LOCUS       NM_004094               4154 bp    mRNA    linear   PRI 28-AUG-2024
DEFINITION  Homo sapiens eukaryotic translation initiation factor 2 subunit
            alpha (EIF2S1), mRNA.
ACCESSION   NM_004094
VERSION     NM_004094.5
KEYWORDS    RefSeq; MANE Select.
SOURCE      Homo sapiens (human)
  ORGANISM  Homo sapiens
            Eukaryota; Metazoa; Chordata; Craniata; Vertebrata; Euteleostomi;
            Mammalia; Eutheria; Euarchontoglires; Primates; Haplorrhini;
            Catarrhini; Hominidae; Homo.
REFERENCE   1  (bases 1 to 4154)
  AUTHORS   Hrabos,D., Poggiolini,I., Civitelli,L., Galli,E., Esapa,C.,
            Saarma,M., Lindholm,P. and Parkkinen,L.
  TITLE     Unfolded protein response markers Grp78 and eIF2alpha are
            upregulated with increasing alpha-synuclein levels in Lewy body
            disease
  JOURNAL   Neuropathol Appl Neurobiol 50 (4), e12999 (2024)
   PUBMED   39036837
  REMARK    GeneRIF: Unfolded protein response markers Grp78 and eIF2alpha are
            upregulated with increasing alpha-synuclein levels in Lewy body
            disease.
REFERENCE   2  (bases 1 to 4154)
  AUTHORS   Shi,J.X., Yang,L., Gan,J., Gu,W.W., Gu,Y., Shi,Y., Jiang,H.Y.,
            Xu,H.R., Yang,S.H., Zhang,X. and Wang,J.
  TITLE     MiR-3074-5p Regulates Trophoblasts Function via EIF2S1/GDF15
            Pathway in Recurrent Miscarriage
  JOURNAL   Reprod Sci 31 (5), 1290-1302 (2024)
   PUBMED   38151653
  REMARK    GeneRIF: MiR-3074-5p Regulates Trophoblasts Function via
            EIF2S1/GDF15 Pathway in Recurrent Miscarriage.
REFERENCE   3  (bases 1 to 4154)
  AUTHORS   Chakrabarty,Y., Yang,Z., Chen,H. and Chan,D.C.
  TITLE     The HRI branch of the integrated stress response selectively
            triggers mitophagy
  JOURNAL   Mol Cell 84 (6), 1090-1100 (2024)
   PUBMED   38340717
REFERENCE   4  (bases 1 to 4154)
  AUTHORS   Jin,B., Wang,M., Sun,Y., Lee,P.A.H., Zhang,X., Lu,Y. and Zhao,B.
  TITLE     CHIP suppresses the proliferation and migration of A549 cells by
            mediating the ubiquitination of eIF2alpha and upregulation of tumor
            suppressor RBM5
  JOURNAL   J Biol Chem 300 (3), 105673 (2024)
   PUBMED   38272235
  REMARK    GeneRIF: CHIP suppresses the proliferation and migration of A549
            cells by mediating the ubiquitination of eIF2alpha and upregulation
            of tumor suppressor RBM5.
REFERENCE   5  (bases 1 to 4154)
  AUTHORS   Qi,H., Zheng,Z. and Liu,Q.
  TITLE     Activation of BZW1 by CEBPB in macrophages promotes eIF2alpha
            phosphorylation-mediated metabolic reprogramming and endoplasmic
            reticulum stress in MRL/lpr lupus-prone mice
  JOURNAL   Cell Mol Biol Lett 28 (1), 79 (2023)
   PUBMED   37828427
  REMARK    GeneRIF: Activation of BZW1 by CEBPB in macrophages promotes
            eIF2alpha phosphorylation-mediated metabolic reprogramming and
            endoplasmic reticulum stress in MRL/lpr lupus-prone mice.
            Publication Status: Online-Only
REFERENCE   6  (bases 1 to 4154)
  AUTHORS   Mao,X., Green,J.M., Safer,B., Lindsten,T., Frederickson,R.M.,
            Miyamoto,S., Sonenberg,N. and Thompson,C.B.
  TITLE     Regulation of translation initiation factor gene expression during
            human T cell activation
  JOURNAL   J Biol Chem 267 (28), 20444-20450 (1992)
   PUBMED   1400363
REFERENCE   7  (bases 1 to 4154)
  AUTHORS   Green,S.R., Spalding,A., Ashford,T., Proud,C.G. and Tuite,M.F.
  TITLE     Synthesis of human initiation factor-2 alpha in Saccharomyces
            cerevisiae
  JOURNAL   Gene 108 (2), 253-258 (1991)
   PUBMED   1748310
REFERENCE   8  (bases 1 to 4154)
  AUTHORS   Mellor,H. and Proud,C.G.
