LOCUS       NM_004435               1145 bp    mRNA    linear   PRI 09-FEB-2025
DEFINITION  Homo sapiens endonuclease G (ENDOG), mRNA; nuclear gene for
            mitochondrial product.
ACCESSION   NM_004435
VERSION     NM_004435.2
KEYWORDS    RefSeq; MANE Select.
SOURCE      Homo sapiens (human)
  ORGANISM  Homo sapiens
            Eukaryota; Metazoa; Chordata; Craniata; Vertebrata; Euteleostomi;
            Mammalia; Eutheria; Euarchontoglires; Primates; Haplorrhini;
            Catarrhini; Hominidae; Homo.
REFERENCE   1  (bases 1 to 1145)
  AUTHORS   Zhdanov,D.D., Gladilina,Y.A. and Shisparenok,A.N.
  TITLE     Apoptotic endonuclease EndoG induces alternative splicing of
            Caspase-2
  JOURNAL   Biomed Khim 70 (4), 218-230 (2024)
   PUBMED   39239896
  REMARK    GeneRIF: Apoptotic endonuclease EndoG induces alternative splicing
            of Caspase-2.
            Review article
REFERENCE   2  (bases 1 to 1145)
  AUTHORS   Yang,J. and Kou,X.
  TITLE     Endonuclease G promotes preeclampsia by regulating the Wnt
            signaling pathway
  JOURNAL   Autoimmunity 56 (1), 2182741 (2023)
   PUBMED   36852641
  REMARK    GeneRIF: Endonuclease G promotes preeclampsia by regulating the Wnt
            signaling pathway.
REFERENCE   3  (bases 1 to 1145)
  AUTHORS   Dahal,S., Siddiqua,H., Sharma,S., Babu,R.K., Rathore,D., Sharma,S.
            and Raghavan,S.C.
  TITLE     Unleashing a novel function of Endonuclease G in mitochondrial
            genome instability
  JOURNAL   Elife 11, e69916 (2022)
   PUBMED   36394256
  REMARK    GeneRIF: Unleashing a novel function of Endonuclease G in
            mitochondrial genome instability.
            Publication Status: Online-Only
REFERENCE   4  (bases 1 to 1145)
  AUTHORS   Eker,C., Bilir,M.U., Celik,H.G., Balci,B.K. and Gunel,T.
  TITLE     Assessment of the Role of Nuclear ENDOG Gene and mtDNA Variations
            on Paternal Mitochondrial Elimination (PME) in Infertile Men: An
            Experimental Study
  JOURNAL   Reprod Sci 29 (8), 2208-2222 (2022)
   PUBMED   35477840
  REMARK    GeneRIF: Assessment of the Role of Nuclear ENDOG Gene and mtDNA
            Variations on Paternal Mitochondrial Elimination (PME) in Infertile
            Men: An Experimental Study.
            Erratum:[Reprod Sci. 2022 Aug;29(8):2223. doi:
            10.1007/s43032-022-00963-6.. PMID: 35508586]
REFERENCE   5  (bases 1 to 1145)
  AUTHORS   Morgenstern,M., Peikert,C.D., Lubbert,P., Suppanz,I., Klemm,C.,
            Alka,O., Steiert,C., Naumenko,N., Schendzielorz,A., Melchionda,L.,
            Muhlhauser,W.W.D., Knapp,B., Busch,J.D., Stiller,S.B.,
            Dannenmaier,S., Lindau,C., Licheva,M., Eickhorst,C., Galbusera,R.,
            Zerbes,R.M., Ryan,M.T., Kraft,C., Kozjak-Pavlovic,V., Drepper,F.,
