LOCUS       NM_014421               3654 bp    mRNA    linear   PRI 15-OCT-2024
DEFINITION  Homo sapiens dickkopf WNT signaling pathway inhibitor 2 (DKK2),
            mRNA.
ACCESSION   NM_014421
VERSION     NM_014421.3
KEYWORDS    RefSeq; MANE Select.
SOURCE      Homo sapiens (human)
  ORGANISM  Homo sapiens
            Eukaryota; Metazoa; Chordata; Craniata; Vertebrata; Euteleostomi;
            Mammalia; Eutheria; Euarchontoglires; Primates; Haplorrhini;
            Catarrhini; Hominidae; Homo.
REFERENCE   1  (bases 1 to 3654)
  AUTHORS   Guo,W., Qu,Y., Yu,Y., Li,X., Liang,Z., Wang,Z., Hu,T. and Zhou,S.
  TITLE     DKK2 promotes the progression of oral squamous cell carcinoma
            through the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway
  JOURNAL   Aging (Albany NY) 16 (10), 9204-9215 (2024)
   PUBMED   38795388
  REMARK    GeneRIF: DKK2 promotes the progression of oral squamous cell
            carcinoma through the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway.
REFERENCE   2  (bases 1 to 3654)
  AUTHORS   Huttlin,E.L., Bruckner,R.J., Navarrete-Perea,J., Cannon,J.R.,
            Baltier,K., Gebreab,F., Gygi,M.P., Thornock,A., Zarraga,G., Tam,S.,
            Szpyt,J., Gassaway,B.M., Panov,A., Parzen,H., Fu,S., Golbazi,A.,
            Maenpaa,E., Stricker,K., Guha Thakurta,S., Zhang,T., Rad,R.,
            Pan,J., Nusinow,D.P., Paulo,J.A., Schweppe,D.K., Vaites,L.P.,
            Harper,J.W. and Gygi,S.P.
  TITLE     Dual proteome-scale networks reveal cell-specific remodeling of the
            human interactome
  JOURNAL   Cell 184 (11), 3022-3040 (2021)
   PUBMED   33961781
REFERENCE   3  (bases 1 to 3654)
  AUTHORS   Fraungruber,P., Kaltofen,T., Heublein,S., Kuhn,C., Mayr,D.,
            Burges,A., Mahner,S., Rathert,P., Jeschke,U. and Trillsch,F.
  TITLE     G Protein-Coupled Estrogen Receptor Correlates With Dkk2 Expression
            and Has Prognostic Impact in Ovarian Cancer Patients
  JOURNAL   Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 12, 564002 (2021)
   PUBMED   33679613
  REMARK    GeneRIF: G Protein-Coupled Estrogen Receptor Correlates With Dkk2
            Expression and Has Prognostic Impact in Ovarian Cancer Patients.
            Publication Status: Online-Only
REFERENCE   4  (bases 1 to 3654)
  AUTHORS   Mamelli,R.E., Felipe,A.V., Silva,T.D., Hinz,V. and Forones,N.M.
  TITLE     RNAM EXPRESSION AND DNA METHYLATION OF DKK2 GENE IN COLORECTAL
            CANCER
  JOURNAL   Arq Gastroenterol 58 (1), 55-60 (2021)
   PUBMED   33909798
  REMARK    GeneRIF: RNAM EXPRESSION AND DNA METHYLATION OF DKK2 GENE IN
            COLORECTAL CANCER.
REFERENCE   5  (bases 1 to 3654)
  AUTHORS   Zhou,B., Peng,K., Wang,G., Chen,W., Liu,P., Chen,F. and Kang,Y.
  TITLE     miR-483-3p promotes the osteogenesis of human osteoblasts by
            targeting Dikkopf 2 (DKK2) and the Wnt signaling pathway
  JOURNAL   Int J Mol Med 46 (4), 1571-1581 (2020)
   PUBMED   32945363
  REMARK    GeneRIF: miR4833p promotes the osteogenesis of human osteoblasts by
            targeting Dikkopf 2 (DKK2) and the Wnt signaling pathway.
REFERENCE   6  (bases 1 to 3654)
  AUTHORS   Brott,B.K. and Sokol,S.Y.
  TITLE     Regulation of Wnt/LRP signaling by distinct domains of Dickkopf
            proteins
  JOURNAL   Mol Cell Biol 22 (17), 6100-6110 (2002)
   PUBMED   12167704
  REMARK    GeneRIF: Analysis of individual Dkk domains and chimeric Dkks shows
            that the carboxy-terminal domains of both Dkk1 & 2 associate with
            LRP6 and are necessary and sufficient for Wnt8 inhibition.
