LOCUS       NM_175859               3953 bp    mRNA    linear   PRI 20-SEP-2024
DEFINITION  Homo sapiens CTP synthase 2 (CTPS2), transcript variant 2, mRNA.
ACCESSION   NM_175859
VERSION     NM_175859.3
KEYWORDS    RefSeq; MANE Select.
SOURCE      Homo sapiens (human)
  ORGANISM  Homo sapiens
            Eukaryota; Metazoa; Chordata; Craniata; Vertebrata; Euteleostomi;
            Mammalia; Eutheria; Euarchontoglires; Primates; Haplorrhini;
            Catarrhini; Hominidae; Homo.
REFERENCE   1  (bases 1 to 3953)
  AUTHORS   Cho,N.H., Cheveralls,K.C., Brunner,A.D., Kim,K., Michaelis,A.C.,
            Raghavan,P., Kobayashi,H., Savy,L., Li,J.Y., Canaj,H., Kim,J.Y.S.,
            Stewart,E.M., Gnann,C., McCarthy,F., Cabrera,J.P., Brunetti,R.M.,
            Chhun,B.B., Dingle,G., Hein,M.Y., Huang,B., Mehta,S.B.,
            Weissman,J.S., Gomez-Sjoberg,R., Itzhak,D.N., Royer,L.A., Mann,M.
            and Leonetti,M.D.
  TITLE     OpenCell: Endogenous tagging for the cartography of human cellular
            organization
  JOURNAL   Science 375 (6585), eabi6983 (2022)
   PUBMED   35271311
REFERENCE   2  (bases 1 to 3953)
  AUTHORS   Morgenstern,M., Peikert,C.D., Lubbert,P., Suppanz,I., Klemm,C.,
            Alka,O., Steiert,C., Naumenko,N., Schendzielorz,A., Melchionda,L.,
            Muhlhauser,W.W.D., Knapp,B., Busch,J.D., Stiller,S.B.,
            Dannenmaier,S., Lindau,C., Licheva,M., Eickhorst,C., Galbusera,R.,
            Zerbes,R.M., Ryan,M.T., Kraft,C., Kozjak-Pavlovic,V., Drepper,F.,
            Dennerlein,S., Oeljeklaus,S., Pfanner,N., Wiedemann,N. and
            Warscheid,B.
  TITLE     Quantitative high-confidence human mitochondrial proteome and its
            dynamics in cellular context
  JOURNAL   Cell Metab 33 (12), 2464-2483 (2021)
   PUBMED   34800366
REFERENCE   3  (bases 1 to 3953)
  AUTHORS   Huttlin,E.L., Bruckner,R.J., Navarrete-Perea,J., Cannon,J.R.,
            Baltier,K., Gebreab,F., Gygi,M.P., Thornock,A., Zarraga,G., Tam,S.,
            Szpyt,J., Gassaway,B.M., Panov,A., Parzen,H., Fu,S., Golbazi,A.,
            Maenpaa,E., Stricker,K., Guha Thakurta,S., Zhang,T., Rad,R.,
            Pan,J., Nusinow,D.P., Paulo,J.A., Schweppe,D.K., Vaites,L.P.,
            Harper,J.W. and Gygi,S.P.
  TITLE     Dual proteome-scale networks reveal cell-specific remodeling of the
            human interactome
  JOURNAL   Cell 184 (11), 3022-3040 (2021)
   PUBMED   33961781
REFERENCE   4  (bases 1 to 3953)
  AUTHORS   Luck,K., Kim,D.K., Lambourne,L., Spirohn,K., Begg,B.E., Bian,W.,
            Brignall,R., Cafarelli,T., Campos-Laborie,F.J., Charloteaux,B.,
            Choi,D., Cote,A.G., Daley,M., Deimling,S., Desbuleux,A., Dricot,A.,
            Gebbia,M., Hardy,M.F., Kishore,N., Knapp,J.J., Kovacs,I.A.,
            Lemmens,I., Mee,M.W., Mellor,J.C., Pollis,C., Pons,C.,
            Richardson,A.D., Schlabach,S., Teeking,B., Yadav,A., Babor,M.,
            Balcha,D., Basha,O., Bowman-Colin,C., Chin,S.F., Choi,S.G.,
            Colabella,C., Coppin,G., D'Amata,C., De Ridder,D., De Rouck,S.,
            Duran-Frigola,M., Ennajdaoui,H., Goebels,F., Goehring,L., Gopal,A.,
            Haddad,G., Hatchi,E., Helmy,M., Jacob,Y., Kassa,Y., Landini,S.,
            Li,R., van Lieshout,N., MacWilliams,A., Markey,D., Paulson,J.N.,
            Rangarajan,S., Rasla,J., Rayhan,A., Rolland,T., San-Miguel,A.,
            Shen,Y., Sheykhkarimli,D., Sheynkman,G.M., Simonovsky,E., Tasan,M.,
            Tejeda,A., Tropepe,V., Twizere,J.C., Wang,Y., Weatheritt,R.J.,
            Weile,J., Xia,Y., Yang,X., Yeger-Lotem,E., Zhong,Q., Aloy,P.,
            Bader,G.D., De Las Rivas,J., Gaudet,S., Hao,T., Rak,J.,
            Tavernier,J., Hill,D.E., Vidal,M., Roth,F.P. and Calderwood,M.A.
