LOCUS       NM_001410932            4502 bp    mRNA    linear   PRI 20-FEB-2025
DEFINITION  Homo sapiens DExD-box helicase 21 (DDX21), transcript variant 3,
            mRNA.
ACCESSION   NM_001410932 XM_011540336
VERSION     NM_001410932.1
KEYWORDS    RefSeq.
SOURCE      Homo sapiens (human)
  ORGANISM  Homo sapiens
            Eukaryota; Metazoa; Chordata; Craniata; Vertebrata; Euteleostomi;
            Mammalia; Eutheria; Euarchontoglires; Primates; Haplorrhini;
            Catarrhini; Hominidae; Homo.
REFERENCE   1  (bases 1 to 4502)
  AUTHORS   Tang,W., Yang,Y., Fu,Z., Xu,W., Ou,W., Liu,F., Du,P. and Liu,C.Y.
  TITLE     The RNA helicase DDX21 activates YAP to promote tumorigenesis and
            is transcriptionally upregulated by beta-catenin in colorectal
            cancer
  JOURNAL   Oncogene 43 (44), 3227-3239 (2024)
   PUBMED   39285230
  REMARK    GeneRIF: The RNA helicase DDX21 activates YAP to promote
            tumorigenesis and is transcriptionally upregulated by beta-catenin
            in colorectal cancer.
REFERENCE   2  (bases 1 to 4502)
  AUTHORS   Khoroshkin,M., Buyan,A., Dodel,M., Navickas,A., Yu,J., Trejo,F.,
            Doty,A., Baratam,R., Zhou,S., Lee,S.B., Joshi,T., Garcia,K.,
            Choi,B., Miglani,S., Subramanyam,V., Modi,H., Carpenter,C.,
            Markett,D., Corces,M.R., Mardakheh,F.K., Kulakovskiy,I.V. and
            Goodarzi,H.
  TITLE     Systematic identification of post-transcriptional regulatory
            modules
  JOURNAL   Nat Commun 15 (1), 7872 (2024)
   PUBMED   39251607
  REMARK    Erratum:[Nat Commun. 2024 Oct 28;15(1):9277. doi:
            10.1038/s41467-024-52903-4.. PMID: 39468017]
            Publication Status: Online-Only
REFERENCE   3  (bases 1 to 4502)
  AUTHORS   Zhang,G., Yang,R., Wang,B., Yan,Q., Zhao,P., Zhang,J., Su,W.,
            Yang,L. and Cui,H.
  TITLE     TRIP13 regulates progression of gastric cancer through stabilising
            the expression of DDX21
  JOURNAL   Cell Death Dis 15 (8), 622 (2024)
   PUBMED   39187490
  REMARK    GeneRIF: TRIP13 regulates progression of gastric cancer through
            stabilising the expression of DDX21.
            Publication Status: Online-Only
REFERENCE   4  (bases 1 to 4502)
  AUTHORS   Jiang,Y., Sun,S., Liu,X., Su,K., Zhang,C., Zhang,P., Zhao,Z.,
            Su,Y., Wang,C. and Du,X.
  TITLE     U3 snoRNA inter-regulates with DDX21 in the perichromosomal region
            to control mitosis
  JOURNAL   Cell Death Dis 15 (5), 342 (2024)
   PUBMED   38760378
  REMARK    GeneRIF: U3 snoRNA inter-regulates with DDX21 in the
            perichromosomal region to control mitosis.
            Publication Status: Online-Only
REFERENCE   5  (bases 1 to 4502)
  AUTHORS   Valdez,B.C., Yang,H., Hong,E. and Sequitin,A.M.
  TITLE     Genomic structure of newly identified paralogue of RNA helicase
            II/Gu: detection of pseudogenes and multiple alternatively spliced
            mRNAs
  JOURNAL   Gene 284 (1-2), 53-61 (2002)
   PUBMED   11891046
REFERENCE   6  (bases 1 to 4502)
  AUTHORS   Zhu,K., Henning,D., Valdez,B. and Busch,H.