  TITLE     A synthetic peptide substrate for initiation factor-2 kinases
  JOURNAL   Biochem Biophys Res Commun 178 (2), 430-437 (1991)
   PUBMED   1677563
REFERENCE   9  (bases 1 to 4154)
  AUTHORS   Hershey,J.W.
  TITLE     Translational control in mammalian cells
  JOURNAL   Annu Rev Biochem 60, 717-755 (1991)
   PUBMED   1883206
  REMARK    Review article
REFERENCE   10 (bases 1 to 4154)
  AUTHORS   Safer,B., Adams,S.L., Anderson,W.F. and Merrick,W.C.
  TITLE     Binding of MET-TRNAf and GTP to homogeneous initiation factor MP
  JOURNAL   J Biol Chem 250 (23), 9076-9082 (1975)
   PUBMED   1104615
COMMENT     VALIDATED REFSEQ: This record has undergone validation or
            preliminary review. This record has been curated by NCBI staff in
            collaboration with Francesco Amaldi. The reference sequence was
            derived from AL139785.5 and BC002513.2.
            
            On Nov 23, 2018 this sequence version replaced NM_004094.4.
            
            Summary: The translation initiation factor EIF2 catalyzes the first
            regulated step of protein synthesis initiation, promoting the
            binding of the initiator tRNA to 40S ribosomal subunits. Binding
            occurs as a ternary complex of methionyl-tRNA, EIF2, and GTP. EIF2
            is composed of 3 nonidentical subunits, the 36-kD EIF2-alpha
            subunit (EIF2S1), the 38-kD EIF2-beta subunit (EIF2S2; MIM 603908),
            and the 52-kD EIF2-gamma subunit (EIF2S3; MIM 300161). The rate of
            formation of the ternary complex is modulated by the
            phosphorylation state of EIF2-alpha (Ernst et al., 1987 [PubMed
            2948954]).[supplied by OMIM, Feb 2010].
            
            Publication Note:  This RefSeq record includes a subset of the
            publications that are available for this gene. Please see the Gene
            record to access additional publications.
            
            ##Evidence-Data-START##
            Transcript exon combination :: SRR1660803.68973.1,
                                           SRR1660807.12228.1 [ECO:0000332]
            RNAseq introns              :: single sample supports all introns
                                           SAMEA1965299, SAMEA1966682
                                           [ECO:0000348]
            ##Evidence-Data-END##
            
            ##RefSeq-Attributes-START##
            MANE Ensembl match     :: ENST00000256383.11/ ENSP00000256383.4
            RefSeq Select criteria :: based on single protein-coding transcript
            ##RefSeq-Attributes-END##
            COMPLETENESS: full length.
PRIMARY     REFSEQ_SPAN         PRIMARY_IDENTIFIER PRIMARY_SPAN        COMP
            1-40                AL139785.5         48954-48993
            41-2086             BC002513.2         1-2046
            2087-4154           AL139785.5         73075-75142
FEATURES             Location/Qualifiers
     source          1..4154
                     /organism="Homo sapiens"
                     /mol_type="mRNA"
                     /db_xref="taxon:9606"
                     /chromosome="14"
                     /map="14q23.3"
     gene            1..4154
                     /gene="EIF2S1"
                     /gene_synonym="EIF-2; EIF-2A; EIF-2alpha; EIF2; EIF2A"
                     /note="eukaryotic translation initiation factor 2 subunit
                     alpha"
                     /db_xref="GeneID:1965"
                     /db_xref="HGNC:HGNC:3265"
                     /db_xref="MIM:603907"
     exon            1..129
                     /gene="EIF2S1"
                     /gene_synonym="EIF-2; EIF-2A; EIF-2alpha; EIF2; EIF2A"
                     /inference="alignment:Splign:2.1.0"