  TITLE     A reference map of the human binary protein interactome
  JOURNAL   Nature 580 (7803), 402-408 (2020)
   PUBMED   32296183
REFERENCE   5  (bases 1 to 3953)
  AUTHORS   Zhong,Q., Pevzner,S.J., Hao,T., Wang,Y., Mosca,R., Menche,J.,
            Taipale,M., Tasan,M., Fan,C., Yang,X., Haley,P., Murray,R.R.,
            Mer,F., Gebreab,F., Tam,S., MacWilliams,A., Dricot,A., Reichert,P.,
            Santhanam,B., Ghamsari,L., Calderwood,M.A., Rolland,T.,
            Charloteaux,B., Lindquist,S., Barabasi,A.L., Hill,D.E., Aloy,P.,
            Cusick,M.E., Xia,Y., Roth,F.P. and Vidal,M.
  TITLE     An inter-species protein-protein interaction network across vast
            evolutionary distance
  JOURNAL   Mol Syst Biol 12 (4), 865 (2016)
   PUBMED   27107014
  REMARK    Publication Status: Online-Only
REFERENCE   6  (bases 1 to 3953)
  AUTHORS   Tan,W.L., Bhattacharya,B., Loh,M., Balasubramanian,I., Akram,M.,
            Dong,D., Wong,L., Thakkar,B., Salto-Tellez,M., Soo,R.A.,
            Fichtner,I., Iacopetta,B. and Soong,R.
  TITLE     Low cytosine triphosphate synthase 2 expression renders resistance
            to 5-fluorouracil in colorectal cancer
  JOURNAL   Cancer Biol Ther 11 (6), 599-608 (2011)
   PUBMED   21378502
  REMARK    GeneRIF: Low CTPS2 expression may be a rationally-based determinant
            of 5FU resistance.
REFERENCE   7  (bases 1 to 3953)
  AUTHORS   Gamazon,E.R., Im,H.K., O'Donnell,P.H., Ziliak,D., Stark,A.L.,
            Cox,N.J., Dolan,M.E. and Huang,R.S.
  TITLE     Comprehensive evaluation of the contribution of X chromosome genes
            to platinum sensitivity
  JOURNAL   Mol Cancer Ther 10 (3), 472-480 (2011)
   PUBMED   21252287
  REMARK    GeneRIF: CTPS2 was identified by genome-wide gene expression
            analyses as correlated with cellular sensitivity to cisplatin and
            carboplatin.
REFERENCE   8  (bases 1 to 3953)
  AUTHORS   Kassel,K.M., Au da,R., Higgins,M.J., Hines,M. and Graves,L.M.
  TITLE     Regulation of human cytidine triphosphate synthetase 2 by
            phosphorylation
  JOURNAL   J Biol Chem 285 (44), 33727-33736 (2010)
   PUBMED   20739275
  REMARK    GeneRIF: analysis of the kinetic properties of hCTPS1 and hCTPS2,
            and determination that Ser(68) is a major site of CTPS2 regulation
            by phosphorylation
REFERENCE   9  (bases 1 to 3953)
  AUTHORS   Han,G.S., Sreenivas,A., Choi,M.G., Chang,Y.F., Martin,S.S.,
            Baldwin,E.P. and Carman,G.M.
