LOCUS       NM_004728               4664 bp    mRNA    linear   PRI 20-FEB-2025
DEFINITION  Homo sapiens DExD-box helicase 21 (DDX21), transcript variant 1,
            mRNA.
ACCESSION   NM_004728
VERSION     NM_004728.4
KEYWORDS    RefSeq; MANE Select.
SOURCE      Homo sapiens (human)
  ORGANISM  Homo sapiens
            Eukaryota; Metazoa; Chordata; Craniata; Vertebrata; Euteleostomi;
            Mammalia; Eutheria; Euarchontoglires; Primates; Haplorrhini;
            Catarrhini; Hominidae; Homo.
REFERENCE   1  (bases 1 to 4664)
  AUTHORS   Tang,W., Yang,Y., Fu,Z., Xu,W., Ou,W., Liu,F., Du,P. and Liu,C.Y.
  TITLE     The RNA helicase DDX21 activates YAP to promote tumorigenesis and
            is transcriptionally upregulated by beta-catenin in colorectal
            cancer
  JOURNAL   Oncogene 43 (44), 3227-3239 (2024)
   PUBMED   39285230
  REMARK    GeneRIF: The RNA helicase DDX21 activates YAP to promote
            tumorigenesis and is transcriptionally upregulated by beta-catenin
            in colorectal cancer.
REFERENCE   2  (bases 1 to 4664)
  AUTHORS   Khoroshkin,M., Buyan,A., Dodel,M., Navickas,A., Yu,J., Trejo,F.,
            Doty,A., Baratam,R., Zhou,S., Lee,S.B., Joshi,T., Garcia,K.,
            Choi,B., Miglani,S., Subramanyam,V., Modi,H., Carpenter,C.,
            Markett,D., Corces,M.R., Mardakheh,F.K., Kulakovskiy,I.V. and
            Goodarzi,H.
  TITLE     Systematic identification of post-transcriptional regulatory
            modules
  JOURNAL   Nat Commun 15 (1), 7872 (2024)
   PUBMED   39251607
  REMARK    Erratum:[Nat Commun. 2024 Oct 28;15(1):9277. doi:
            10.1038/s41467-024-52903-4.. PMID: 39468017]
            Publication Status: Online-Only
REFERENCE   3  (bases 1 to 4664)
  AUTHORS   Zhang,G., Yang,R., Wang,B., Yan,Q., Zhao,P., Zhang,J., Su,W.,
            Yang,L. and Cui,H.
  TITLE     TRIP13 regulates progression of gastric cancer through stabilising
            the expression of DDX21
  JOURNAL   Cell Death Dis 15 (8), 622 (2024)
   PUBMED   39187490
  REMARK    GeneRIF: TRIP13 regulates progression of gastric cancer through
            stabilising the expression of DDX21.
            Publication Status: Online-Only
REFERENCE   4  (bases 1 to 4664)
  AUTHORS   Jiang,Y., Sun,S., Liu,X., Su,K., Zhang,C., Zhang,P., Zhao,Z.,
            Su,Y., Wang,C. and Du,X.
  TITLE     U3 snoRNA inter-regulates with DDX21 in the perichromosomal region
            to control mitosis
  JOURNAL   Cell Death Dis 15 (5), 342 (2024)
   PUBMED   38760378
  REMARK    GeneRIF: U3 snoRNA inter-regulates with DDX21 in the
            perichromosomal region to control mitosis.
            Publication Status: Online-Only
REFERENCE   5  (bases 1 to 4664)
  AUTHORS   Valdez,B.C., Yang,H., Hong,E. and Sequitin,A.M.
  TITLE     Genomic structure of newly identified paralogue of RNA helicase
            II/Gu: detection of pseudogenes and multiple alternatively spliced
            mRNAs
  JOURNAL   Gene 284 (1-2), 53-61 (2002)
   PUBMED   11891046
REFERENCE   6  (bases 1 to 4664)
  AUTHORS   Zhu,K., Henning,D., Valdez,B. and Busch,H.
  TITLE     Human RNA helicase II/Gu gene: genomic organization and promoter
            analysis
  JOURNAL   Biochem Biophys Res Commun 281 (4), 1006-1011 (2001)
   PUBMED   11237763
REFERENCE   7  (bases 1 to 4664)
  AUTHORS   Valdez,B.C. and Wang,W.