  TITLE     Human RNA helicase II/Gu gene: genomic organization and promoter
            analysis
  JOURNAL   Biochem Biophys Res Commun 281 (4), 1006-1011 (2001)
   PUBMED   11237763
REFERENCE   7  (bases 1 to 4502)
  AUTHORS   Valdez,B.C. and Wang,W.
  TITLE     Mouse RNA helicase II/Gu: cDNA and genomic sequences, chromosomal
            localization, and regulation of expression
  JOURNAL   Genomics 66 (2), 184-194 (2000)
   PUBMED   10860663
REFERENCE   8  (bases 1 to 4502)
  AUTHORS   Valdez,B.C., Henning,D., Perumal,K. and Busch,H.
  TITLE     RNA-unwinding and RNA-folding activities of RNA helicase II/Gu--two
            activities in separate domains of the same protein
  JOURNAL   Eur J Biochem 250 (3), 800-807 (1997)
   PUBMED   9461305
REFERENCE   9  (bases 1 to 4502)
  AUTHORS   Valdez,B.C., Henning,D., Perlaky,L., Busch,R.K. and Busch,H.
  TITLE     Cloning and characterization of Gu/RH-II binding protein
  JOURNAL   Biochem Biophys Res Commun 234 (2), 335-340 (1997)
   PUBMED   9177271
REFERENCE   10 (bases 1 to 4502)
  AUTHORS   Valdez,B.C., Henning,D., Busch,R.K., Woods,K., Flores-Rozas,H.,
            Hurwitz,J., Perlaky,L. and Busch,H.
  TITLE     A nucleolar RNA helicase recognized by autoimmune antibodies from a
            patient with watermelon stomach disease
  JOURNAL   Nucleic Acids Res 24 (7), 1220-1224 (1996)
   PUBMED   8614622
COMMENT     REVIEWED REFSEQ: This record has been curated by NCBI staff. The
            reference sequence was derived from AL359844.15.
            
            On Aug 18, 2022 this sequence version replaced XM_011540336.2.
            
            Summary: DEAD box proteins, characterized by the conserved motif
            Asp-Glu-Ala-Asp (DEAD), are putative RNA helicases. They are
            implicated in a number of cellular processes involving alteration
            of RNA secondary structure such as translation initiation, nuclear
            and mitochondrial splicing, and ribosome and spliceosome assembly.
            Based on their distribution patterns, some members of this family
            are believed to be involved in embryogenesis, spermatogenesis, and
            cellular growth and division. This gene encodes a DEAD box protein,
            which is an antigen recognized by autoimmune antibodies from a
            patient with watermelon stomach disease. This protein unwinds
            double-stranded RNA, folds single-stranded RNA, and may play
            important roles in ribosomal RNA biogenesis, RNA editing, RNA
            transport, and general transcription. [provided by RefSeq, Jul
            2008].
            
            Publication Note:  This RefSeq record includes a subset of the
            publications that are available for this gene. Please see the Gene
            record to access additional publications.