  TITLE     Expression of Human CTP synthetase in Saccharomyces cerevisiae
            reveals phosphorylation by protein kinase A
  JOURNAL   J Biol Chem 280 (46), 38328-38336 (2005)
   PUBMED   16179339
REFERENCE   10 (bases 1 to 3953)
  AUTHORS   van Kuilenburg,A.B., Meinsma,R., Vreken,P., Waterham,H.R. and van
            Gennip,A.H.
  TITLE     Identification of a cDNA encoding an isoform of human CTP
            synthetase
  JOURNAL   Biochim Biophys Acta 1492 (2-3), 548-552 (2000)
   PUBMED   10899599
COMMENT     REVIEWED REFSEQ: This record has been curated by NCBI staff. The
            reference sequence was derived from AL445467.6 and AC073909.25.
            This sequence is a reference standard in the RefSeqGene project.
            
            On Nov 23, 2018 this sequence version replaced NM_175859.2.
            
            Summary: The protein encoded by this gene catalyzes the formation
            of CTP from UTP with the concomitant deamination of glutamine to
            glutamate. This protein is the rate-limiting enzyme in the
            synthesis of cytosine nucleotides, which play an important role in
            various metabolic processes and provide the precursors necessary
            for the synthesis of RNA and DNA. Cancer cells that exhibit
            increased cell proliferation also exhibit an increased activity of
            this encoded protein. Thus, this protein is an attractive target
            for selective chemotherapy. Alternative splicing results in
            multiple transcript variants. [provided by RefSeq, Aug 2013].
            
            Transcript Variant: This variant (2) differs in the 5' UTR compared
            to variant 3. Variants 1, 2 and 3 encode the same protein.
            
            Publication Note:  This RefSeq record includes a subset of the
            publications that are available for this gene. Please see the Gene
            record to access additional publications.
            
            ##Evidence-Data-START##
            Transcript exon combination :: BC034986.1, SRR1803615.3917.1
                                           [ECO:0000332]
            RNAseq introns              :: mixed sample support SAMEA1965299,
                                           SAMEA1966682 [ECO:0006172]
            ##Evidence-Data-END##
            
            ##RefSeq-Attributes-START##
            MANE Ensembl match     :: ENST00000359276.9/ ENSP00000352222.4
            RefSeq Select criteria :: based on conservation, expression
            ##RefSeq-Attributes-END##
            COMPLETENESS: full length.
PRIMARY     REFSEQ_SPAN         PRIMARY_IDENTIFIER PRIMARY_SPAN        COMP
            1-335               AL445467.6         110332-110666       c
            336-540             AL445467.6         100734-100938       c
            541-711             AL445467.6         96920-97090         c
            712-812             AL445467.6         96233-96333         c
            813-929             AL445467.6         91368-91484         c
            930-1013            AL445467.6         91138-91221         c
            1014-1094           AL445467.6         89537-89617         c
            1095-1246           AL445467.6         87447-87598         c
            1247-1379           AL445467.6         81091-81223         c
            1380-1468           AL445467.6         76359-76447         c
            1469-1563           AL445467.6         68577-68671         c
            1564-1626           AL445467.6         65659-65721         c
            1627-1670           AL445467.6         65511-65554         c
            1671-1767           AL445467.6         37144-37240         c
