LOCUS       NM_152785               3281 bp    mRNA    linear   PRI 06-JUN-2024
DEFINITION  Homo sapiens germinal center associated signaling and motility
            (GCSAM), transcript variant 1, mRNA.
ACCESSION   NM_152785
VERSION     NM_152785.5
KEYWORDS    RefSeq; MANE Select.
SOURCE      Homo sapiens (human)
  ORGANISM  Homo sapiens
            Eukaryota; Metazoa; Chordata; Craniata; Vertebrata; Euteleostomi;
            Mammalia; Eutheria; Euarchontoglires; Primates; Haplorrhini;
            Catarrhini; Hominidae; Homo.
REFERENCE   1  (bases 1 to 3281)
  AUTHORS   Berker,N., Yegen,G., Ozluk,Y. and Dogan,O.
  TITLE     Value of GCET1, HGAL (GCET2), and LMO2 in the Determination of
            Germinal Center Phenotype in Diffuse Large B-cell Lymphoma
  JOURNAL   Turk J Haematol 40 (3), 162-173 (2023)
   PUBMED   37519110
  REMARK    GeneRIF: Value of GCET1, HGAL (GCET2), and LMO2 in the
            Determination of Germinal Center Phenotype in Diffuse Large B-cell
            Lymphoma.
REFERENCE   2  (bases 1 to 3281)
  AUTHORS   Jiang,X., Lu,X., Gentles,A.J., Zhao,D., Wander,S.A., Zhang,Y.,
            Natkunam,Y., Slingerland,J., Reis,I.M., Rabinovich,B.,
            Abdulreda,M.H., Moy,V.T. and Lossos,I.S.
  TITLE     HGAL inhibits lymphoma dissemination by interacting with multiple
            cytoskeletal proteins
  JOURNAL   Blood Adv 5 (23), 5072-5085 (2021)
   PUBMED   34543391
  REMARK    GeneRIF: HGAL inhibits lymphoma dissemination by interacting with
            multiple cytoskeletal proteins.
REFERENCE   3  (bases 1 to 3281)
  AUTHORS   Raboso-Gallego,J., Casado-Garcia,A., Jiang,X., Isidro-Hernandez,M.,
            Gentles,A.J., Zhao,S., Natkunam,Y., Blanco,O., Dominguez,V.,
            Pintado,B., Alonso-Lopez,D., De Las Rivas,J., Vicente-Duenas,C.,
            Lossos,I.S. and Sanchez-Garcia,I.
  TITLE     Conditional expression of HGAL leads to the development of diffuse
            large B-cell lymphoma in mice
  JOURNAL   Blood 137 (13), 1741-1753 (2021)
   PUBMED   33024996
  REMARK    GeneRIF: Conditional expression of HGAL leads to the development of
            diffuse large B-cell lymphoma in mice.
REFERENCE   4  (bases 1 to 3281)
  AUTHORS   Luck,K., Kim,D.K., Lambourne,L., Spirohn,K., Begg,B.E., Bian,W.,
            Brignall,R., Cafarelli,T., Campos-Laborie,F.J., Charloteaux,B.,
            Choi,D., Cote,A.G., Daley,M., Deimling,S., Desbuleux,A., Dricot,A.,
            Gebbia,M., Hardy,M.F., Kishore,N., Knapp,J.J., Kovacs,I.A.,
            Lemmens,I., Mee,M.W., Mellor,J.C., Pollis,C., Pons,C.,
            Richardson,A.D., Schlabach,S., Teeking,B., Yadav,A., Babor,M.,
            Balcha,D., Basha,O., Bowman-Colin,C., Chin,S.F., Choi,S.G.,
            Colabella,C., Coppin,G., D'Amata,C., De Ridder,D., De Rouck,S.,
            Duran-Frigola,M., Ennajdaoui,H., Goebels,F., Goehring,L., Gopal,A.,
            Haddad,G., Hatchi,E., Helmy,M., Jacob,Y., Kassa,Y., Landini,S.,
            Li,R., van Lieshout,N., MacWilliams,A., Markey,D., Paulson,J.N.,
            Rangarajan,S., Rasla,J., Rayhan,A., Rolland,T., San-Miguel,A.,
            Shen,Y., Sheykhkarimli,D., Sheynkman,G.M., Simonovsky,E., Tasan,M.,
            Tejeda,A., Tropepe,V., Twizere,J.C., Wang,Y., Weatheritt,R.J.,
            Weile,J., Xia,Y., Yang,X., Yeger-Lotem,E., Zhong,Q., Aloy,P.,
            Bader,G.D., De Las Rivas,J., Gaudet,S., Hao,T., Rak,J.,
            Tavernier,J., Hill,D.E., Vidal,M., Roth,F.P. and Calderwood,M.A.