            Dennerlein,S., Oeljeklaus,S., Pfanner,N., Wiedemann,N. and
            Warscheid,B.
  TITLE     Quantitative high-confidence human mitochondrial proteome and its
            dynamics in cellular context
  JOURNAL   Cell Metab 33 (12), 2464-2483 (2021)
   PUBMED   34800366
REFERENCE   6  (bases 1 to 1145)
  AUTHORS   Lemarie,A., Lagadic-Gossmann,D., Morzadec,C., Allain,N., Fardel,O.
            and Vernhet,L.
  TITLE     Cadmium induces caspase-independent apoptosis in liver Hep3B cells:
            role for calcium in signaling oxidative stress-related impairment
            of mitochondria and relocation of endonuclease G and
            apoptosis-inducing factor
  JOURNAL   Free Radic Biol Med 36 (12), 1517-1531 (2004)
   PUBMED   15182854
  REMARK    GeneRIF: endonuclease G and apoptosis-inducing factor are relocated
            and have roles in calcium induced signaling and oxidative
            stress-related impairment of mitochondria
REFERENCE   7  (bases 1 to 1145)
  AUTHORS   Ohsato,T., Ishihara,N., Muta,T., Umeda,S., Ikeda,S., Mihara,K.,
            Hamasaki,N. and Kang,D.
  TITLE     Mammalian mitochondrial endonuclease G. Digestion of R-loops and
            localization in intermembrane space
  JOURNAL   Eur J Biochem 269 (23), 5765-5770 (2002)
   PUBMED   12444964
  REMARK    GeneRIF: examination of submitochondrial localization and its
            ability to cleave R-loops in order to clarify role in mtDNA
            replication
REFERENCE   8  (bases 1 to 1145)
  AUTHORS   Li,L.Y., Luo,X. and Wang,X.
  TITLE     Endonuclease G is an apoptotic DNase when released from
            mitochondria
  JOURNAL   Nature 412 (6842), 95-99 (2001)
   PUBMED   11452314
REFERENCE   9  (bases 1 to 1145)
  AUTHORS   Prats,E., Noel,M., Letourneau,J., Tiranti,V., Vaque,J., Debon,R.,
            Zeviani,M., Cornudella,L. and Ruiz-Carrillo,A.
  TITLE     Characterization and expression of the mouse endonuclease G gene
  JOURNAL   DNA Cell Biol 16 (9), 1111-1122 (1997)
   PUBMED   9324313
REFERENCE   10 (bases 1 to 1145)
  AUTHORS   Tiranti,V., Rossi,E., Ruiz-Carrillo,A., Rossi,G., Rocchi,M.,
            DiDonato,S., Zuffardi,O. and Zeviani,M.
  TITLE     Chromosomal localization of mitochondrial transcription factor A
            (TCF6), single-stranded DNA-binding protein (SSBP), and
            endonuclease G (ENDOG), three human housekeeping genes involved in
            mitochondrial biogenesis
  JOURNAL   Genomics 25 (2), 559-564 (1995)
   PUBMED   7789991
COMMENT     REVIEWED REFSEQ: This record has been curated by NCBI staff. The
            reference sequence was derived from BC016351.1, X79444.1 and
            BC004922.2.
            This sequence is a reference standard in the RefSeqGene project.
            