  TITLE     Mouse RNA helicase II/Gu: cDNA and genomic sequences, chromosomal
            localization, and regulation of expression
  JOURNAL   Genomics 66 (2), 184-194 (2000)
   PUBMED   10860663
REFERENCE   8  (bases 1 to 4664)
  AUTHORS   Valdez,B.C., Henning,D., Perumal,K. and Busch,H.
  TITLE     RNA-unwinding and RNA-folding activities of RNA helicase II/Gu--two
            activities in separate domains of the same protein
  JOURNAL   Eur J Biochem 250 (3), 800-807 (1997)
   PUBMED   9461305
REFERENCE   9  (bases 1 to 4664)
  AUTHORS   Valdez,B.C., Henning,D., Perlaky,L., Busch,R.K. and Busch,H.
  TITLE     Cloning and characterization of Gu/RH-II binding protein
  JOURNAL   Biochem Biophys Res Commun 234 (2), 335-340 (1997)
   PUBMED   9177271
REFERENCE   10 (bases 1 to 4664)
  AUTHORS   Valdez,B.C., Henning,D., Busch,R.K., Woods,K., Flores-Rozas,H.,
            Hurwitz,J., Perlaky,L. and Busch,H.
  TITLE     A nucleolar RNA helicase recognized by autoimmune antibodies from a
            patient with watermelon stomach disease
  JOURNAL   Nucleic Acids Res 24 (7), 1220-1224 (1996)
   PUBMED   8614622
COMMENT     REVIEWED REFSEQ: This record has been curated by NCBI staff. The
            reference sequence was derived from DW408689.1, BC008071.2,
            AL359844.15 and AA446317.1.
            
            On Nov 22, 2018 this sequence version replaced NM_004728.3.
            
            Summary: DEAD box proteins, characterized by the conserved motif
            Asp-Glu-Ala-Asp (DEAD), are putative RNA helicases. They are
            implicated in a number of cellular processes involving alteration
            of RNA secondary structure such as translation initiation, nuclear
            and mitochondrial splicing, and ribosome and spliceosome assembly.
            Based on their distribution patterns, some members of this family
            are believed to be involved in embryogenesis, spermatogenesis, and
            cellular growth and division. This gene encodes a DEAD box protein,
            which is an antigen recognized by autoimmune antibodies from a
            patient with watermelon stomach disease. This protein unwinds
            double-stranded RNA, folds single-stranded RNA, and may play
            important roles in ribosomal RNA biogenesis, RNA editing, RNA
            transport, and general transcription. [provided by RefSeq, Jul
            2008].
            
            Transcript Variant: This variant (1) encodes the longer isoform
            (1).
            
            Sequence Note: This RefSeq record was created from transcript and
            genomic sequence data to make the sequence consistent with the
            reference genome assembly. The genomic coordinates used for the
            transcript record were based on transcript alignments.
            
            Publication Note:  This RefSeq record includes a subset of the
            publications that are available for this gene. Please see the Gene
            record to access additional publications.
            
            ##Evidence-Data-START##
            Transcript exon combination :: BC009432.1, SRR1660803.2314.1
                                           [ECO:0000332]
            RNAseq introns              :: single sample supports all introns
                                           SAMEA1965299, SAMEA1966682
                                           [ECO:0000348]
            ##Evidence-Data-END##
            
            ##RefSeq-Attributes-START##
            MANE Ensembl match     :: ENST00000354185.9/ ENSP00000346120.4
            RefSeq Select criteria :: based on conservation, expression,
                                      longest protein
            ##RefSeq-Attributes-END##
            COMPLETENESS: full length.
