LOCUS       NM_001040092            3086 bp    mRNA    linear   PRI 24-SEP-2024
DEFINITION  Homo sapiens ectonucleotide pyrophosphatase/phosphodiesterase 2
            (ENPP2), transcript variant 2, mRNA.
ACCESSION   NM_001040092
VERSION     NM_001040092.3
KEYWORDS    RefSeq; MANE Select.
SOURCE      Homo sapiens (human)
  ORGANISM  Homo sapiens
            Eukaryota; Metazoa; Chordata; Craniata; Vertebrata; Euteleostomi;
            Mammalia; Eutheria; Euarchontoglires; Primates; Haplorrhini;
            Catarrhini; Hominidae; Homo.
REFERENCE   1  (bases 1 to 3086)
  AUTHORS   Tsutsumi,T., Taira,S., Matsuda,R., Kageyama,C., Wada,M.,
            Kitayama,T., Morioka,N., Morita,K., Tsuboi,K., Yamazaki,N.,
            Kido,J., Nagata,T., Dohi,T. and Tokumura,A.
  TITLE     Lysophospholipase D activity on oral mucosa cells in whole mixed
            human saliva involves in production of bioactive lysophosphatidic
            acid from lysophosphatidylcholine
  JOURNAL   Prostaglandins Other Lipid Mediat 174, 106881 (2024)
   PUBMED   39134206
  REMARK    GeneRIF: Lysophospholipase D activity on oral mucosa cells in whole
            mixed human saliva involves in production of bioactive
            lysophosphatidic acid from lysophosphatidylcholine.
REFERENCE   2  (bases 1 to 3086)
  AUTHORS   Yang,F., Fan,X. and Yang,L.
  TITLE     Dysregulation of the LPC-ATX-LPA axis in autoimmune hepatitis is
            associated with monocyte activation
  JOURNAL   J Hepatol 80 (1), e14-e16 (2024)
   PUBMED   37392838
  REMARK    GeneRIF: Dysregulation of the LPC-ATX-LPA axis in autoimmune
            hepatitis is associated with monocyte activation.
REFERENCE   3  (bases 1 to 3086)
  AUTHORS   Toyohara,T., Yoshida,M., Miyabe,K., Hayashi,K., Naitoh,I.,
            Kondo,H., Hori,Y., Kato,A., Kachi,K., Asano,G., Sahashi,H.,
            Adachi,A., Kuno,K., Kito,Y., Matsuo,Y. and Kataoka,H.
  TITLE     Dual role of autotaxin as novel biomarker and therapeutic target in
            pancreatic neuroendocrine neoplasms
  JOURNAL   Cancer Sci 114 (12), 4571-4582 (2023)
   PUBMED   37770812
  REMARK    GeneRIF: Dual role of autotaxin as novel biomarker and therapeutic
            target in pancreatic neuroendocrine neoplasms.
REFERENCE   4  (bases 1 to 3086)
  AUTHORS   Baspinar,A., Ozkan,D., Tokgoz,S., Ozkardes,A.B. and Kaya,I.O.
  TITLE     Diagnostic value of serum autotaxin level in colorectal cancer
  JOURNAL   Biomark Med 17 (19), 787-798 (2023)
   PUBMED   38095984
  REMARK    GeneRIF: Diagnostic value of serum autotaxin level in colorectal
            cancer.
REFERENCE   5  (bases 1 to 3086)
  AUTHORS   Inoue,K., Tanaka,N., Haga,A., Yamasaki,K., Umeda,T., Kusakabe,Y.,
            Sakamoto,Y., Nonaka,T., Deyashiki,Y. and Nakamura,K.T.
  TITLE     Crystallization and preliminary X-ray crystallographic analysis of
            human autotaxin
  JOURNAL   Acta Crystallogr Sect F Struct Biol Cryst Commun 67 (Pt 4), 450-453
            (2011)
   PUBMED   21505238
  REMARK    GeneRIF: X-ray diffraction of autotaxin data were collected to 3.0
            A resolution from a monoclinic crystal form belonging to space
            group C2, with unit-cell parameters a = 311.4, b = 147.9, c = 176.9
            A, beta = 122.6 degrees
REFERENCE   6  (bases 1 to 3086)
  AUTHORS   Jansen,S., Stefan,C., Creemers,J.W., Waelkens,E., Van Eynde,A.,
            Stalmans,W. and Bollen,M.