            On Oct 4, 2004 this sequence version replaced NM_004435.1.
            
            Summary: The protein encoded by this gene is a nuclear encoded
            endonuclease that is localized in the mitochondrion. The encoded
            protein is widely distributed among animals and cleaves DNA at GC
            tracts. This protein is capable of generating the RNA primers
            required by DNA polymerase gamma to initiate replication of
            mitochondrial DNA. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008].
            
            Publication Note:  This RefSeq record includes a subset of the
            publications that are available for this gene. Please see the Gene
            record to access additional publications.
            
            ##Evidence-Data-START##
            Transcript exon combination :: BC016351.1, SRR1163658.345369.1
                                           [ECO:0000332]
            RNAseq introns              :: single sample supports all introns
                                           SAMEA1965299, SAMEA1966682
                                           [ECO:0000348]
            ##Evidence-Data-END##
            
            ##RefSeq-Attributes-START##
            gene product(s) localized to mito. :: reported by MitoCarta
            MANE Ensembl match                 :: ENST00000372642.5/
                                                  ENSP00000361725.4
            RefSeq Select criteria             :: based on conservation,
                                                  expression, longest protein
            ##RefSeq-Attributes-END##
            COMPLETENESS: complete on the 3' end.
PRIMARY     REFSEQ_SPAN         PRIMARY_IDENTIFIER PRIMARY_SPAN        COMP
            1-219               BC016351.1         31-249
            220-285             X79444.1           201-266
            286-1145            BC004922.2         161-1020
FEATURES             Location/Qualifiers
     source          1..1145
                     /organism="Homo sapiens"
                     /mol_type="mRNA"
                     /db_xref="taxon:9606"
                     /chromosome="9"
                     /map="9q34.11"
     gene            1..1145
                     /gene="ENDOG"
                     /note="endonuclease G"
                     /db_xref="GeneID:2021"
                     /db_xref="HGNC:HGNC:3346"
                     /db_xref="MIM:600440"
     exon            1..686
                     /gene="ENDOG"
                     /inference="alignment:Splign:2.1.0"
     CDS             186..1079
                     /gene="ENDOG"
                     /note="endonuclease G, mitochondrial; mitochondrial
                     endonuclease G; endo G"
                     /codon_start=1
                     /product="endonuclease G, mitochondrial precursor"
                     /protein_id="NP_004426.2"
                     /db_xref="CCDS:CCDS6912.1"
                     /db_xref="GeneID:2021"
                     /db_xref="HGNC:HGNC:3346"
                     /db_xref="MIM:600440"
                     /translation="MRALRAGLTLASGAGLGAVVEGWRRRREDARAAPGLLGRLPVLP
                     VAAAAELPPVPGGPRGPGELAKYGLPGLAQLKSRESYVLCYDPRTRGALWVVEQLRPE
                     RLRGDGDRRECDFREDDSVHAYHRATNADYRGSGFDRGHLAAAANHRWSQKAMDDTFY
                     LSNVAPQVPHLNQNAWNNLEKYSRSLTRSYQNVYVCTGPLFLPRTEADGKSYVKYQVI
                     GKNHVAVPTHFFKVLILEAAGGQIELRTYVMPNAPVDEAIPLERFLVPIESIERASGL
                     LFVPNILARAGSLKAITAGSK"
     exon            687..796
                     /gene="ENDOG"
                     /inference="alignment:Splign:2.1.0"
     exon            797..1145
                     /gene="ENDOG"
                     /inference="alignment:Splign:2.1.0"
     regulatory      1124..1129
                     /regulatory_class="polyA_signal_sequence"
                     /gene="ENDOG"
                     /note="hexamer: ATTAAA"
     polyA_site      1145
                     /gene="ENDOG"
                     /note="major polyA site"
ORIGIN      
        1 acacccggtt gggctctgct gctcccttct gggttccgag gcccaagccc ttggcagtgt
       61 ttgtgagtgg aagggaggtc acgctatcgt ccgcggcccc agcagccctg tgccctcgtt
      121 ggatcccgcg acgcggctcc tttaagagcc tcgcgggtcg cccgccgcta ggtcgctccc
      181 cggccatgcg ggcgctgcgg gccggcctga ccctggcgtc gggcgcgggg ctgggtgcgg
      241 tcgtcgaggg ctggcggcgg cggcgggagg acgcgcgggc ggcgccggga ctgctgggcc
      301 ggctgcccgt gctgcccgtg gcggcggcag ccgagttgcc ccctgtgccc gggggacccc
      361 gcggcccggg cgagctggcc aagtacgggc tgccggggct ggcgcagctc aagagccgcg
      421 agtcgtacgt gctgtgctac gacccgcgca cccgcggcgc gctctgggtg gtggagcagc
      481 tgcgacccga gcgtctccgc ggcgacggcg accggcgcga gtgcgacttc cgcgaggacg
      541 actcggtgca cgcgtaccac cgtgccacca acgccgacta ccgcggcagt ggcttcgacc
      601 gcggtcacct ggccgccgcc gccaaccacc gctggagcca gaaggccatg gacgacacgt
      661 tctacctgag caacgtcgcg ccccaggtgc cccacctcaa ccagaatgcc tggaacaacc
      721 tggagaaata tagccgcagc ttgacccgca gctaccaaaa cgtctatgtc tgcacagggc
      781 cactcttcct gcccaggaca gaggctgatg ggaaatccta cgtaaagtac caggtcatcg
      841 gcaagaacca cgtggcagtg cccacacact tcttcaaggt gctgatcctg gaggcagcag
      901 gtgggcaaat tgagctccgc acctacgtga tgcccaacgc acctgtggat gaggccatcc
      961 cactggagcg cttcctggtg cccatcgaga gcattgagcg ggcttcgggg ctgctctttg
     1021 tgccaaacat cctggcgcgg gcaggcagcc tcaaggccat cacggcgggc agtaagtgag
     1081 ggtggagccc agtgagactg tgggtgtgtg caggccgggg agtattaaag gtggtgattt
     1141 ttgga
//