  TITLE     A reference map of the human binary protein interactome
  JOURNAL   Nature 580 (7803), 402-408 (2020)
   PUBMED   32296183
REFERENCE   5  (bases 1 to 3281)
  AUTHORS   Guo,F., Luo,Y., Jiang,X., Lu,X., Roberti,D., Lossos,C.,
            Kunkalla,K., Magistri,M., Rui,L., Verdun,R., Vega,F., Moy,V.T. and
            Lossos,I.S.
  TITLE     Recent BCR stimulation induces a negative autoregulatory loop via
            FBXO10 mediated degradation of HGAL
  JOURNAL   Leukemia 34 (2), 553-566 (2020)
   PUBMED   31570756
  REMARK    GeneRIF: Recent BCR stimulation induces a negative autoregulatory
            loop via FBXO10 mediated degradation of HGAL.
REFERENCE   6  (bases 1 to 3281)
  AUTHORS   Lu,X., Chen,J., Malumbres,R., Cubedo Gil,E., Helfman,D.M. and
            Lossos,I.S.
  TITLE     HGAL, a lymphoma prognostic biomarker, interacts with the
            cytoskeleton and mediates the effects of IL-6 on cell migration
  JOURNAL   Blood 110 (13), 4268-4277 (2007)
   PUBMED   17823310
  REMARK    GeneRIF: HGAL is involved in negative regulation of lymphocyte
            migration, thus constraining lymphocytes to the germinal center
REFERENCE   7  (bases 1 to 3281)
  AUTHORS   Natkunam,Y., Lossos,I.S., Taidi,B., Zhao,S., Lu,X., Ding,F.,
            Hammer,A.S., Marafioti,T., Byrne,G.E. Jr., Levy,S., Warnke,R.A. and
            Levy,R.
  TITLE     Expression of the human germinal center-associated lymphoma (HGAL)
            protein, a new marker of germinal center B-cell derivation
  JOURNAL   Blood 105 (10), 3979-3986 (2005)
   PUBMED   15677569
  REMARK    GeneRIF: The restricted expression and germinal center specificity
            of HGAL protein suggest that it may have an important role in the
            diagnosis of specific lymphomas
REFERENCE   8  (bases 1 to 3281)
  AUTHORS   Lu,X., Nechushtan,H., Ding,F., Rosado,M.F., Singal,R.,
            Alizadeh,A.A. and Lossos,I.S.
  TITLE     Distinct IL-4-induced gene expression, proliferation, and
            intracellular signaling in germinal center B-cell-like and
            activated B-cell-like diffuse large-cell lymphomas
  JOURNAL   Blood 105 (7), 2924-2932 (2005)
   PUBMED   15591113
REFERENCE   9  (bases 1 to 3281)
  AUTHORS   Pan,Z., Shen,Y., Du,C., Zhou,G., Rosenwald,A., Staudt,L.M.,
            Greiner,T.C., McKeithan,T.W. and Chan,W.C.
  TITLE     Two newly characterized germinal center B-cell-associated genes,
            GCET1 and GCET2, have differential expression in normal and
            neoplastic B cells
  JOURNAL   Am J Pathol 163 (1), 135-144 (2003)
   PUBMED   12819018
  REMARK    GeneRIF: Results report the cloning of germinal center B-cell
            expressed transcripts 1 and 2 (GCET1 and 2), and show that both are
            expressed in follicular lymphoma and diffuse large B-cell lymphoma
            with germinal center B-cell differentiation
REFERENCE   10 (bases 1 to 3281)
  AUTHORS   Lossos,I.S., Alizadeh,A.A., Rajapaksa,R., Tibshirani,R. and Levy,R.
