LOCUS       NM_001899                749 bp    mRNA    linear   PRI 01-JUN-2024
DEFINITION  Homo sapiens cystatin S (CST4), mRNA.
ACCESSION   NM_001899
VERSION     NM_001899.3
KEYWORDS    RefSeq; MANE Select.
SOURCE      Homo sapiens (human)
  ORGANISM  Homo sapiens
            Eukaryota; Metazoa; Chordata; Craniata; Vertebrata; Euteleostomi;
            Mammalia; Eutheria; Euarchontoglires; Primates; Haplorrhini;
            Catarrhini; Hominidae; Homo.
REFERENCE   1  (bases 1 to 749)
  AUTHORS   Huang,M., Yang,Z., Ren,J., Wang,T., Chen,D., Zhan,Y., Le,W. and
            Deng,S.
  TITLE     The Diagnosis Significance of Serum Cysteine Protease Inhibitors
            (CST4) in Colorectal Cancer
  JOURNAL   Technol Cancer Res Treat 22, 15330338231164232 (2023)
   PUBMED   37122229
  REMARK    GeneRIF: The Diagnosis Significance of Serum Cysteine Protease
            Inhibitors (CST4) in Colorectal Cancer.
REFERENCE   2  (bases 1 to 749)
  AUTHORS   Wang,S., Wang,C., Liu,O., Hu,Y., Li,X. and Lin,B.
  TITLE     Prognostic value of immune-related cells and genes in the tumor
            microenvironment of ovarian cancer, especially CST4
  JOURNAL   Life Sci 277, 119461 (2021)
   PUBMED   33811900
  REMARK    GeneRIF: Prognostic value of immune-related cells and genes in the
            tumor microenvironment of ovarian cancer, especially CST4.
REFERENCE   3  (bases 1 to 749)
  AUTHORS   Luck,K., Kim,D.K., Lambourne,L., Spirohn,K., Begg,B.E., Bian,W.,
            Brignall,R., Cafarelli,T., Campos-Laborie,F.J., Charloteaux,B.,
            Choi,D., Cote,A.G., Daley,M., Deimling,S., Desbuleux,A., Dricot,A.,
            Gebbia,M., Hardy,M.F., Kishore,N., Knapp,J.J., Kovacs,I.A.,
            Lemmens,I., Mee,M.W., Mellor,J.C., Pollis,C., Pons,C.,
            Richardson,A.D., Schlabach,S., Teeking,B., Yadav,A., Babor,M.,
            Balcha,D., Basha,O., Bowman-Colin,C., Chin,S.F., Choi,S.G.,
            Colabella,C., Coppin,G., D'Amata,C., De Ridder,D., De Rouck,S.,
            Duran-Frigola,M., Ennajdaoui,H., Goebels,F., Goehring,L., Gopal,A.,
            Haddad,G., Hatchi,E., Helmy,M., Jacob,Y., Kassa,Y., Landini,S.,
            Li,R., van Lieshout,N., MacWilliams,A., Markey,D., Paulson,J.N.,
            Rangarajan,S., Rasla,J., Rayhan,A., Rolland,T., San-Miguel,A.,
            Shen,Y., Sheykhkarimli,D., Sheynkman,G.M., Simonovsky,E., Tasan,M.,
            Tejeda,A., Tropepe,V., Twizere,J.C., Wang,Y., Weatheritt,R.J.,
            Weile,J., Xia,Y., Yang,X., Yeger-Lotem,E., Zhong,Q., Aloy,P.,
            Bader,G.D., De Las Rivas,J., Gaudet,S., Hao,T., Rak,J.,
            Tavernier,J., Hill,D.E., Vidal,M., Roth,F.P. and Calderwood,M.A.
  TITLE     A reference map of the human binary protein interactome
  JOURNAL   Nature 580 (7803), 402-408 (2020)
   PUBMED   32296183
REFERENCE   4  (bases 1 to 749)
  AUTHORS   Yadav,V.K., Mandal,R.S., Puniya,B.L., Singh,S. and Yadav,S.
  TITLE     Studies on the interactions of SAP-1 (an N-terminal truncated form
            of cystatin S) with its binding partners by CD-spectroscopic and
            molecular docking methods
  JOURNAL   J Biomol Struct Dyn 33 (1), 147-157 (2015)
   PUBMED   24261636
  REMARK    GeneRIF: Findings suggest the mechanism of inhibition of SAP-1 (an
            N-terminal truncated form of cystatin S) for different proteases.
REFERENCE   5  (bases 1 to 749)
  AUTHORS   Akerblom,A., Eriksson,N., Wallentin,L., Siegbahn,A., Barratt,B.J.,
            Becker,R.C., Budaj,A., Himmelmann,A., Husted,S., Storey,R.F.,
            Johansson,A. and James,S.K.
  CONSRTM   PLATO Investigators
  TITLE     Polymorphism of the cystatin C gene in patients with acute coronary
            syndromes: Results from the PLATelet inhibition and patient
            Outcomes study
  JOURNAL   Am Heart J 168 (1), 96-102 (2014)
   PUBMED   24952865
REFERENCE   6  (bases 1 to 749)
  AUTHORS   Takahashi,M., Honda,Y., Ogawa,K. and Barka,T.
  TITLE     Immunofluorescence localization of cystatins in human lacrimal
            gland and in the exorbital lacrimal gland of the rat
  JOURNAL   Acta Ophthalmol (Copenh) 70 (5), 625-631 (1992)
   PUBMED   1471486
REFERENCE   7  (bases 1 to 749)
  AUTHORS   Saitoh,E., Isemura,S., Sanada,K. and Ohnishi,K.
  TITLE     Characterization of two members (CST4 and CST5) of the cystatin
            gene family and molecular evolution of cystatin genes
  JOURNAL   Agents Actions Suppl 38 (Pt 1), 340-348 (1992)
   PUBMED   1334620
REFERENCE   8  (bases 1 to 749)
  AUTHORS   Ramasubbu,N., Reddy,M.S., Bergey,E.J., Haraszthy,G.G., Soni,S.D.
            and Levine,M.J.
  TITLE     Large-scale purification and characterization of the major
            phosphoproteins and mucins of human submandibular-sublingual saliva
  JOURNAL   Biochem J 280 (Pt 2) (Pt 2), 341-352 (1991)
   PUBMED   1747107
REFERENCE   9  (bases 1 to 749)
  AUTHORS   Isemura,S., Saitoh,E., Sanada,K. and Minakata,K.
  TITLE     Identification of full-sized forms of salivary (S-type) cystatins
            (cystatin SN, cystatin SA, cystatin S, and two phosphorylated forms
            of cystatin S) in human whole saliva and determination of
            phosphorylation sites of cystatin S
  JOURNAL   J Biochem 110 (4), 648-654 (1991)
   PUBMED   1778989
REFERENCE   10 (bases 1 to 749)
  AUTHORS   Johnsson,M., Richardson,C.F., Bergey,E.J., Levine,M.J. and
            Nancollas,G.H.
  TITLE     The effects of human salivary cystatins and statherin on
            hydroxyapatite crystallization
  JOURNAL   Arch Oral Biol 36 (9), 631-636 (1991)
   PUBMED   1741693
COMMENT     REVIEWED REFSEQ: This record has been curated by NCBI staff. The
            reference sequence was derived from AL359433.7 and X54667.1.
            