            
            ##Evidence-Data-START##
            Transcript exon combination :: SRR14038191.4115963.1,
                                           SRR14038194.2613953.1 [ECO:0000332]
            RNAseq introns              :: single sample supports all introns
                                           SAMEA1965299, SAMEA1968189
                                           [ECO:0000348]
            ##Evidence-Data-END##
PRIMARY     REFSEQ_SPAN         PRIMARY_IDENTIFIER PRIMARY_SPAN        COMP
            1-143               AL359844.15        97732-97874
            144-587             AL359844.15        101368-101811
            588-663             AL359844.15        103644-103719
            664-842             AL359844.15        104853-105031
            843-960             AL359844.15        106939-107056
            961-1146            AL359844.15        108580-108765
            1147-1292           AL359844.15        110538-110683
            1293-1442           AL359844.15        111763-111912
            1443-1562           AL359844.15        115107-115226
            1563-1636           AL359844.15        116232-116305
            1637-1796           AL359844.15        119091-119250
            1797-1931           AL359844.15        120404-120538
            1932-1976           AL359844.15        123099-123143
            1977-4502           AL359844.15        124105-126630
FEATURES             Location/Qualifiers
     source          1..4502
                     /organism="Homo sapiens"
                     /mol_type="mRNA"
                     /db_xref="taxon:9606"
                     /chromosome="10"
                     /map="10q22.1"
     gene            1..4502
                     /gene="DDX21"
                     /gene_synonym="gu-alpha; GUA; GURDB; II/Gu; RH; RH II/Gu;
                     RH-II/GU; RH-II/GuA"
                     /note="DExD-box helicase 21"
                     /db_xref="GeneID:9188"
                     /db_xref="HGNC:HGNC:2744"
                     /db_xref="MIM:606357"
     exon            1..143
                     /gene="DDX21"
                     /gene_synonym="gu-alpha; GUA; GURDB; II/Gu; RH; RH II/Gu;
                     RH-II/GU; RH-II/GuA"
                     /inference="alignment:Splign:2.1.0"
     CDS             57..2246
                     /gene="DDX21"
                     /gene_synonym="gu-alpha; GUA; GURDB; II/Gu; RH; RH II/Gu;
                     RH-II/GU; RH-II/GuA"
                     /EC_number="3.6.4.13"
                     /note="isoform 3 is encoded by transcript variant 3; Gu
                     protein; RNA helicase II/Gu alpha; DEAD/H
                     (Asp-Glu-Ala-Asp/His) box polypeptide 21; nucleolar RNA
                     helicase 2; DEAD box protein 21; nucleolar RNA helicase
                     Gu; DEAD (Asp-Glu-Ala-Asp) box helicase 21; nucleolar RNA
                     helicase II; DEAD-box helicase 21"
                     /codon_start=1
                     /product="nucleolar RNA helicase 2 isoform 3"
                     /protein_id="NP_001397861.1"
                     /db_xref="CCDS:CCDS91249.1"
                     /db_xref="GeneID:9188"
                     /db_xref="HGNC:HGNC:2744"
                     /db_xref="MIM:606357"
                     /translation="MPGKLRSDAGLESDTAMKKGETLRKQTEEKEKKEKPKSDKTEEI
                     AEEEETVFPKAKQVKKKAEPSEVDMNSPKSKKAKKKEEPSQNDISPKTKSLRKKKEPI