  TITLE     Proteolytic maturation and activation of autotaxin (NPP2), a
            secreted metastasis-enhancing lysophospholipase D
  JOURNAL   J Cell Sci 118 (Pt 14), 3081-3089 (2005)
   PUBMED   15985467
REFERENCE   7  (bases 1 to 3086)
  AUTHORS   Lee,H.Y., Murata,J., Clair,T., Polymeropoulos,M.H., Torres,R.,
            Manrow,R.E., Liotta,L.A. and Stracke,M.L.
  TITLE     Cloning, chromosomal localization, and tissue expression of
            autotaxin from human teratocarcinoma cells
  JOURNAL   Biochem Biophys Res Commun 218 (3), 714-719 (1996)
   PUBMED   8579579
REFERENCE   8  (bases 1 to 3086)
  AUTHORS   Stracke,M.L., Arestad,A., Levine,M., Krutzsch,H.C. and Liotta,L.A.
  TITLE     Autotaxin is an N-linked glycoprotein but the sugar moieties are
            not needed for its stimulation of cellular motility
  JOURNAL   Melanoma Res 5 (4), 203-209 (1995)
   PUBMED   7496154
REFERENCE   9  (bases 1 to 3086)
  AUTHORS   Murata,J., Lee,H.Y., Clair,T., Krutzsch,H.C., Arestad,A.A.,
            Sobel,M.E., Liotta,L.A. and Stracke,M.L.
  TITLE     cDNA cloning of the human tumor motility-stimulating protein,
            autotaxin, reveals a homology with phosphodiesterases
  JOURNAL   J Biol Chem 269 (48), 30479-30484 (1994)
   PUBMED   7982964
REFERENCE   10 (bases 1 to 3086)
  AUTHORS   Stracke,M.L., Krutzsch,H.C., Unsworth,E.J., Arestad,A., Cioce,V.,
            Schiffmann,E. and Liotta,L.A.
  TITLE     Identification, purification, and partial sequence analysis of
            autotaxin, a novel motility-stimulating protein
  JOURNAL   J Biol Chem 267 (4), 2524-2529 (1992)
   PUBMED   1733949
COMMENT     REVIEWED REFSEQ: This record has been curated by NCBI staff. The
            reference sequence was derived from AK315253.1, DA922156.1 and
            AI375195.1.
            This sequence is a reference standard in the RefSeqGene project.
            
            On Jun 2, 2019 this sequence version replaced NM_001040092.2.
            
            Summary: The protein encoded by this gene functions as both a
            phosphodiesterase, which cleaves phosphodiester bonds at the 5' end
            of oligonucleotides, and a phospholipase, which catalyzes
            production of lysophosphatidic acid (LPA) in extracellular fluids.
            LPA evokes growth factor-like responses including stimulation of
            cell proliferation and chemotaxis. This gene product stimulates the
            motility of tumor cells and has angiogenic properties, and its
            expression is upregulated in several kinds of carcinomas. The gene
            product is secreted and further processed to make the biologically
            active form. Several alternatively spliced transcript variants
            encoding different isoforms have been identified. [provided by
            RefSeq, Aug 2008].
            
            Transcript Variant: This variant (2) lacks an exon in the coding
            region, but maintains the reading frame, compared to variant 1. The
            encoded isoform (2, also known as beta) is shorter than isoform 1.
            
            Publication Note:  This RefSeq record includes a subset of the
            publications that are available for this gene. Please see the Gene
            record to access additional publications.
            
            ##Evidence-Data-START##
            Transcript exon combination :: BC034961.2, SRR1803611.16553.1
                                           [ECO:0000332]
            RNAseq introns              :: mixed sample support SAMEA1965299,
                                           SAMEA1966682 [ECO:0006172]
            ##Evidence-Data-END##
            
            ##RefSeq-Attributes-START##
            MANE Ensembl match     :: ENST00000075322.11/ ENSP00000075322.6
            RefSeq Select criteria :: based on conservation, expression
            ##RefSeq-Attributes-END##
            COMPLETENESS: complete on the 3' end.