            1768-1823           AL445467.6         18274-18329         c
            1824-1920           AL445467.6         15147-15243         c
            1921-2065           AL445467.6         7538-7682           c
            2066-2176           AC073909.25        11147-11257
            2177-3953           AC073909.25        12234-14010
FEATURES             Location/Qualifiers
     source          1..3953
                     /organism="Homo sapiens"
                     /mol_type="mRNA"
                     /db_xref="taxon:9606"
                     /chromosome="X"
                     /map="Xp22.2"
     gene            1..3953
                     /gene="CTPS2"
                     /gene_synonym="GATD5B"
                     /note="CTP synthase 2"
                     /db_xref="GeneID:56474"
                     /db_xref="HGNC:HGNC:2520"
                     /db_xref="MIM:300380"
     exon            1..335
                     /gene="CTPS2"
                     /gene_synonym="GATD5B"
                     /inference="alignment:Splign:2.1.0"
     exon            336..540
                     /gene="CTPS2"
                     /gene_synonym="GATD5B"
                     /inference="alignment:Splign:2.1.0"
     CDS             375..2135
                     /gene="CTPS2"
                     /gene_synonym="GATD5B"
                     /EC_number="6.3.4.2"
                     /note="CTP synthetase type 2; cytidine 5'-triphosphate
                     synthetase 2; UTP-ammonia ligase 2; CTP synthase II"
                     /codon_start=1
                     /product="CTP synthase 2"
                     /protein_id="NP_787055.1"
                     /db_xref="CCDS:CCDS14175.1"
                     /db_xref="GeneID:56474"
                     /db_xref="HGNC:HGNC:2520"
                     /db_xref="MIM:300380"
                     /translation="MKYILVTGGVISGIGKGIIASSIGTILKSCGLRVTAIKIDPYIN
                     IDAGTFSPYEHGEVFVLNDGGEVDLDLGNYERFLDINLYKDNNITTGKIYQHVINKER
                     RGDYLGKTVQVVPHITDAVQEWVMNQAKVPVDGNKEEPQICVIELGGTIGDIEGMPFV
                     EAFRQFQFKAKRENFCNIHVSLVPQLSATGEQKTKPTQNSVRALRGLGLSPDLIVCRS
                     STPIEMAVKEKISMFCHVNPEQVICIHDVSSTYRVPVLLEEQSIVKYFKERLHLPIGD
                     SASNLLFKWRNMADRYERLQKICSIALVGKYTKLRDCYASVFKALEHSALAINHKLNL
                     MYIDSIDLEKITETEDPVKFHEAWQKLCKADGILVPGGFGIRGTLGKLQAISWARTKK
                     IPFLGVCLGMQLAVIEFARNCLNLKDADSTEFRPNAPVPLVIDMPEHNPGNLGGTMRL
                     GIRRTVFKTENSILRKLYGDVPFIEERHRHRFEVNPNLIKQFEQNDLSFVGQDVDGDR
                     MEIIELANHPYFVGVQFHPEFSSRPMKPSPPYLGLLLAATGNLNAYLQQGCKLSSSDR
                     YSDASDDSFSEPRIAELEIS"
     exon            541..711
                     /gene="CTPS2"
                     /gene_synonym="GATD5B"
                     /inference="alignment:Splign:2.1.0"
     exon            712..812
                     /gene="CTPS2"
                     /gene_synonym="GATD5B"
                     /inference="alignment:Splign:2.1.0"
     exon            813..929
                     /gene="CTPS2"
                     /gene_synonym="GATD5B"
                     /inference="alignment:Splign:2.1.0"
     exon            930..1013
                     /gene="CTPS2"
                     /gene_synonym="GATD5B"
                     /inference="alignment:Splign:2.1.0"
     exon            1014..1094
                     /gene="CTPS2"
                     /gene_synonym="GATD5B"
                     /inference="alignment:Splign:2.1.0"
     exon            1095..1246
                     /gene="CTPS2"
                     /gene_synonym="GATD5B"
                     /inference="alignment:Splign:2.1.0"
     exon            1247..1379
                     /gene="CTPS2"