REFERENCE   7  (bases 1 to 3654)
  AUTHORS   Li,L., Mao,J., Sun,L., Liu,W. and Wu,D.
  TITLE     Second cysteine-rich domain of Dickkopf-2 activates canonical Wnt
            signaling pathway via LRP-6 independently of dishevelled
  JOURNAL   J Biol Chem 277 (8), 5977-5981 (2002)
   PUBMED   11742004
REFERENCE   8  (bases 1 to 3654)
  AUTHORS   Mao,B., Wu,W., Li,Y., Hoppe,D., Stannek,P., Glinka,A. and Niehrs,C.
  TITLE     LDL-receptor-related protein 6 is a receptor for Dickkopf proteins
  JOURNAL   Nature 411 (6835), 321-325 (2001)
   PUBMED   11357136
REFERENCE   9  (bases 1 to 3654)
  AUTHORS   Wu,W., Glinka,A., Delius,H. and Niehrs,C.
  TITLE     Mutual antagonism between dickkopf1 and dickkopf2 regulates
            Wnt/beta-catenin signalling
  JOURNAL   Curr Biol 10 (24), 1611-1614 (2000)
   PUBMED   11137016
REFERENCE   10 (bases 1 to 3654)
  AUTHORS   Krupnik,V.E., Sharp,J.D., Jiang,C., Robison,K., Chickering,T.W.,
            Amaravadi,L., Brown,D.E., Guyot,D., Mays,G., Leiby,K., Chang,B.,
            Duong,T., Goodearl,A.D., Gearing,D.P., Sokol,S.Y. and McCarthy,S.A.
  TITLE     Functional and structural diversity of the human Dickkopf gene
            family
  JOURNAL   Gene 238 (2), 301-313 (1999)
   PUBMED   10570958
COMMENT     REVIEWED REFSEQ: This record has been curated by NCBI staff. The
            reference sequence was derived from AP001819.2, AF177395.1 and
            AY358414.1.
            
            On Nov 22, 2018 this sequence version replaced NM_014421.2.
            
            Summary: This gene encodes a protein that is a member of the
            dickkopf family. The secreted protein contains two cysteine rich
            regions and is involved in embryonic development through its
            interactions with the Wnt signaling pathway. It can act as either
            an agonist or antagonist of Wnt/beta-catenin signaling, depending
            on the cellular context and the presence of the co-factor kremen 2.
            Activity of this protein is also modulated by binding to the Wnt
            co-receptor LDL-receptor related protein 6 (LRP6). [provided by
            RefSeq, Jul 2008].
            
            Publication Note:  This RefSeq record includes a subset of the
            publications that are available for this gene. Please see the Gene
            record to access additional publications.
            
            ##Evidence-Data-START##
            Transcript exon combination :: AF177395.1, SRR1660807.85450.1
                                           [ECO:0000332]
            RNAseq introns              :: single sample supports all introns
                                           SAMEA1968189, SAMEA2142363
                                           [ECO:0000348]
            ##Evidence-Data-END##
            
            ##RefSeq-Attributes-START##
            MANE Ensembl match     :: ENST00000285311.8/ ENSP00000285311.3
            RefSeq Select criteria :: based on single protein-coding transcript
            ##RefSeq-Attributes-END##
            COMPLETENESS: full length.