PRIMARY     REFSEQ_SPAN         PRIMARY_IDENTIFIER PRIMARY_SPAN        COMP
            1-1535              AK315253.1         1-1535
            1536-1536           DA922156.1         515-515
            1537-2651           AK315253.1         1537-2651
            2652-3086           AI375195.1         15-449              c
FEATURES             Location/Qualifiers
     source          1..3086
                     /organism="Homo sapiens"
                     /mol_type="mRNA"
                     /db_xref="taxon:9606"
                     /chromosome="8"
                     /map="8q24.12"
     gene            1..3086
                     /gene="ENPP2"
                     /gene_synonym="ATX; ATX-X; AUTOTAXIN; LysoPLD; NPP2;
                     PD-IALPHA; PDNP2"
                     /note="ectonucleotide pyrophosphatase/phosphodiesterase 2"
                     /db_xref="GeneID:5168"
                     /db_xref="HGNC:HGNC:3357"
                     /db_xref="MIM:601060"
     exon            1..92
                     /gene="ENPP2"
                     /gene_synonym="ATX; ATX-X; AUTOTAXIN; LysoPLD; NPP2;
                     PD-IALPHA; PDNP2"
                     /inference="alignment:Splign:2.1.0"
     CDS             60..2651
                     /gene="ENPP2"
                     /gene_synonym="ATX; ATX-X; AUTOTAXIN; LysoPLD; NPP2;
                     PD-IALPHA; PDNP2"
                     /EC_number="3.1.4.4"
                     /EC_number="3.1.4.39"
                     /note="isoform 2 preproprotein is encoded by transcript
                     variant 2; plasma lysophospholipase D; phosphodiesterase
                     I/nucleotide pyrophosphatase 2; autotaxin-t;
                     ectonucleotide pyrophosphatase/phosphodiesterase family
                     member 2; E-NPP 2; extracellular lysophospholipase D"
                     /codon_start=1
                     /product="autotaxin isoform 2 preproprotein"
                     /protein_id="NP_001035181.1"
                     /db_xref="CCDS:CCDS34936.1"
                     /db_xref="GeneID:5168"
                     /db_xref="HGNC:HGNC:3357"
                     /db_xref="MIM:601060"
                     /translation="MARRSSFQSCQIISLFTFAVGVNICLGFTAHRIKRAEGWEEGPP
                     TVLSDSPWTNISGSCKGRCFELQEAGPPDCRCDNLCKSYTSCCHDFDELCLKTARGWE
                     CTKDRCGEVRNEENACHCSEDCLARGDCCTNYQVVCKGESHWVDDDCEEIKAAECPAG
                     FVRPPLIIFSVDGFRASYMKKGSKVMPNIEKLRSCGTHSPYMRPVYPTKTFPNLYTLA
                     TGLYPESHGIVGNSMYDPVFDATFHLRGREKFNHRWWGGQPLWITATKQGVKAGTFFW
                     SVVIPHERRILTILQWLTLPDHERPSVYAFYSEQPDFSGHKYGPFGPEMTNPLREIDK
                     IVGQLMDGLKQLKLHRCVNVIFVGDHGMEDVTCDRTEFLSNYLTNVDDITLVPGTLGR
                     IRSKFSNNAKYDPKAIIANLTCKKPDQHFKPYLKQHLPKRLHYANNRRIEDIHLLVER
                     RWHVARKPLDVYKKPSGKCFFQGDHGFDNKVNSMQTVFVGYGSTFKYKTKVPPFENIE
                     LYNVMCDLLGLKPAPNNGTHGSLNHLLRTNTFRPTMPEEVTRPNYPGIMYLQSDFDLG
                     CTCDDKVEPKNKLDELNKRLHTKGSTEERHLLYGRPAVLYRTRYDILYHTDFESGYSE
                     IFLMPLWTSYTVSKQAEVSSVPDHLTSCVRPDVRVSPSFSQNCLAYKNDKQMSYGFLF
                     PPYLSSSPEAKYDAFLVTNMVPMYPAFKRVWNYFQRVLVKKYASERNGVNVISGPIFD
                     YDYDGLHDTEDKIKQYVEGSSIPVPTHYYSIITSCLDFTQPADKCDGPLSVSSFILPH
                     RPDNEESCNSSEDESKWVEELMKMHTARVRDIEHLTSLDFFRKTSRSYPEILTLKTYL