PRIMARY     REFSEQ_SPAN         PRIMARY_IDENTIFIER PRIMARY_SPAN        COMP
            1-15                DW408689.1         65-79
            16-2607             BC008071.2         1-2592
            2608-4309           AL359844.15        124574-126275
            4310-4664           AA446317.1         10-364              c
FEATURES             Location/Qualifiers
     source          1..4664
                     /organism="Homo sapiens"
                     /mol_type="mRNA"
                     /db_xref="taxon:9606"
                     /chromosome="10"
                     /map="10q22.1"
     gene            1..4664
                     /gene="DDX21"
                     /gene_synonym="gu-alpha; GUA; GURDB; II/Gu; RH; RH II/Gu;
                     RH-II/GU; RH-II/GuA"
                     /note="DExD-box helicase 21"
                     /db_xref="GeneID:9188"
                     /db_xref="HGNC:HGNC:2744"
                     /db_xref="MIM:606357"
     exon            1..143
                     /gene="DDX21"
                     /gene_synonym="gu-alpha; GUA; GURDB; II/Gu; RH; RH II/Gu;
                     RH-II/GU; RH-II/GuA"
                     /inference="alignment:Splign:2.1.0"
     CDS             57..2408
                     /gene="DDX21"
                     /gene_synonym="gu-alpha; GUA; GURDB; II/Gu; RH; RH II/Gu;
                     RH-II/GU; RH-II/GuA"
                     /EC_number="3.6.4.13"
                     /note="isoform 1 is encoded by transcript variant 1; Gu
                     protein; RNA helicase II/Gu alpha; DEAD/H
                     (Asp-Glu-Ala-Asp/His) box polypeptide 21; nucleolar RNA
                     helicase 2; DEAD box protein 21; nucleolar RNA helicase
                     Gu; DEAD (Asp-Glu-Ala-Asp) box helicase 21; nucleolar RNA
                     helicase II; DEAD-box helicase 21"
                     /codon_start=1
                     /product="nucleolar RNA helicase 2 isoform 1"
                     /protein_id="NP_004719.2"
                     /db_xref="CCDS:CCDS31211.1"
                     /db_xref="GeneID:9188"
                     /db_xref="HGNC:HGNC:2744"
                     /db_xref="MIM:606357"
                     /translation="MPGKLRSDAGLESDTAMKKGETLRKQTEEKEKKEKPKSDKTEEI
                     AEEEETVFPKAKQVKKKAEPSEVDMNSPKSKKAKKKEEPSQNDISPKTKSLRKKKEPI
                     EKKVVSSKTKKVTKNEEPSEEEIDAPKPKKMKKEKEMNGETREKSPKLKNGFPHPEPD
                     CNPSEAASEESNSEIEQEIPVEQKEGAFSNFPISEETIKLLKGRGVTFLFPIQAKTFH
                     HVYSGKDLIAQARTGTGKTFSFAIPLIEKLHGELQDRKRGRAPQVLVLAPTRELANQV
                     SKDFSDITKKLSVACFYGGTPYGGQFERMRNGIDILVGTPGRIKDHIQNGKLDLTKLK
                     HVVLDEVDQMLDMGFADQVEEILSVAYKKDSEDNPQTLLFSATCPHWVFNVAKKYMKS
                     TYEQVDLIGKKTQKTAITVEHLAIKCHWTQRAAVIGDVIRVYSGHQGRTIIFCETKKE
                     AQELSQNSAIKQDAQSLHGDIPQKQREITLKGFRNGSFGVLVATNVAARGLDIPEVDL
                     VIQSSPPKDVESYIHRSGRTGRAGRTGVCICFYQHKEEYQLVQVEQKAGIKFKRIGVP
                     SATEIIKASSKDAIRLLDSVPPTAISHFKQSAEKLIEEKGAVEALAAALAHISGATSV
                     DQRSLINSNVGFVTMILQCSIEMPNISYAWKELKEQLGEEIDSKVKGMVFLKGKLGVC
                     FDVPTASVTEIQEKWHDSRRWQLSVATEQPELEGPREGYGGFRGQREGSRGFRGQRDG
                     NRRFRGQREGSRGPRGQRSGGGNKSNRSQNKGQKRSFSKAFGQ"