                     /gene_synonym="GATD5B"
                     /inference="alignment:Splign:2.1.0"
     exon            1380..1468
                     /gene="CTPS2"
                     /gene_synonym="GATD5B"
                     /inference="alignment:Splign:2.1.0"
     exon            1469..1563
                     /gene="CTPS2"
                     /gene_synonym="GATD5B"
                     /inference="alignment:Splign:2.1.0"
     exon            1564..1626
                     /gene="CTPS2"
                     /gene_synonym="GATD5B"
                     /inference="alignment:Splign:2.1.0"
     exon            1627..1670
                     /gene="CTPS2"
                     /gene_synonym="GATD5B"
                     /inference="alignment:Splign:2.1.0"
     exon            1671..1767
                     /gene="CTPS2"
                     /gene_synonym="GATD5B"
                     /inference="alignment:Splign:2.1.0"
     exon            1768..1823
                     /gene="CTPS2"
                     /gene_synonym="GATD5B"
                     /inference="alignment:Splign:2.1.0"
     exon            1824..1920
                     /gene="CTPS2"
                     /gene_synonym="GATD5B"
                     /inference="alignment:Splign:2.1.0"
     exon            1921..2065
                     /gene="CTPS2"
                     /gene_synonym="GATD5B"
                     /inference="alignment:Splign:2.1.0"
     exon            2066..2176
                     /gene="CTPS2"
                     /gene_synonym="GATD5B"
                     /inference="alignment:Splign:2.1.0"
     exon            2177..3953
                     /gene="CTPS2"
                     /gene_synonym="GATD5B"
                     /inference="alignment:Splign:2.1.0"
     regulatory      2380..2385
                     /regulatory_class="polyA_signal_sequence"
                     /gene="CTPS2"
                     /gene_synonym="GATD5B"
                     /note="hexamer: ATTAAA"
     polyA_site      2403
                     /gene="CTPS2"
                     /gene_synonym="GATD5B"
                     /note="major polyA site"
     regulatory      3923..3928
                     /regulatory_class="polyA_signal_sequence"
                     /gene="CTPS2"
                     /gene_synonym="GATD5B"
                     /note="hexamer: AATAAA"
     polyA_site      3953
                     /gene="CTPS2"
                     /gene_synonym="GATD5B"
ORIGIN      
        1 agtgcgtcca gagcggaggg tgacgggagc tgcctgtgct ggaggaatca ctttttaggc
       61 gcttgttttg gaccattgca caaacccggg tgcaaacccc aagctcacca gcgtgagtga
      121 gctgggccag cagcagggag gagaggggaa ggtgggcgag gagggcgccg cgcaccccga
      181 ggcccgtgtg ggcggtggga agatcccggg ggcggctttg gacagccccg gcagcgaccc
      241 cttccccagc ccgacaggtg agcgccaggc cagccgcggg gtggagcccg ccgtgcccac
      301 cggccaccct ccccggtgct accaccaccg cgcagattat atctgggtgt tggcacccag
      361 ccactattct gccaatgaag tacatcctgg tcacgggtgg ggtcatctca ggcattggta
      421 aagggatcat tgccagcagc attggaacga ttctaaaatc atgtggactc cgagttactg
      481 ccataaaaat cgacccctat attaacatcg atgctggcac tttttcacct tatgaacacg
      541 gtgaagtctt cgtcttaaat gatggtggag aagttgattt agaccttgga aattatgaaa
      601 gatttttgga tattaatctt tataaagaca acaatatcac cacggggaag atatatcagc
      661 atgtgatcaa taaagagagg cgtggtgatt acctggggaa aacagtgcaa gttgtccctc
      721 acattactga tgctgtccag gagtgggtta tgaatcaagc caaggtgccg gtggatggta
      781 ataaggaaga gccccaaata tgcgttattg agctgggagg caccattgga gacatcgaag
      841 gaatgccgtt tgtggaggcg tttagacaat tccagtttaa ggcgaaaaga gagaatttct
      901 gtaatatcca cgttagcctt gtcccacagc tcagtgctac cggagaacaa aaaaccaaac
      961 ccacccaaaa cagcgtccgc gcactgaggg gtttaggcct gtctccagat ctgattgtct