                     EKKVVSSKTKKVTKNEEPSEEEIDAPKPKKMKKEKEMNGETREKSPKLKNGFPHPEPD
                     CNPSEAASEESNSEIEQEIPVEQKEGAFSNFPISEETIKLLKGRGVTFLFPIQAKTFH
                     HVYSGKDLIAQARTGTGKTFSFAIPLIEKLHGELQDRKRGRAPQVLVLAPTRELANQV
                     SKDFSDITKKLSVACFYGGTPYGGQFERMRNGIDILVGTPGRIKDHIQNGKLDLTKLK
                     HVVLDEVDQMLDMGFADQVEEILSVAYKKDSEDNPQTLLFSATCPHWVFNVAKKYMKS
                     TYEQVDLIGKKTQKTAITVEHLAIKCHWTQRAAVIGDVIRVYSGHQGRTIIFCETKKE
                     AQELSQNSAIKQDVESYIHRSGRTGRAGRTGVCICFYQHKEEYQLVQVEQKAGIKFKR
                     IGVPSATEIIKASSKDAIRLLDSVPPTAISHFKQSAEKLIEEKGAVEALAAALAHISG
                     ATSVDQRSLINSNVGFVTMILQCSIEMPNISYAWKELKEQLGEEIDSKVKGMVFLKGK
                     LGVCFDVPTASVTEIQEKWHDSRRWQLSVATEQPELEGPREGYGGFRGQREGSRGFRG
                     QRDGNRRFRGQREGSRGPRGQRSGGGNKSNRSQNKGQKRSFSKAFGQ"
     exon            144..587
                     /gene="DDX21"
                     /gene_synonym="gu-alpha; GUA; GURDB; II/Gu; RH; RH II/Gu;
                     RH-II/GU; RH-II/GuA"
                     /inference="alignment:Splign:2.1.0"
     exon            588..663
                     /gene="DDX21"
                     /gene_synonym="gu-alpha; GUA; GURDB; II/Gu; RH; RH II/Gu;
                     RH-II/GU; RH-II/GuA"
                     /inference="alignment:Splign:2.1.0"
     exon            664..842
                     /gene="DDX21"
                     /gene_synonym="gu-alpha; GUA; GURDB; II/Gu; RH; RH II/Gu;
                     RH-II/GU; RH-II/GuA"
                     /inference="alignment:Splign:2.1.0"
     exon            843..960
                     /gene="DDX21"
                     /gene_synonym="gu-alpha; GUA; GURDB; II/Gu; RH; RH II/Gu;
                     RH-II/GU; RH-II/GuA"
                     /inference="alignment:Splign:2.1.0"
     exon            961..1146
                     /gene="DDX21"
                     /gene_synonym="gu-alpha; GUA; GURDB; II/Gu; RH; RH II/Gu;
                     RH-II/GU; RH-II/GuA"
                     /inference="alignment:Splign:2.1.0"
     exon            1147..1292
                     /gene="DDX21"
                     /gene_synonym="gu-alpha; GUA; GURDB; II/Gu; RH; RH II/Gu;
                     RH-II/GU; RH-II/GuA"
                     /inference="alignment:Splign:2.1.0"
     exon            1293..1442
                     /gene="DDX21"
                     /gene_synonym="gu-alpha; GUA; GURDB; II/Gu; RH; RH II/Gu;
                     RH-II/GU; RH-II/GuA"
                     /inference="alignment:Splign:2.1.0"
     exon            1443..1562
                     /gene="DDX21"
                     /gene_synonym="gu-alpha; GUA; GURDB; II/Gu; RH; RH II/Gu;
                     RH-II/GU; RH-II/GuA"
                     /inference="alignment:Splign:2.1.0"
     exon            1563..1636
                     /gene="DDX21"
                     /gene_synonym="gu-alpha; GUA; GURDB; II/Gu; RH; RH II/Gu;
                     RH-II/GU; RH-II/GuA"
                     /inference="alignment:Splign:2.1.0"
     exon            1637..1796
                     /gene="DDX21"
                     /gene_synonym="gu-alpha; GUA; GURDB; II/Gu; RH; RH II/Gu;
                     RH-II/GU; RH-II/GuA"
                     /inference="alignment:Splign:2.1.0"
     exon            1797..1931
                     /gene="DDX21"
                     /gene_synonym="gu-alpha; GUA; GURDB; II/Gu; RH; RH II/Gu;