  TITLE     HGAL is a novel interleukin-4-inducible gene that strongly predicts
            survival in diffuse large B-cell lymphoma
  JOURNAL   Blood 101 (2), 433-440 (2003)
   PUBMED   12509382
  REMARK    GeneRIF: gene is induced by IL4 and expression strongly predicts
            survival in diffuse large B-cell lymphoma
            GeneRIF: results report the cloning of HGAL, a germinal center its
            expression pattern in normal tissues and hematologic malignancies,
            its induction by IL4, and the prognostic significance of its
            expression in predicting survival in diffuse large B-cell lymphoma
COMMENT     REVIEWED REFSEQ: This record has been curated by NCBI staff. The
            reference sequence was derived from AF521911.1, AC128688.4 and
            AY212246.1.
            
            On Nov 22, 2018 this sequence version replaced NM_152785.4.
            
            Summary: This gene encodes a protein which may function in signal
            transduction pathways and whose expression is elevated in germinal
            cell lymphomas. It contains a putative PDZ-interacting domain, an
            immunoreceptor tyrosine-based activation motif (ITAM), and two
            putative SH2 binding sites. In B cells, its expression is
            specifically induced by interleukin-4. Alternative splicing results
            in multiple transcript variants encoding different isoforms.
            [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008].
            
            Transcript Variant: This variant (1) encodes isoform 1.
            
            Sequence Note: This RefSeq record was created from transcript and
            genomic sequence data to make the sequence consistent with the
            reference genome assembly. The genomic coordinates used for the
            transcript record were based on transcript alignments.
            
            Publication Note:  This RefSeq record includes a subset of the
            publications that are available for this gene. Please see the Gene
            record to access additional publications.
            
            ##Evidence-Data-START##
            Transcript exon combination :: AY212246.1, SRR1163657.162360.1
                                           [ECO:0000332]
            RNAseq introns              :: mixed sample support SAMEA1965299,
                                           SAMEA1966682 [ECO:0006172]
            ##Evidence-Data-END##
            
            ##RefSeq-Attributes-START##
            MANE Ensembl match     :: ENST00000308910.9/ ENSP00000309487.4
            RefSeq Select criteria :: based on conservation, expression
            ##RefSeq-Attributes-END##
            COMPLETENESS: full length.
PRIMARY     REFSEQ_SPAN         PRIMARY_IDENTIFIER PRIMARY_SPAN        COMP
            1-1610              AF521911.1         45-1654
            1611-3204           AC128688.4         72216-73809
            3205-3279           AY212246.1         3183-3257
            3280-3281           AC128688.4         73885-73886
FEATURES             Location/Qualifiers
     source          1..3281
                     /organism="Homo sapiens"
                     /mol_type="mRNA"
                     /db_xref="taxon:9606"
                     /chromosome="3"
                     /map="3q13.2"
     gene            1..3281
                     /gene="GCSAM"
                     /gene_synonym="GCAT2; GCET2; HGAL"
                     /note="germinal center associated signaling and motility"
                     /db_xref="GeneID:257144"
                     /db_xref="HGNC:HGNC:20253"
                     /db_xref="MIM:607792"
     exon            1..157
                     /gene="GCSAM"
                     /gene_synonym="GCAT2; GCET2; HGAL"
                     /inference="alignment:Splign:2.1.0"
     CDS             129..665