                     HTYESEI"
     exon            93..195
                     /gene="ENPP2"
                     /gene_synonym="ATX; ATX-X; AUTOTAXIN; LysoPLD; NPP2;
                     PD-IALPHA; PDNP2"
                     /inference="alignment:Splign:2.1.0"
     exon            196..351
                     /gene="ENPP2"
                     /gene_synonym="ATX; ATX-X; AUTOTAXIN; LysoPLD; NPP2;
                     PD-IALPHA; PDNP2"
                     /inference="alignment:Splign:2.1.0"
     exon            352..477
                     /gene="ENPP2"
                     /gene_synonym="ATX; ATX-X; AUTOTAXIN; LysoPLD; NPP2;
                     PD-IALPHA; PDNP2"
                     /inference="alignment:Splign:2.1.0"
     exon            478..538
                     /gene="ENPP2"
                     /gene_synonym="ATX; ATX-X; AUTOTAXIN; LysoPLD; NPP2;
                     PD-IALPHA; PDNP2"
                     /inference="alignment:Splign:2.1.0"
     exon            539..636
                     /gene="ENPP2"
                     /gene_synonym="ATX; ATX-X; AUTOTAXIN; LysoPLD; NPP2;
                     PD-IALPHA; PDNP2"
                     /inference="alignment:Splign:2.1.0"
     exon            637..716
                     /gene="ENPP2"
                     /gene_synonym="ATX; ATX-X; AUTOTAXIN; LysoPLD; NPP2;
                     PD-IALPHA; PDNP2"
                     /inference="alignment:Splign:2.1.0"
     exon            717..836
                     /gene="ENPP2"
                     /gene_synonym="ATX; ATX-X; AUTOTAXIN; LysoPLD; NPP2;
                     PD-IALPHA; PDNP2"
                     /inference="alignment:Splign:2.1.0"
     exon            837..892
                     /gene="ENPP2"
                     /gene_synonym="ATX; ATX-X; AUTOTAXIN; LysoPLD; NPP2;
                     PD-IALPHA; PDNP2"
                     /inference="alignment:Splign:2.1.0"
     exon            893..958
                     /gene="ENPP2"
                     /gene_synonym="ATX; ATX-X; AUTOTAXIN; LysoPLD; NPP2;
                     PD-IALPHA; PDNP2"
                     /inference="alignment:Splign:2.1.0"
     exon            959..1031
                     /gene="ENPP2"
                     /gene_synonym="ATX; ATX-X; AUTOTAXIN; LysoPLD; NPP2;
                     PD-IALPHA; PDNP2"
                     /inference="alignment:Splign:2.1.0"
     exon            1032..1140
                     /gene="ENPP2"
                     /gene_synonym="ATX; ATX-X; AUTOTAXIN; LysoPLD; NPP2;
                     PD-IALPHA; PDNP2"
                     /inference="alignment:Splign:2.1.0"
     exon            1141..1266
                     /gene="ENPP2"
                     /gene_synonym="ATX; ATX-X; AUTOTAXIN; LysoPLD; NPP2;
                     PD-IALPHA; PDNP2"
                     /inference="alignment:Splign:2.1.0"
     exon            1267..1298
                     /gene="ENPP2"
                     /gene_synonym="ATX; ATX-X; AUTOTAXIN; LysoPLD; NPP2;
                     PD-IALPHA; PDNP2"
                     /inference="alignment:Splign:2.1.0"
     exon            1299..1426
                     /gene="ENPP2"
                     /gene_synonym="ATX; ATX-X; AUTOTAXIN; LysoPLD; NPP2;
                     PD-IALPHA; PDNP2"
                     /inference="alignment:Splign:2.1.0"
     exon            1427..1514