                     RH-II/GU; RH-II/GuA"
                     /inference="alignment:Splign:2.1.0"
     exon            1932..1976
                     /gene="DDX21"
                     /gene_synonym="gu-alpha; GUA; GURDB; II/Gu; RH; RH II/Gu;
                     RH-II/GU; RH-II/GuA"
                     /inference="alignment:Splign:2.1.0"
     exon            1977..4502
                     /gene="DDX21"
                     /gene_synonym="gu-alpha; GUA; GURDB; II/Gu; RH; RH II/Gu;
                     RH-II/GU; RH-II/GuA"
                     /inference="alignment:Splign:2.1.0"
     regulatory      4482..4487
                     /regulatory_class="polyA_signal_sequence"
                     /gene="DDX21"
                     /gene_synonym="gu-alpha; GUA; GURDB; II/Gu; RH; RH II/Gu;
                     RH-II/GU; RH-II/GuA"
                     /note="hexamer: AATAAA"
     polyA_site      4502
                     /gene="DDX21"
                     /gene_synonym="gu-alpha; GUA; GURDB; II/Gu; RH; RH II/Gu;
                     RH-II/GU; RH-II/GuA"
                     /note="major polyA site"
ORIGIN      
        1 ctcttcctct ccacgcggtt gagaagaccg gtcggcctgg gcaacctgcg ctgaagatgc
       61 cgggaaaact ccgtagtgac gctggtttgg aatcagacac cgcaatgaaa aaaggggaga
      121 cactgcgaaa gcaaaccgag gagaaagaga aaaaagagaa gccaaaatct gataagactg
      181 aagagatagc agaagaggaa gaaactgttt tccccaaagc taaacaagtt aaaaagaaag
      241 cagagccttc tgaagttgac atgaattctc ctaaatccaa aaaggcaaaa aagaaagagg
      301 agccatctca aaatgacatt tctcctaaaa ccaaaagttt gagaaagaaa aaggagccca
      361 ttgaaaagaa agtggtttct tctaaaacca aaaaagtgac aaaaaatgag gagccttctg
      421 aggaagaaat agatgctcct aagcccaaga agatgaagaa agaaaaggaa atgaatggag
      481 aaactagaga gaaaagcccc aaactgaaga atggatttcc tcatcctgaa ccggactgta
      541 accccagtga agctgccagt gaagaaagta acagtgagat agagcaggaa atacctgtgg
      601 aacaaaaaga aggcgctttc tctaattttc ccatatctga agaaactatt aaacttctca
      661 aaggccgagg agtgaccttc ctatttccta tacaagcaaa gacattccat catgtttaca
      721 gcgggaagga cttaattgca caggcacgga caggaactgg gaagacattc tcctttgcca
      781 tccctttgat tgagaaactt catggggaac tgcaagacag gaagagaggc cgtgcccctc
      841 aggtactggt tcttgcacct acaagagagt tggcaaatca agtaagcaaa gacttcagtg
      901 acatcacaaa aaagctgtca gtggcttgtt tttatggtgg aactccctat ggaggtcaat
      961 ttgaacgcat gaggaatggg attgatatcc tggttggaac accaggtcgt atcaaagacc
     1021 acatacagaa tggcaaacta gatctcacca aacttaagca tgttgtcctg gatgaagtgg
     1081 accagatgtt ggatatggga tttgctgatc aagtggaaga gattttaagt gtggcataca
     1141 agaaagattc tgaagacaat ccccaaacat tgcttttttc tgcaacttgc cctcattggg
     1201 tatttaatgt tgccaagaaa tacatgaaat ctacatatga acaggtggac ctgattggta
     1261 aaaagactca gaaaacggca ataactgtgg agcatctggc tattaagtgc cactggactc
     1321 agagggcagc agttattggg gatgtcatcc gagtatatag tggtcatcaa ggacgcacta
     1381 tcatcttttg tgaaaccaag aaagaagccc aggagctgtc ccagaattca gctataaagc
     1441 aggatgtaga gtcctacatt catcgatccg ggcggacagg cagagctgga aggacggggg
     1501 tgtgcatctg cttttatcag cacaaggaag aatatcagtt agtacaagtg gagcaaaaag
     1561 cgggaattaa gttcaaacga ataggtgttc cttctgcaac agaaataata aaagcttcca
     1621 gcaaagatgc catcaggctt ttggattccg tgcctcccac tgccattagt cacttcaaac
     1681 aatcagctga gaagctgata gaggagaagg gagctgtgga agctctggca gcagcactgg
     1741 cccatatttc aggtgccacg tccgtagacc agcgctcctt gatcaactca aatgtgggtt