PRIMARY     REFSEQ_SPAN         PRIMARY_IDENTIFIER PRIMARY_SPAN        COMP
            1-17                AP001819.2         23620-23636         c
            18-2310             AF177395.1         13-2305
            2311-2452           AY358414.1         1799-1940
            2453-2686           AF177395.1         2448-2681
            2687-2806           AY358414.1         2175-2294
            2807-2937           AF177395.1         2801-2931
            2938-3371           AY358414.1         2426-2859
            3372-3654           AF177395.1         3367-3649
FEATURES             Location/Qualifiers
     source          1..3654
                     /organism="Homo sapiens"
                     /mol_type="mRNA"
                     /db_xref="taxon:9606"
                     /chromosome="4"
                     /map="4q25"
     gene            1..3654
                     /gene="DKK2"
                     /gene_synonym="DKK-2"
                     /note="dickkopf WNT signaling pathway inhibitor 2"
                     /db_xref="GeneID:27123"
                     /db_xref="HGNC:HGNC:2892"
                     /db_xref="MIM:605415"
     exon            1..944
                     /gene="DKK2"
                     /gene_synonym="DKK-2"
                     /inference="alignment:Splign:2.1.0"
     CDS             723..1502
                     /gene="DKK2"
                     /gene_synonym="DKK-2"
                     /note="dickkopf-related protein 2; hDkk-2; dickkopf-2;
                     dickkopf homolog 2; dickkopf 2 homolog"
                     /codon_start=1
                     /product="dickkopf-related protein 2 precursor"
                     /protein_id="NP_055236.1"
                     /db_xref="CCDS:CCDS3675.1"
                     /db_xref="GeneID:27123"
                     /db_xref="HGNC:HGNC:2892"
                     /db_xref="MIM:605415"
                     /translation="MAALMRSKDSSCCLLLLAAVLMVESSQIGSSRAKLNSIKSSLGG
                     ETPGQAANRSAGMYQGLAFGGSKKGKNLGQAYPCSSDKECEVGRYCHSPHQGSSACMV
                     CRRKKKRCHRDGMCCPSTRCNNGICIPVTESILTPHIPALDGTRHRDRNHGHYSNHDL
                     GWQNLGRPHTKMSHIKGHEGDPCLRSSDCIEGFCCARHFWTKICKPVLHQGEVCTKQR
                     KKGSHGLEIFQRCDCAKGLSCKVWKDATYSSKARLHVCQKI"
     exon            945..1095
                     /gene="DKK2"
                     /gene_synonym="DKK-2"
                     /inference="alignment:Splign:2.1.0"
     exon            1096..1251
                     /gene="DKK2"
                     /gene_synonym="DKK-2"
                     /inference="alignment:Splign:2.1.0"
     exon            1252..3654
                     /gene="DKK2"
                     /gene_synonym="DKK-2"
                     /inference="alignment:Splign:2.1.0"
     regulatory      3627..3632
                     /regulatory_class="polyA_signal_sequence"
                     /gene="DKK2"
                     /gene_synonym="DKK-2"
                     /note="hexamer: ATTAAA"
     polyA_site      3654
                     /gene="DKK2"
                     /gene_synonym="DKK-2"
                     /note="major polyA site"
ORIGIN      
        1 agcagagaga gagaaagcgg gagcccgcgg cgagcgtagc gcaagtccgc tccctaggca
       61 tcgctgcgct ggcagcgatt cgctgtctct tgtgagtcag gggacaacgc ttcggggcaa
      121 ctgtgagtgc gcgtgtgggg gacctcgatt ctcttcagat ctcgaggatt cggtccgggg
      181 acgtctcctg atcccctact aaagcgcctg ctaactttga aaaggagcac tgtgtcctgc
      241 aaagtttgac acataaagga taggaaaaga gaggagagaa aagcaactga gttgaaggag
      301 aaggagctga tgcgggcctc ctgatcaatt aagaggagag ttaaaccgcc gagatcccgg
      361 cgggaccaag gaggtgcggg gcaagaagga acggaagcgg tgcgatccac agggctgggt
      421 tttcttgcac cttgggtcac gcctccttgg cgagaaagcg cctcgcattt gattgcttcc
      481 agttattgca gaacttcctg tcctggtgga gaagcgggtc tcgcttgggt tccgctaatt
      541 tctgtcctga ggcgtgagac tgagttcata gggtcctggg tccccgaacc aggaagggtt