                     /gene="ENPP2"
                     /gene_synonym="ATX; ATX-X; AUTOTAXIN; LysoPLD; NPP2;
                     PD-IALPHA; PDNP2"
                     /inference="alignment:Splign:2.1.0"
     exon            1515..1602
                     /gene="ENPP2"
                     /gene_synonym="ATX; ATX-X; AUTOTAXIN; LysoPLD; NPP2;
                     PD-IALPHA; PDNP2"
                     /inference="alignment:Splign:2.1.0"
     exon            1603..1787
                     /gene="ENPP2"
                     /gene_synonym="ATX; ATX-X; AUTOTAXIN; LysoPLD; NPP2;
                     PD-IALPHA; PDNP2"
                     /inference="alignment:Splign:2.1.0"
     exon            1788..1839
                     /gene="ENPP2"
                     /gene_synonym="ATX; ATX-X; AUTOTAXIN; LysoPLD; NPP2;
                     PD-IALPHA; PDNP2"
                     /inference="alignment:Splign:2.1.0"
     exon            1840..1976
                     /gene="ENPP2"
                     /gene_synonym="ATX; ATX-X; AUTOTAXIN; LysoPLD; NPP2;
                     PD-IALPHA; PDNP2"
                     /inference="alignment:Splign:2.1.0"
     exon            1977..2112
                     /gene="ENPP2"
                     /gene_synonym="ATX; ATX-X; AUTOTAXIN; LysoPLD; NPP2;
                     PD-IALPHA; PDNP2"
                     /inference="alignment:Splign:2.1.0"
     exon            2113..2190
                     /gene="ENPP2"
                     /gene_synonym="ATX; ATX-X; AUTOTAXIN; LysoPLD; NPP2;
                     PD-IALPHA; PDNP2"
                     /inference="alignment:Splign:2.1.0"
     exon            2191..2323
                     /gene="ENPP2"
                     /gene_synonym="ATX; ATX-X; AUTOTAXIN; LysoPLD; NPP2;
                     PD-IALPHA; PDNP2"
                     /inference="alignment:Splign:2.1.0"
     exon            2324..2480
                     /gene="ENPP2"
                     /gene_synonym="ATX; ATX-X; AUTOTAXIN; LysoPLD; NPP2;
                     PD-IALPHA; PDNP2"
                     /inference="alignment:Splign:2.1.0"
     exon            2481..3086
                     /gene="ENPP2"
                     /gene_synonym="ATX; ATX-X; AUTOTAXIN; LysoPLD; NPP2;
                     PD-IALPHA; PDNP2"
                     /inference="alignment:Splign:2.1.0"
     regulatory      3065..3070
                     /regulatory_class="polyA_signal_sequence"
                     /gene="ENPP2"
                     /gene_synonym="ATX; ATX-X; AUTOTAXIN; LysoPLD; NPP2;
                     PD-IALPHA; PDNP2"
                     /note="hexamer: AATAAA"
     polyA_site      3086
                     /gene="ENPP2"
                     /gene_synonym="ATX; ATX-X; AUTOTAXIN; LysoPLD; NPP2;
                     PD-IALPHA; PDNP2"
                     /note="major polyA site"
ORIGIN      
        1 agtgcactcc gtgaaggcaa agagaacacg ctgcaaaagg ctttccaaga atcctcgaca
       61 tggcaaggag gagctcgttc cagtcgtgtc agataatatc cctgttcact tttgccgttg
      121 gagtcaatat ctgcttagga ttcactgcac atcgaattaa gagagcagaa ggatgggagg
      181 aaggtcctcc tacagtgcta tcagactccc cctggaccaa catctccgga tcttgcaagg
      241 gcaggtgctt tgaacttcaa gaggctggac ctcctgattg tcgctgtgac aacttgtgta
      301 agagctatac cagttgctgc catgactttg atgagctgtg tttgaagaca gcccgtggct
      361 gggagtgtac taaggacaga tgtggagaag tcagaaatga agaaaatgcc tgtcactgct