     1801 ttgtgaccat gatcttgcag tgctcaattg aaatgccaaa tattagttat gcttggaaag
     1861 aacttaaaga gcagctgggc gaggagattg attccaaagt gaagggaatg gtttttctca
     1921 aaggaaagct gggtgtttgc tttgatgtac ctaccgcatc agtaacagaa atacaggaga
     1981 aatggcatga ttcacgacgc tggcagctct ctgtggccac agagcaacca gaactggaag
     2041 gaccacggga aggatatgga ggcttcaggg gacagcggga aggcagtcga ggcttcaggg
     2101 gacagcggga cggaaacaga agattcagag gacagcggga aggcagtaga ggcccgagag
     2161 gacagcgatc aggaggtggc aacaaaagta acagatccca aaacaaaggc cagaagcgga
     2221 gtttcagtaa agcatttggt caataattag aaatagaaga tttatatagc aaaaagagaa
     2281 tgatgtttgg caatatagaa ctgaacatta tttttcatgc aaagttaaaa gcacattgtg
     2341 cctccttttg accacttgcc aagtccctgt ctctttcaga cacagacaag cttcatttaa
     2401 attatttcat ctgatcatta tcatttataa ctttattgtt acttcttcat cagtttttcc
     2461 ttttgaaagg tgtatgaatt cattacattt ttattctaat gtattatctg tagattagaa
     2521 gataaaatca agcatgtatc tgcctatact ttgtgagttc acctgtcttt atactcaaaa
     2581 gtgtccctta atagtgtcct tccctgaaat aaatacctaa gggagtgtaa cagtctctgg
     2641 aggaccactt tgagcctttg gaagttaagg tttcctcagc cacctgccga acagtttctc
     2701 atgtggtcct attatttgtc tactgagact taatactgag caatgttttg aaacaagatt
     2761 tcaaactaat ctgggttgta atacagttta taccagtgta tgctctagac ttggaagatg
     2821 tagtatgttt gatgtggatt acctatactt atgttcgttt tgatacattt ttagcttctc
     2881 attataaggt gattcatgct ttagtgaatt cttcatagat agtatatata aaagtacatt
     2941 ttaatagaaa gccagggttt taaggaattt cacatgtata aggtggctcc atagctttat
     3001 ttgtaagtag gctggataaa tggtgcttaa atggtaatgt actccacttc ttcctattgg
     3061 aagattaaca ttatttacca agaaggactt aagggagtag ggggcgcaga ttagcattgc
     3121 tcaagagtat gtaaaaaaaa aaaaaaaaaa aaagaaccaa accactggaa ataatcaaat
     3181 gcaaaaaggt aacaaattca taactggaaa gcaaagagaa gaacaagtat gatttggatg
     3241 ataaagcatt gttttaatgg tgaaaacttc acagatcact aatgtttcta gaggttaact
     3301 tcaagtgggc aagctggggt ttttaggtag tcagtggcct agttcctaaa gccacagtat
     3361 aggatctgtt aaactgaatg tctgttgaaa gtttgtttta gctgcttgga ggcttccttt
     3421 taagacaaac tgtatgtgat taagttgttt tgagggaact gaagaacctg atgtagcccc
     3481 tggccagata actgcctgat ttctcagata ttatttctct gggaaacatt ctacatagca
     3541 caggagctta agagtggcat tatcttctcg ccttaatttc cagagattat ttctgtactg
     3601 agaatcctgg aactactatg ctaggaaatt taaagctgca tggtctgtct tgttttcatt
     3661 taattattgt gaatacctag aatctttctt ggtcctgatt tctcttgctt aatccagtct
     3721 ttatctctaa ctgcccctta tttgatcacc atgtactagg agctctgata gccagctcag
     3781 ctcctaatcc ttgaggcaac attctttttc tatttgaact tcagttctgt ccttgaatcc
     3841 cgactagata tttcttgccc tctggtctca gaattctctt ggcttttatt ccttgatcca
     3901 cttgccagtt ttatcacttt acccttgttc ctcatggctt cccatcaagc catgggtatt
     3961 aggtgacagt gtaatttatt agattctggt tttgcccaaa tactgggcat gctttaataa
     4021 taactgaacc atttcattat ttggataggc atgggtacct tatcaagcag attaaaagga
     4081 tatggtaccc gtcctttaga aaagaacagc taaaaccttg ttgtggatta tggatttagc
     4141 ctaaagaaaa ataatctggc ataaattaag agtaagagag aagattaata gaaatttcac
     4201 ttcacataac ttaaaacatg gctatttcaa taaaggacta aagtttctcc tggatcccag
     4261 aattcaacct gtatttataa atgtataatg tatttagcta ctttttggtt taaatgaact
     4321 tgttgggtta gcttggtaaa tgttataatt tttactattt tctacaaaga aaatattttc
     4381 taatttaagt tggagctatc tgtgcagcag tttctctaca gttgtgcata aatgttttta
     4441 ctataaaatg agctaatgta taaaatactg ctgtatacca taataaagat agtaatactt
     4501 ga
//