     exon            130..371
                     /gene="EIF2S1"
                     /gene_synonym="EIF-2; EIF-2A; EIF-2alpha; EIF2; EIF2A"
                     /inference="alignment:Splign:2.1.0"
     exon            372..451
                     /gene="EIF2S1"
                     /gene_synonym="EIF-2; EIF-2A; EIF-2alpha; EIF2; EIF2A"
                     /inference="alignment:Splign:2.1.0"
     exon            452..603
                     /gene="EIF2S1"
                     /gene_synonym="EIF-2; EIF-2A; EIF-2alpha; EIF2; EIF2A"
                     /inference="alignment:Splign:2.1.0"
     exon            604..710
                     /gene="EIF2S1"
                     /gene_synonym="EIF-2; EIF-2A; EIF-2alpha; EIF2; EIF2A"
                     /inference="alignment:Splign:2.1.0"
     exon            711..808
                     /gene="EIF2S1"
                     /gene_synonym="EIF-2; EIF-2A; EIF-2alpha; EIF2; EIF2A"
                     /inference="alignment:Splign:2.1.0"
     exon            809..952
                     /gene="EIF2S1"
                     /gene_synonym="EIF-2; EIF-2A; EIF-2alpha; EIF2; EIF2A"
                     /inference="alignment:Splign:2.1.0"
     exon            953..4154
                     /gene="EIF2S1"
                     /gene_synonym="EIF-2; EIF-2A; EIF-2alpha; EIF2; EIF2A"
                     /inference="alignment:Splign:2.1.0"
     regulatory      1477..1482
                     /regulatory_class="polyA_signal_sequence"
                     /gene="EIF2S1"
                     /gene_synonym="EIF-2; EIF-2A; EIF-2alpha; EIF2; EIF2A"
                     /note="hexamer: AATAAA"
     polyA_site      1498
                     /gene="EIF2S1"
                     /gene_synonym="EIF-2; EIF-2A; EIF-2alpha; EIF2; EIF2A"
                     /note="major polyA site"
     regulatory      4132..4137
                     /regulatory_class="polyA_signal_sequence"
                     /gene="EIF2S1"
                     /gene_synonym="EIF-2; EIF-2A; EIF-2alpha; EIF2; EIF2A"
                     /note="hexamer: AATAAA"
     polyA_site      4154
                     /gene="EIF2S1"
                     /gene_synonym="EIF-2; EIF-2A; EIF-2alpha; EIF2; EIF2A"
ORIGIN      
        1 atgcgcggtg gagtgagcga agcgcacgct gaggaggatc ggcggccggt gagggggaag
       61 caagtctggt ctctgtgatt gaagaagtcg gctctgggct ccagtgcggg aatcacacac
      121 atacctcaga atgccgggtc taagttgtag attttatcaa cacaaatttc ctgaggtgga
      181 agatgtagtg atggtgaatg tcagatccat tgctgaaatg ggggcttatg tcagcttgct
      241 ggaatacaac aacattgaag gcatgattct tcttagtgaa ttatccagaa ggcgtatccg
      301 ttctatcaac aaactcatcc gaattggcag gaatgagtgt gtggttgtca ttagggtgga
      361 caaagaaaaa ggatatattg atttgtcaaa aagaagagtt tctccagagg aagcaatcaa
      421 atgtgaagac aaattcacaa aatccaaaac tgtttatagc attcttcgtc atgttgctga
      481 ggtgttagaa tacaccaagg atgagcagct ggaaagccta ttccagagga ctgcctgggt
      541 ctttgatgac aagtacaaga gacctggata tggtgcctat gatgcattta agcatgcagt
      601 ctcagaccca tctattttgg atagtttaga tttgaatgaa gatgaacggg aagtactcat
      661 taataatatt aataggcgct tgaccccaca ggctgtcaaa attcgagcag atattgaagt
      721 ggcttgttat ggttatgaag gcattgatgc tgtaaaagaa gccctaagag caggtttgaa
      781 ttgttctaca gaaaacatgc ccattaagat taatctaata gctcctcctc ggtatgtaat
      841 gactacgaca accctggaga gaacagaagg cctttctgtc ctcagtcaag ctatggctgt
      901 tatcaaagag aagattgagg aaaagagggg tgtgttcaat gttcaaatgg agcccaaagt
      961 ggtcacagat acagatgaga ctgaacttgc gaggcagatg gagaggcttg aaagagaaaa
     1021 tgccgaagtg gatggagatg atgatgcaga agaaatggaa gccaaagctg aagattaact
     1081 ttgtgggaaa cagagtccaa tttaaggaac acagagcagc gcttcctggc tgtaaatcct
     1141 agacttgaaa gttttccagt attgaaaact tcaaagctga atatttttta tttctaagta