     exon            144..587
                     /gene="DDX21"
                     /gene_synonym="gu-alpha; GUA; GURDB; II/Gu; RH; RH II/Gu;
                     RH-II/GU; RH-II/GuA"
                     /inference="alignment:Splign:2.1.0"
     exon            588..663
                     /gene="DDX21"
                     /gene_synonym="gu-alpha; GUA; GURDB; II/Gu; RH; RH II/Gu;
                     RH-II/GU; RH-II/GuA"
                     /inference="alignment:Splign:2.1.0"
     exon            664..842
                     /gene="DDX21"
                     /gene_synonym="gu-alpha; GUA; GURDB; II/Gu; RH; RH II/Gu;
                     RH-II/GU; RH-II/GuA"
                     /inference="alignment:Splign:2.1.0"
     exon            843..960
                     /gene="DDX21"
                     /gene_synonym="gu-alpha; GUA; GURDB; II/Gu; RH; RH II/Gu;
                     RH-II/GU; RH-II/GuA"
                     /inference="alignment:Splign:2.1.0"
     exon            961..1146
                     /gene="DDX21"
                     /gene_synonym="gu-alpha; GUA; GURDB; II/Gu; RH; RH II/Gu;
                     RH-II/GU; RH-II/GuA"
                     /inference="alignment:Splign:2.1.0"
     exon            1147..1292
                     /gene="DDX21"
                     /gene_synonym="gu-alpha; GUA; GURDB; II/Gu; RH; RH II/Gu;
                     RH-II/GU; RH-II/GuA"
                     /inference="alignment:Splign:2.1.0"
     exon            1293..1442
                     /gene="DDX21"
                     /gene_synonym="gu-alpha; GUA; GURDB; II/Gu; RH; RH II/Gu;
                     RH-II/GU; RH-II/GuA"
                     /inference="alignment:Splign:2.1.0"
     exon            1443..1604
                     /gene="DDX21"
                     /gene_synonym="gu-alpha; GUA; GURDB; II/Gu; RH; RH II/Gu;
                     RH-II/GU; RH-II/GuA"
                     /inference="alignment:Splign:2.1.0"
     exon            1605..1724
                     /gene="DDX21"
                     /gene_synonym="gu-alpha; GUA; GURDB; II/Gu; RH; RH II/Gu;
                     RH-II/GU; RH-II/GuA"
                     /inference="alignment:Splign:2.1.0"
     exon            1725..1798
                     /gene="DDX21"
                     /gene_synonym="gu-alpha; GUA; GURDB; II/Gu; RH; RH II/Gu;
                     RH-II/GU; RH-II/GuA"
                     /inference="alignment:Splign:2.1.0"
     exon            1799..1958
                     /gene="DDX21"
                     /gene_synonym="gu-alpha; GUA; GURDB; II/Gu; RH; RH II/Gu;
                     RH-II/GU; RH-II/GuA"
                     /inference="alignment:Splign:2.1.0"
     exon            1959..2093
                     /gene="DDX21"
                     /gene_synonym="gu-alpha; GUA; GURDB; II/Gu; RH; RH II/Gu;
                     RH-II/GU; RH-II/GuA"
                     /inference="alignment:Splign:2.1.0"
     exon            2094..2138
                     /gene="DDX21"
                     /gene_synonym="gu-alpha; GUA; GURDB; II/Gu; RH; RH II/Gu;
                     RH-II/GU; RH-II/GuA"
                     /inference="alignment:Splign:2.1.0"
     exon            2139..4664
                     /gene="DDX21"