      421 cagaggactg cttggccagg ggagactgct gtaccaatta ccaagtggtt tgcaaaggag
      481 agtcgcattg ggttgatgat gactgtgagg aaataaaggc cgcagaatgc cctgcagggt
      541 ttgttcgccc tccattaatc atcttctccg tggatggctt ccgtgcatca tacatgaaga
      601 aaggcagcaa agtcatgcct aatattgaaa aactaaggtc ttgtggcaca cactctccct
      661 acatgaggcc ggtgtaccca actaaaacct ttcctaactt atacactttg gccactgggc
      721 tatatccaga atcacatgga attgttggca attcaatgta tgatcctgta tttgatgcca
      781 cttttcatct gcgagggcga gagaaattta atcatagatg gtggggaggt caaccgctat
      841 ggattacagc caccaagcaa ggggtgaaag ctggaacatt cttttggtct gttgtcatcc
      901 ctcacgagcg gagaatatta accatattgc agtggctcac cctgccagat catgagaggc
      961 cttcggtcta tgccttctat tctgagcaac ctgatttctc tggacacaaa tatggccctt
     1021 tcggccctga gatgacaaat cctctgaggg aaatcgacaa aattgtgggg caattaatgg
     1081 atggactgaa acaactaaaa ctgcatcggt gtgtcaacgt catctttgtc ggagaccatg
     1141 gaatggaaga tgtcacatgt gatagaactg agttcttgag taattaccta actaatgtgg
     1201 atgatattac tttagtgcct ggaactctag gaagaattcg atccaaattt agcaacaatg
     1261 ctaaatatga ccccaaagcc attattgcca atctcacgtg taaaaaacca gatcagcact
     1321 ttaagcctta cttgaaacag caccttccca aacgtttgca ctatgccaac aacagaagaa
     1381 ttgaggatat ccatttattg gtggaacgca gatggcatgt tgcaaggaaa cctttggatg
     1441 tttataagaa accatcagga aaatgctttt tccagggaga ccacggattt gataacaagg
     1501 tcaacagcat gcagactgtt tttgtaggtt atggctcaac atttaagtac aagactaaag
     1561 tgcctccatt tgaaaacatt gaactttaca atgttatgtg tgatctcctg ggattgaagc
     1621 cagctcctaa taatgggacc catggaagtt tgaatcatct cctgcgcact aataccttca
     1681 ggccaaccat gccagaggaa gttaccagac ccaattatcc agggattatg taccttcagt
     1741 ctgattttga cctgggctgc acttgtgatg ataaggtaga gccaaagaac aagttggatg
     1801 aactcaacaa acggcttcat acaaaagggt ctacagaaga gagacacctc ctctatgggc
     1861 gacctgcagt gctttatcgg actagatatg atatcttata tcacactgac tttgaaagtg
     1921 gttatagtga aatattccta atgccactct ggacatcata tactgtttcc aaacaggctg
     1981 aggtttccag cgttcctgac catctgacca gttgcgtccg gcctgatgtc cgtgtttctc
     2041 cgagtttcag tcagaactgt ttggcctaca aaaatgataa gcagatgtcc tacggattcc
     2101 tctttcctcc ttatctgagc tcttcaccag aggctaaata tgatgcattc cttgtaacca
     2161 atatggttcc aatgtatcct gctttcaaac gggtctggaa ttatttccaa agggtattgg
     2221 tgaagaaata tgcttcggaa agaaatggag ttaacgtgat aagtggacca atcttcgact
     2281 atgactatga tggcttacat gacacagaag acaaaataaa acagtacgtg gaaggcagtt
     2341 ccattcctgt tccaactcac tactacagca tcatcaccag ctgtctggat ttcactcagc
     2401 ctgccgacaa gtgtgacggc cctctctctg tgtcctcctt catcctgcct caccggcctg
     2461 acaacgagga gagctgcaat agctcagagg acgaatcaaa atgggtagaa gaactcatga
     2521 agatgcacac agctagggtg cgtgacattg aacatctcac cagcctggac ttcttccgaa
     2581 agaccagccg cagctaccca gaaatcctga cactcaagac atacctgcat acatatgaga
     2641 gcgagattta actttctgag catctgcagt acagtcttat caactggttg tatattttta
     2701 tattgttttt gtatttatta atttgaaacc aggacattaa aaatgttagt attttaatcc
     2761 tgtaccaaat ctgacatatt atgcctgaat gactccactg tttttctcta atgcttgatt
     2821 taggtagcct tgtgttctga gtagagcttg taataaatac tgcagcttga gtttttagtg
     2881 gaagcttcta aatggtgctg cagatttgat atttgcattg aggaaatatt aattttccaa
     2941 tgcacagttg ccacatttag tcctgtactg tatggaaaca ctgattttgt aaagttgcct
     3001 ttatttgctg ttaactgtta actatgacag atatatttaa gccttataaa ccaatcttaa
     3061 acataataaa tcacacattc agtttt
//