                     /gene="GCSAM"
                     /gene_synonym="GCAT2; GCET2; HGAL"
                     /note="isoform 1 is encoded by transcript variant 1;
                     germinal center B-cell-expressed transcript 2 protein;
                     germinal center-associated lymphoma protein; human
                     germinal center-associated lymphoma; germinal center
                     expressed transcript 2; germinal center-associated
                     signaling and motility protein"
                     /codon_start=1
                     /product="germinal center-associated signaling and
                     motility protein isoform 1"
                     /protein_id="NP_689998.1"
                     /db_xref="CCDS:CCDS2964.1"
                     /db_xref="GeneID:257144"
                     /db_xref="HGNC:HGNC:20253"
                     /db_xref="MIM:607792"
                     /translation="MGNSLLRENRRQQNTQEMPWNVRMQSPKQRTSRCWDHHIAEGCF
                     CLPWKKILIFEKRQDSQNENERMSSTPIQDNVDQTYSEELCYTLINHRVLCTRPSGNS
                     AEEYYENVPCKAERPRESLGGTETEYSLLHMPSTDPRHARSPEDEYELLMPHRISSHF
                     LQQPRPLMAPSETQFSHL"
     exon            158..226
                     /gene="GCSAM"
                     /gene_synonym="GCAT2; GCET2; HGAL"
                     /inference="alignment:Splign:2.1.0"
     exon            227..271
                     /gene="GCSAM"
                     /gene_synonym="GCAT2; GCET2; HGAL"
                     /inference="alignment:Splign:2.1.0"
     exon            272..318
                     /gene="GCSAM"
                     /gene_synonym="GCAT2; GCET2; HGAL"
                     /inference="alignment:Splign:2.1.0"
     exon            319..347
                     /gene="GCSAM"
                     /gene_synonym="GCAT2; GCET2; HGAL"
                     /inference="alignment:Splign:2.1.0"
     exon            348..3281
                     /gene="GCSAM"
                     /gene_synonym="GCAT2; GCET2; HGAL"
                     /inference="alignment:Splign:2.1.0"
     regulatory      1562..1567
                     /regulatory_class="polyA_signal_sequence"
                     /gene="GCSAM"
                     /gene_synonym="GCAT2; GCET2; HGAL"
                     /note="hexamer: AATAAA"
     polyA_site      1593
                     /gene="GCSAM"
                     /gene_synonym="GCAT2; GCET2; HGAL"
                     /note="major polyA site"
     polyA_site      1613
                     /gene="GCSAM"
                     /gene_synonym="GCAT2; GCET2; HGAL"
     regulatory      1992..1997
                     /regulatory_class="polyA_signal_sequence"
                     /gene="GCSAM"
                     /gene_synonym="GCAT2; GCET2; HGAL"
                     /note="hexamer: CATAAA"
     polyA_site      2013
                     /gene="GCSAM"
                     /gene_synonym="GCAT2; GCET2; HGAL"
     regulatory      3000..3005
                     /regulatory_class="polyA_signal_sequence"
                     /gene="GCSAM"
                     /gene_synonym="GCAT2; GCET2; HGAL"
                     /note="hexamer: TATAAA"
     polyA_site      3017
                     /gene="GCSAM"
                     /gene_synonym="GCAT2; GCET2; HGAL"
     regulatory      3258..3263
                     /regulatory_class="polyA_signal_sequence"
                     /gene="GCSAM"
                     /gene_synonym="GCAT2; GCET2; HGAL"
                     /note="hexamer: AATAAA"
     polyA_site      3281
                     /gene="GCSAM"
                     /gene_synonym="GCAT2; GCET2; HGAL"
ORIGIN      
        1 ctgctgtctc tgcacgggtg gccagagcca cacagccctt tctttaagtc aggagttgcc
       61 ctgtcagagc acaaggcaag aaggaagtgg taaagggacg gaggggaagc cctgagagga
      121 ctgagaggat gggaaattct ctgctgagag aaaacaggcg gcagcagaac actcaagaga