     1021 gccgaagttc aacgcccatt gagatggccg tgaaggagaa gatttctatg ttttgtcacg
     1081 tgaaccctga acaggtcata tgtatccatg atgtttcttc cacataccga gttcctgtgc
     1141 ttttagagga acaaagcatt gtgaaatatt ttaaggagag attgcacctg cccatcggtg
     1201 attctgcaag taatttgctt tttaagtgga gaaatatggc tgacaggtat gaaaggttac
     1261 agaaaatatg ctccatagcc ctggttggca aatacaccaa gctcagagac tgctacgcct
     1321 ctgtgttcaa agccctggaa cactcagccc tggccatcaa ccacaagttg aatctgatgt
     1381 acatagactc cattgatctg gagaagatca ctgaaaccga ggaccctgtg aaatttcatg
     1441 aagcttggca gaagctatgc aaagctgatg gtattcttgt gcctggaggc tttggaatca
     1501 gaggaacatt gggaaaactc caggcgattt cttgggcaag gacaaagaag attccttttc
     1561 tgggagtttg tcttgggatg caactagcag tgatagagtt tgcaagaaac tgccttaact
     1621 tgaaagatgc tgattccaca gagtttaggc caaatgcccc agttcctctg gtgattgata
     1681 tgcccgagca caaccctggc aatttgggag gaacaatgag actgggaata agaagaactg
     1741 ttttcaaaac tgaaaattca atattaagga aactttatgg tgatgttcct tttatagaag
     1801 aaagacacag acatcggttc gaggtaaacc ctaacctgat caaacaattt gagcagaatg
     1861 acttaagttt tgtaggtcag gatgttgatg gagacaggat ggaaatcatt gaactggcaa
     1921 atcatcctta ttttgttggt gtccagttcc atcctgagtt ttcttctagg ccgatgaagc
     1981 cttcccctcc gtatctgggg ctgttacttg cagcaactgg gaacctgaat gcctacttgc
     2041 aacagggttg caaactgtct tccagtgata gatacagtga tgccagtgat gacagctttt
     2101 cagagccaag gatagctgag ttggaaataa gctgaaatga atacatgact gggaataatg
     2161 gggactgcct gtgaggcctc tgaaataatt gaaggcaaga tgaaggaact atctgaagaa
     2221 atcactacac tcttagagaa tccctctgtt ctccagcaaa catgggatgt aaagcctcac
     2281 agggaatctg ataatacata cttctgtcaa ccagaaccag aggggtagtt ttcttttccc
     2341 tccagaggca gcctttggta cttaaaatat ctgtagctga ttaaattttt cccaacaacc
     2401 tcactgggga gaaagtgtgt tcatgttttg tccagcggat caggatgtta ggatgacgag
     2461 caagagtcca ggtcactgtg cctttgctgt gttgtatgga aaggatggca gggaacatgc
     2521 tgtaagtaat tttgagtaag aaaatgagtc actgtgttac ctggaactca gccacagatt
     2581 tgtgtgtggt ccaagatcat tgcagtttct caccctgttt atttcctggt aaaagtaaaa
     2641 ttgaataggt ccaagacttg ggggtggcaa gtaaggcttt gcctcaggca caaaatttaa
     2701 gggggctcca aaaaactcag gaatcaagat cagcaataca gtctgagtat cccttatgtg
     2761 aaatgcttgg ggctagaagt gttttgaatt tcagattttg gaatatttgc atatacatgc
     2821 gatatcttgg ggatgagact caagactaaa catgaaattc atttatgctt catatacacc
     2881 ttatatacat agcctaaagg taatttgata caatatttta aataattttg tgcatgaaac
     2941 aaagtttcga ctgcattttg actgtgattt ctggcatgag atcagttatg gaattttcca
     3001 cttctagcgt catgttggca ttcagaaatt ttgaaatttt ggagcatttt ggattttcag
     3061 attagggatg ctcaacctgt atatatattt tttaatcgac gtgaaattca cgtaacatag
     3121 aattaaccat tttgaagtga acaatttggt tgcattcact gatgttgagc aaccaccacc
     3181 tttaactatt tccaaaacat tttcatcact ccaaaataaa tgcctgtaca cactagcagt
     3241 cactccctat cttcccctcc acctgtccgc tggcaaccac tgatctcctt tttatttctg
     3301 tggctttttc tattctggat atttcatata agtggaatta cacaatatat gtggtctttt
     3361 gtgtctggct tcttctgaga cagtaggaag gggggcttgg ctttggctca cccccactag
     3421 agcatttttt catgcattcc cactgatcac aaaacccata ctactacctc attgacacca
     3481 tacctgctaa cctcgaggct ttagtcatac aaagaaaatg gcctttctgt attgttcttc
     3541 tgtgctctca taatgcttaa ccatgtcttt tacttaaaca attccaggaa ctggccttag
     3601 gagatccaaa tagggaacca agattgcaga gtgtcccatc ttgggaggga atgctgaata
     3661 attaattgat ttacagcctt gttgccgctg gccagaccac caggtggccc attactcgag
     3721 atgatcatca caaccagatg atgctaacct atatcctcta cccttcgcgt gctttgtctg
     3781 ggaagtcttt tggccccatg tcagtttcta ttgcattgag agcccaagag cccctggtca
     3841 gtcaggcttc catttagcat ggcgtttgca aggtttaccc atgttgtagc atgtgtcaga
     3901 atttcattcc tttctatggc tgaataaaat tccattgtat gaatatacca caa
//