                     /gene_synonym="gu-alpha; GUA; GURDB; II/Gu; RH; RH II/Gu;
                     RH-II/GU; RH-II/GuA"
                     /inference="alignment:Splign:2.1.0"
     regulatory      4644..4649
                     /regulatory_class="polyA_signal_sequence"
                     /gene="DDX21"
                     /gene_synonym="gu-alpha; GUA; GURDB; II/Gu; RH; RH II/Gu;
                     RH-II/GU; RH-II/GuA"
                     /note="hexamer: AATAAA"
     polyA_site      4664
                     /gene="DDX21"
                     /gene_synonym="gu-alpha; GUA; GURDB; II/Gu; RH; RH II/Gu;
                     RH-II/GU; RH-II/GuA"
                     /note="major polyA site"
ORIGIN      
        1 ctcttcctct ccacgcggtt gagaagaccg gtcggcctgg gcaacctgcg ctgaagatgc
       61 cgggaaaact ccgtagtgac gctggtttgg aatcagacac cgcaatgaaa aaaggggaga
      121 cactgcgaaa gcaaaccgag gagaaagaga aaaaagagaa gccaaaatct gataagactg
      181 aagagatagc agaagaggaa gaaactgttt tccccaaagc taaacaagtt aaaaagaaag
      241 cagagccttc tgaagttgac atgaattctc ctaaatccaa aaaggcaaaa aagaaagagg
      301 agccatctca aaatgacatt tctcctaaaa ccaaaagttt gagaaagaaa aaggagccca
      361 ttgaaaagaa agtggtttct tctaaaacca aaaaagtgac aaaaaatgag gagccttctg
      421 aggaagaaat agatgctcct aagcccaaga agatgaagaa agaaaaggaa atgaatggag
      481 aaactagaga gaaaagcccc aaactgaaga atggatttcc tcatcctgaa ccggactgta
      541 accccagtga agctgccagt gaagaaagta acagtgagat agagcaggaa atacctgtgg
      601 aacaaaaaga aggcgctttc tctaattttc ccatatctga agaaactatt aaacttctca
      661 aaggccgagg agtgaccttc ctatttccta tacaagcaaa gacattccat catgtttaca
      721 gcgggaagga cttaattgca caggcacgga caggaactgg gaagacattc tcctttgcca
      781 tccctttgat tgagaaactt catggggaac tgcaagacag gaagagaggc cgtgcccctc
      841 aggtactggt tcttgcacct acaagagagt tggcaaatca agtaagcaaa gacttcagtg
      901 acatcacaaa aaagctgtca gtggcttgtt tttatggtgg aactccctat ggaggtcaat
      961 ttgaacgcat gaggaatggg attgatatcc tggttggaac accaggtcgt atcaaagacc
     1021 acatacagaa tggcaaacta gatctcacca aacttaagca tgttgtcctg gatgaagtgg
     1081 accagatgtt ggatatggga tttgctgatc aagtggaaga gattttaagt gtggcataca
     1141 agaaagattc tgaagacaat ccccaaacat tgcttttttc tgcaacttgc cctcattggg
     1201 tatttaatgt tgccaagaaa tacatgaaat ctacatatga acaggtggac ctgattggta
     1261 aaaagactca gaaaacggca ataactgtgg agcatctggc tattaagtgc cactggactc
     1321 agagggcagc agttattggg gatgtcatcc gagtatatag tggtcatcaa ggacgcacta
     1381 tcatcttttg tgaaaccaag aaagaagccc aggagctgtc ccagaattca gctataaagc
     1441 aggatgctca gtccttgcat ggagacattc cacagaagca aagggaaatc accctgaaag
     1501 gttttagaaa tggtagtttt ggagttttgg tggcaaccaa tgttgctgca cgtgggttag
     1561 acatccctga ggttgatttg gttatacaaa gctctccacc aaaggatgta gagtcctaca
     1621 ttcatcgatc cgggcggaca ggcagagctg gaaggacggg ggtgtgcatc tgcttttatc
     1681 agcacaagga agaatatcag ttagtacaag tggagcaaaa agcgggaatt aagttcaaac
     1741 gaataggtgt tccttctgca acagaaataa taaaagcttc cagcaaagat gccatcaggc
     1801 ttttggattc cgtgcctccc actgccatta gtcacttcaa acaatcagct gagaagctga
     1861 tagaggagaa gggagctgtg gaagctctgg cagcagcact ggcccatatt tcaggtgcca
     1921 cgtccgtaga ccagcgctcc ttgatcaact caaatgtggg ttttgtgacc atgatcttgc
     1981 agtgctcaat tgaaatgcca aatattagtt atgcttggaa agaacttaaa gagcagctgg