      181 tgccttggaa tgtgagaatg caaagcccca aacagagaac atccagatgc tgggatcacc
      241 atatcgctga agggtgtttc tgccttccat ggaaaaaaat actcattttt gaaaagaggc
      301 aagattccca aaacgaaaat gaaagaatgt catctactcc catccaggac aatgttgacc
      361 agacctactc agaggagctg tgctataccc tcatcaatca tcgggttctc tgtacaaggc
      421 catcagggaa ctctgctgaa gagtactatg agaatgttcc ctgcaaagct gagagaccca
      481 gagagtcctt gggaggaact gagactgagt attcacttct acatatgcct tctacagacc
      541 ccaggcatgc ccgatcccca gaagatgaat atgaacttct catgcctcac agaatctcct
      601 ctcactttct gcaacagcca cgtccactta tggccccttc tgagactcag ttttcccatt
      661 tatagtgaag tggctggact agcatttgtt tagcaccaac aaataaaagg tgggatgggg
      721 gatctgcctg aagcagggat gggacacaaa gtccctccag cttatctccc acaacaaccc
      781 tttccctgca gagcatggtt tgtataccac aagccctctt agcacgcaaa agccaaaatc
      841 taaagatcaa ccatttatcc tgaacaacac catttgagaa agaggtaacc atctttggtt
      901 ctacatggtt tggagagtat agtggtagga ggggctccct gattccccta aagctatgca
      961 caccacaagg ggctctgctc ttctgtctgg gatcttctta taaagtgttc ccatgatcat
     1021 tctctaaagt cacaaggaag ctttactcat catactaagt gtgcccaagg gggagttcac
     1081 tcattactgt gaccttccag ctcagtcccc acccatggga gcctgtgttg ctcctctcac
     1141 tccatgtgtc taagtcatgt cttttacata gtgtcctttg acctgttggc ccccatggtc
     1201 tggttagtta tgtgagttga atcaagaggc tctaggccag atgtttacat aattttaacc
     1261 tatatgattt tatttttaac tttgtatttc tccctagaaa tcttaataag acaattatgc
     1321 catcagacaa tgttaagaag aacgatcctt ggagatcccg taatcccact acccttcttt
     1381 ggctcagaga ggataatttg cctaatgata cattaaagtt agtggcaaaa cttaatttgg
     1441 agcctgattt cctactgact tccaatttag tgctccccca gtatgctaaa tagaaagccc
     1501 tctgcaatat attaaatgta tactaaatgt atatatttaa taatgtcatg tataaaatat
     1561 gaataaaatg tccacatagg aaattaacac atatatacct tctctgataa gcactcctct
     1621 atgtgtcctg attatttact ttctcttatc ttttccttag tgttcctcaa attatatcta
     1681 tcctctaaac cagggatcag caaactataa cccccaggcc aaatctagcc cactccctgt
     1741 ttttatagat aaagatttgt tggaacacag ccacactcat ttgtttacct actatctatg
     1801 attgttcaac catgggagag ttgagtaatt gtgacatgga ccataggccc taaagagcca
     1861 aaataaatat actttggcac tttttggaaa aaaagtttgc agacacctgc cctaaatgat
     1921 tatagtttga gagaaactta acagaaatgt gtttggttac tgatgcataa gagcaagcac
     1981 caataaaatg gcataaaaat attaaatcac aaatggataa gtgagaccaa ggcaatttag
     2041 caaattctac tatttctgta ttcacacctg tgtcttccac ttgctgtttt atttaactca
     2101 cggctactgt cctaatttta gggatgctaa aatagtttgt tttaaaagag gtttgtttaa
     2161 gaaagcagta ggtacattat gtttactaga caggcccttg gaccagctaa gcgacaggga
     2221 acctggtaca ttatgtttag ttactgtttt cttctcaaag ttaaccaaag ctaaataact
     2281 ttcctatgta aaatgtgctg actcccaaaa gaggagaaat gcaatggctt gagcttgcat
     2341 gtgtcacagg tttgtggagc cttcagccag gtgatggtct tcagctaaag agccagctgc
     2401 atcttggtat ctcttcctct gctaacttcc tacttttagc aaaattcttt cacttggaac
     2461 tctagctgat ccttggccag gatcagatcc tcaaaaggaa atattcagtt agcagtggat
     2521 attgtacaag atgtaacatg gcttagagga aagagtgtag acccagcgac agatcatcag
     2581 tcactcaaat cctggttctc tctcttcctc catctgtgac tttgaacatg ctacttggag
     2641 gctcagcttc ttcaccatca acaggaggat tacatctaat gcaggcaatc atctattaca
     2701 gatgccgaat aaatgatatc aaagagcata gagaaacaaa aatcttttat gatgtacgga
     2761 aaaaaaccat gctgatacag ctggctattc agggtcaccc agcagtcctc cagcaaggta
     2821 gaaacaccaa atcaatgagt ttatgctaga atttttcaca tggccactgg accattgtgg
     2881 aagtagactg gttgaaatat tcttagtatg acatagtaag ttatatttgt ttgaacctta
     2941 tcctgtgaaa gcattatctg tcccaaacag tatatgcctt ttatcaggga cacattaaat
     3001 ataaatgttt aaccaaagaa agttgttctt ataatgtaat tataacaggg atttataaga
     3061 gggaattata agagggatta tgaaagggaa ttacttttga gcaaggggag ccatttggga
     3121 gtgcttcaag atacccaata tgatatacac aattatgatt tgtcagtcaa aaataatatt
     3181 aagaacaaaa aaagagttaa aaaattctga tatgagtgta atatacttaa tatgtaggat
     3241 gtctcaaatt tccagtaaat aaattttaat gtcccaaaat a
//