     1201 tttaaatgtt ctaacagatc agaacatgaa atgccctcct aaatgtcagc tgttgtcaca
     1261 cagtagctcc aacactttga gcatttttaa gggagtggcc tcatttcact agagacaaat
     1321 ctttaagaat agttctaaaa ttgggcttgt gatttccatt tctgatgtct ccagattggc
     1381 acccctttct agttcaatgc ctcacgagat ttgccagggg catccaaggc aaacaatccc
     1441 aatctttcta tataaaatgt attcaagcaa acatcaaata aatttctggg atatttaact
     1501 ataggcttct tccttcttgt caccagttaa aagcatttta atactaagac cctaattctt
     1561 ttatctttat tttagtcttg atgtggaact gtaggagcag gtgaataaag gatctctata
     1621 acagatcctt tcaaaagaag agttttagag aaaataaatt taactttaac cacagtgaaa
     1681 gttgaccctt agcgggacaa agccttaaaa tgcattgaaa gaattagatc ggttctgtgc
     1741 cttttatcta tttgagattg atgacaacct gtgtgagaga atttatcaca ccacgtcctt
     1801 attggaataa taagctactt gccttgagtt tataattcag ggtggtaaag tatgttttta
     1861 aattttaaaa agcagctgca ttttttattt agttggaata tcacccaatt ttttattttt
     1921 attgctatta aaatatccac tagatgccac ctagagctcc agttctttat aacaaaacag
     1981 ggatctgttt gaacacttac tgttgttttt ttttttttac atgtttccat catttctgtc
     2041 tttaagaact aattcgtaca taataagttt cataggtaac acattatttg aagttacagc
     2101 tacagtagtc aggtgtagaa aatcttgagt tgctttggtc tgcttgtctt cataaattta
     2161 ttctcttatg atacttgagg taccagttgt atttaatttt attcattatc cctagatagc
     2221 tattaagata cttagattag acctaaccca ccatagtcaa tccaagacta gactactcaa
     2281 tattaaaggg tctggaaaat agaagagtgt gttgggcagg tagtttgtac catttatgaa
     2341 ggtttgttcc tttgttaaat ttagcagcct gtactagctt ttgaaatcca gaagttttaa
     2401 cttccagtgg ctggtttctg agagagtgcc atgattgcta gccagcattc catattggga
     2461 atatgtagag gagaacctgg atgtacttaa gagtggcata taattttcac ttctgtctgt
     2521 tgaggcatca aaaaaacaag tttagaaagc tggcaacatg aagaatgcat tcaaaatata
     2581 acaggtgctt ctttgttgta cgcagaggaa ttttttcttt tgattttgtt tactgaaatt
     2641 tgttatactt caaaagccat aacttgaaaa atactggtgg cgtcgatggt gagtgatttt
     2701 tatcccacgt gggccttttg ctcagttcca tggcaatttt gtaaattgac cctagccaga
     2761 gaatagatca gtatttcact gataccacga ggaaaagaac aaacaaaact taaaagtatt
     2821 catacacctt gctaacctaa aagacagcag ggacaagata catatgagga caaggtatac
     2881 acccagttct gaataacttg aagaacaggc ttggcaaaga agtaagttta tccaaatctt
     2941 gaatttctgc caggcatggt agctcatgcc tgtaaccctg gcacttaagg ggccaaggca
     3001 ggaggatcac ttgaggccag tgagctgtga tcactccagt gcactcgagc ctgggtgaca
     3061 gggcaagacc ctgtctcaaa aaaaaaaaaa aaaaccaaaa atcttgaatc tcccatcaaa
     3121 gccttttcat taaaaataca atttcatcta ctccctactg tacctttcac tgatgtcaag
     3181 tggctatcaa ttcatatagc tgaaaattag tgatagtttg ggtctcattt atgcataaat
     3241 taattgaaaa tcagtaatgg ccaggaagaa atatgaatat tcaaaccact tttttctttt
     3301 tttttttttt tttttggcaa atggtgttat attgcctggg caggtctcga aatcctgggc
     3361 tcaagctatc ctcctgcctc tgcctctgta agagtgtgag ccaccatgcc ccacccaaac
     3421 catttttcat atcagttata gcaaaacaag acaaaccagt tcttaataat gttcaaagtt
     3481 ggacccatag agacatgcta agcactacat catgctaaga agaacagtta ttactcagct
     3541 gccatacttc agccattcta cttttacacc aagaacaaaa tggctagaga tttttttaaa
     3601 aatacaaatg ccagtacctt gccgagactt gttcactgat ttgccccaac cccaaggtaa
     3661 tggtcatcta ctttgcaacc tatggagatc ctgatagctc ccatacaaag tgaggtacac
     3721 tgttgccaat ttggaggcag gaagccatca aactaaacgt agtttaattc agatgaacac
     3781 ctatcgatat tcaaaaggca aaacaaaaaa actaattcca gggacattag accttggtga
     3841 aatgccaaat ggaaaatggt gctttaaaag gtagtctctt accatataag gaataagtaa
     3901 aacattagct tgtgatttct cattattcag gtcaatgttt tagacacgac taacaaggga
     3961 cagttcaaac tattaaagag aacaaatttt tacttaagca ctttgaggta tccactcccc
     4021 ttaaatgtaa gttatgtatt ttatctgttg attaagggga ggtccaagca tttgtacttg
     4081 gcaggaatgc tggcaatagc ttgtgccaga ttactgtata aacttgaaag taataaaaat
     4141 gttctttaaa agta
//
