659.9         96654-96758         c
            280-399             AL031659.9         94470-94589         c
            400-545             AL031659.9         91346-91491         c
FEATURES             Location/Qualifiers
     source          1..545
                     /organism="Homo sapiens"
                     /mol_type="mRNA"
                     /db_xref="taxon:9606"
                     /chromosome="20"
                     /map="20q11.23"
     gene            1..545
                     /gene="GHRH"
                     /gene_synonym="GHRF; GRF; INN"
                     /note="growth hormone releasing hormone"
                     /db_xref="GeneID:2691"
                     /db_xref="HGNC:HGNC:4265"
                     /db_xref="MIM:139190"
     exon            1..72
                     /gene="GHRH"
                     /gene_synonym="GHRF; GRF; INN"
                     /inference="alignment:Splign:2.1.0"
     exon            73..174
                     /gene="GHRH"
                     /gene_synonym="GHRF; GRF; INN"
                     /inference="alignment:Splign:2.1.0"
     CDS             92..418
                     /gene="GHRH"
                     /gene_synonym="GHRF; GRF; INN"
                     /note="isoform 1 preproprotein is encoded by transcript
                     variant 1; somatoliberin; sermorelin; somatocrinin;
                     somatorelin; growth hormone releasing factor"
                     /codon_start=1
                     /product="somatoliberin isoform 1 preproprotein"
                     /protein_id="NP_066567.1"
                     /db_xref="CCDS:CCDS13292.1"
                     /db_xref="GeneID:2691"
                     /db_xref="HGNC:HGNC:4265"
                     /db_xref="MIM:139190"
                     /translation="MPLWVFFFVILTLSNSSHCSPPPPLTLRMRRYADAIFTNSYRKV
                     LGQLSARKLLQDIMSRQQGESNQERGARARLGRQVDSMWAEQKQMELESILVALLQKH
                     SRNSQG"
     exon            175..279
                     /gene="GHRH"
                     /gene_synonym="GHRF; GRF; INN"
                     /inference="alignment:Splign:2.1.0"
     exon            280..399
                     /gene="GHRH"
                     /gene_synonym="GHRF; GRF; INN"
                     /inference="alignment:Splign:2.1.0"
     exon            400..545
                     /gene="GHRH"
                     /gene_synonym="GHRF; GRF; INN"
                     /inference="alignment:Splign:2.1.0"
     regulatory      513..518
                     /regulatory_class="polyA_signal_sequence"
                     /gene="GHRH"
                     /gene_synonym="GHRF; GRF; INN"
                     /note="hexamer: AATAAA"
     polyA_site      545
                     /gene="GHRH"
                     /gene_synonym="GHRF; GRF; INN"
                     /note="major polyA site"
ORIGIN      
        1 agagcaaaca cccagcccag ggcccctgga tttgagcagt gcctcggagc agagggatat
       61 ctgccgcatc aggtgccacc ccgggtgaag gatgccactc tgggtgttct tctttgtgat
      121 cctcaccctc agcaacagct cccactgctc cccacctccc cctttgaccc tcaggatgcg
      181 gcggtatgca gatgccatct tcaccaacag ctaccggaag gtgctgggcc agctgtccgc
      241 ccgcaagctg ctccaggaca tcatgagcag gcagcaggga gagagcaacc aagagcgagg
      301 agcaagggca cggcttggtc gtcaggtaga cagcatgtgg gcagaacaaa agcaaatgga
      361 attggagagc atcctggtgg ccctgctgca gaagcacagc aggaactccc agggatgaag
      421 attcctcctg tgacccgggc tacctgtagc caaaatgcaa ctggatccag ttaatcctct
      481 catttctgac ccactttttc ctttgaaaat acaataaaat tcccccatac cggtgtgcat
      541 ttaaa
//