      601 gagggaacac aatctgcaag cccccgcgac ccaagtgagg ggccccgtgt tggggtcctc
      661 cctccctttg cattcccacc cctccgggct ttgcgtcttc ctggggaccc cctcgccggg
      721 agatggccgc gttgatgcgg agcaaggatt cgtcctgctg cctgctccta ctggccgcgg
      781 tgctgatggt ggagagctca cagatcggca gttcgcgggc caaactcaac tccatcaagt
      841 cctctctggg cggggagacg cctggtcagg ccgccaatcg atctgcgggc atgtaccaag
      901 gactggcatt cggcggcagt aagaagggca aaaacctggg gcaggcctac ccttgtagca
      961 gtgataagga gtgtgaagtt gggaggtatt gccacagtcc ccaccaagga tcatcggcct
     1021 gcatggtgtg tcggagaaaa aagaagcgct gccaccgaga tggcatgtgc tgccccagta
     1081 cccgctgcaa taatggcatc tgtatcccag ttactgaaag catcttaacc cctcacatcc
     1141 cggctctgga tggtactcgg cacagagatc gaaaccacgg tcattactca aaccatgact
     1201 tgggatggca gaatctagga agaccacaca ctaagatgtc acatataaaa gggcatgaag
     1261 gagacccctg cctacgatca tcagactgca ttgaagggtt ttgctgtgct cgtcatttct
     1321 ggaccaaaat ctgcaaacca gtgctccatc agggggaagt ctgtaccaaa caacgcaaga
     1381 agggttctca tgggctggaa attttccagc gttgcgactg tgcgaagggc ctgtcttgca
     1441 aagtatggaa agatgccacc tactcctcca aagccagact ccatgtgtgt cagaaaattt
     1501 gatcaccatt gaggaacatc atcaattgca gactgtgaag ttgtgtattt aatgcattat
     1561 agcatggtgg aaaataaggt tcagatgcag aagaatggct aaaataagaa acgtgataag
     1621 aatatagatg atcacaaaaa gggagaaaga aaacatgaac tgaatagatt agaatgggtg
     1681 acaaatgcag tgcagccagt gtttccatta tgcaacttgt ctatgtaaat aatgtacaca
     1741 tttgtggaaa atgctattat taagagaaca agcacacagt ggaaattact gatgagtagc
     1801 atgtgacttt ccaagagttt aggttgtgct ggaggagagg tttccttcag attgctgatt
     1861 gcttatacaa ataacctaca tgccagattt ctattcaacg ttagagttta acaaaatact
     1921 cctagaataa cttgttatac aataggttct aaaaataaaa ttgctaaaca agaaatgaaa
     1981 acatggagca ttgttaattt acaacagaaa attacctttt gatttgtaac actacttctg
     2041 ctgttcaatc aagagtcttg gtagataaga aaaaaatcag tcaatatttc caaataattg
     2101 caaaataatg gccagttgtt taggaaggcc tttaggaaga caaataaata acaaacaaac
     2161 agccacaaat actttttttt caaaatttta gttttacctg taattaataa gaactgatac
     2221 aagacaaaaa cagttccttc agattctacg gaatgacagt atatctctct ttatcctatg
     2281 tgattcctgc tctgaatgca ttatattttc caaactatac ccataaattg tgactagtaa
     2341 aatacttaca cagagcagaa ttttcacaga tggcaaaaaa atttaaagat gtccaatata
     2401 tgtgggaaaa gagctaacag agagatcatt atttcttaaa gattggccat aacctgtatt
     2461 ttgatagaat tagattggta aatacatgta ttcatacata ctctgtggta atagagactt
     2521 gagctggatc tgtactgcac tggagtaagc aagaaaattg ggaaaacttt ttcgtttgtt
     2581 caggttttgg caacacatag atcatatgtc tgaggcacaa gttggctgtt catctttgaa
     2641 accaggggat gcacagtcta aatgaatatc tgcatgggat ttgctatcat aatatttact
     2701 atgcagatga attcagtgtg aggtcctgtg tccgtactat cctcaaatta tttattttat
     2761 agtgctgaga tcctcaaata atctcaattt caggaggttt cacaaaatgg actcctgaag
     2821 tagacagagt agtgaggttt cattgccctc tataagcttc tgactagcca atggcatcat
     2881 ccaattttct tcccaaacct ctgcagcatc tgctttattg ccaaagggct agtttcggtt
     2941 ttctgcagcc attgcggtta aaaaatataa gtaggataac ttgtaaaacc tgcatattgc
     3001 taatctatag acaccacagt ttctaaattc tttgaaacca ctttactact ttttttaaac
     3061 ttaactcagt tctaaatact ttgtctggag cacaaaacaa taaaaggtta tcttatagtc
     3121 gtgactttaa acttttgtag accacaattc actttttagt tttcttttac ttaaatccca
     3181 tctgcagtct caaatttaag ttctcccagt agagattgag tttgagcctg tatatctatt
     3241 aaaaatttca acttcccaca tatatttact aagatgatta agacttacat tttctgcaca
     3301 ggtctgcaaa aacaaaaatt ataaactagt ccatccaaga accaaagttt gtataaacag
     3361 gttgctataa gcttggtgaa atgaaaatgg aacatttcaa tcaaacattt cctatataac
     3421 aattattata tttacaattt ggtttctgca atatttttct tatgtccacc cttttaaaaa
     3481 ttattatttg aagtaattta tttacaggaa atgttaatga gatgtatttt cttatagaga
     3541 tatttcttac agaaagcttt gtagcagaat atatttgcag ctattgactt tgtaatttag
     3601 gaaaaatgta taataagata aaatctatta aatttttctc ctctaaaaac tgaa
//