     2041 gcgaggagat tgattccaaa gtgaagggaa tggtttttct caaaggaaag ctgggtgttt
     2101 gctttgatgt acctaccgca tcagtaacag aaatacagga gaaatggcat gattcacgac
     2161 gctggcagct ctctgtggcc acagagcaac cagaactgga aggaccacgg gaaggatatg
     2221 gaggcttcag gggacagcgg gaaggcagtc gaggcttcag gggacagcgg gacggaaaca
     2281 gaagattcag aggacagcgg gaaggcagta gaggcccgag aggacagcga tcaggaggtg
     2341 gcaacaaaag taacagatcc caaaacaaag gccagaagcg gagtttcagt aaagcatttg
     2401 gtcaataatt agaaatagaa gatttatata gcaaaaagag aatgatgttt ggcaatatag
     2461 aactgaacat tatttttcat gcaaagttaa aagcacattg tgcctccttt tgaccacttg
     2521 ccaagtccct gtctctttca gacacagaca agcttcattt aaattatttc atctgatcat
     2581 tatcatttat aactttattg ttacttcttc atcagttttt ccttttgaaa ggtgtatgaa
     2641 ttcattacat ttttattcta atgtattatc tgtagattag aagataaaat caagcatgta
     2701 tctgcctata ctttgtgagt tcacctgtct ttatactcaa aagtgtccct taatagtgtc
     2761 cttccctgaa ataaatacct aagggagtgt aacagtctct ggaggaccac tttgagcctt
     2821 tggaagttaa ggtttcctca gccacctgcc gaacagtttc tcatgtggtc ctattatttg
     2881 tctactgaga cttaatactg agcaatgttt tgaaacaaga tttcaaacta atctgggttg
     2941 taatacagtt tataccagtg tatgctctag acttggaaga tgtagtatgt ttgatgtgga
     3001 ttacctatac ttatgttcgt tttgatacat ttttagcttc tcattataag gtgattcatg
     3061 ctttagtgaa ttcttcatag atagtatata taaaagtaca ttttaataga aagccagggt
     3121 tttaaggaat ttcacatgta taaggtggct ccatagcttt atttgtaagt aggctggata
     3181 aatggtgctt aaatggtaat gtactccact tcttcctatt ggaagattaa cattatttac
     3241 caagaaggac ttaagggagt agggggcgca gattagcatt gctcaagagt atgtaaaaaa
     3301 aaaaaaaaaa aaaaagaacc aaaccactgg aaataatcaa atgcaaaaag gtaacaaatt
     3361 cataactgga aagcaaagag aagaacaagt atgatttgga tgataaagca ttgttttaat
     3421 ggtgaaaact tcacagatca ctaatgtttc tagaggttaa cttcaagtgg gcaagctggg
     3481 gtttttaggt agtcagtggc ctagttccta aagccacagt ataggatctg ttaaactgaa
     3541 tgtctgttga aagtttgttt tagctgcttg gaggcttcct tttaagacaa actgtatgtg
     3601 attaagttgt tttgagggaa ctgaagaacc tgatgtagcc cctggccaga taactgcctg
     3661 atttctcaga tattatttct ctgggaaaca ttctacatag cacaggagct taagagtggc
     3721 attatcttct cgccttaatt tccagagatt atttctgtac tgagaatcct ggaactacta
     3781 tgctaggaaa tttaaagctg catggtctgt cttgttttca tttaattatt gtgaatacct
     3841 agaatctttc ttggtcctga tttctcttgc ttaatccagt ctttatctct aactgcccct
     3901 tatttgatca ccatgtacta ggagctctga tagccagctc agctcctaat ccttgaggca
     3961 acattctttt tctatttgaa cttcagttct gtccttgaat cccgactaga tatttcttgc
     4021 cctctggtct cagaattctc ttggctttta ttccttgatc cacttgccag ttttatcact
     4081 ttacccttgt tcctcatggc ttcccatcaa gccatgggta ttaggtgaca gtgtaattta
     4141 ttagattctg gttttgccca aatactgggc atgctttaat aataactgaa ccatttcatt
     4201 atttggatag gcatgggtac cttatcaagc agattaaaag gatatggtac ccgtccttta
     4261 gaaaagaaca gctaaaacct tgttgtggat tatggattta gcctaaagaa aaataatctg
     4321 gcataaatta agagtaagag agaagattaa tagaaatttc acttcacata acttaaaaca
     4381 tggctatttc aataaaggac taaagtttct cctggatccc agaattcaac ctgtatttat
     4441 aaatgtataa tgtatttagc tactttttgg tttaaatgaa cttgttgggt tagcttggta
     4501 aatgttataa tttttactat tttctacaaa gaaaatattt tctaatttaa gttggagcta
     4561 tctgtgcagc agtttctcta cagttgtgca taaatgtttt tactataaaa tgagctaatg
     4621 tataaaatac tgctgtatac cataataaag atagtaatac ttga
//