            On Jul 2, 2020 this sequence version replaced NM_001899.2.
            
            Summary: The cystatin superfamily encompasses proteins that contain
            multiple cystatin-like sequences. Some of the members are active
            cysteine protease inhibitors, while others have lost or perhaps
            never acquired this inhibitory activity. There are three inhibitory
            families in the superfamily, including the type 1 cystatins
            (stefins), type 2 cystatins and the kininogens. The type 2 cystatin
            proteins are a class of cysteine proteinase inhibitors found in a
            variety of human fluids and secretions. The cystatin locus on
            chromosome 20 contains the majority of the type 2 cystatin genes
            and pseudogenes. This gene is located in the cystatin locus and
            encodes a type 2 salivary cysteine peptidase inhibitor. The protein
            is an S-type cystatin, based on its high level of expression in
            saliva, tears and seminal plasma. The specific role in these fluids
            is unclear but antibacterial and antiviral activity is present,
            consistent with a protective function. [provided by RefSeq, Jul
            2008].
            
            Publication Note:  This RefSeq record includes a subset of the
            publications that are available for this gene. Please see the Gene
            record to access additional publications.
            
            ##Evidence-Data-START##
            Transcript exon combination :: X54667.1, BP333642.1 [ECO:0000332]
            RNAseq introns              :: single sample supports all introns
                                           SAMEA1968832, SAMN03465412
                                           [ECO:0000348]
            ##Evidence-Data-END##
            
            ##RefSeq-Attributes-START##
            MANE Ensembl match     :: ENST00000217423.4/ ENSP00000217423.3
            RefSeq Select criteria :: based on single protein-coding transcript
            ##RefSeq-Attributes-END##
            COMPLETENESS: complete on the 3' end.
PRIMARY     REFSEQ_SPAN         PRIMARY_IDENTIFIER PRIMARY_SPAN        COMP
            1-46                AL359433.7         17585-17630         c
            47-419              X54667.1           34-406
            420-542             AL359433.7         14439-14561         c
            543-749             X54667.1           530-736
FEATURES             Location/Qualifiers
     source          1..749
                     /organism="Homo sapiens"
                     /mol_type="mRNA"
                     /db_xref="taxon:9606"
                     /chromosome="20"
                     /map="20p11.21"
     gene            1..749
                     /gene="CST4"
                     /note="cystatin S"
                     /db_xref="GeneID:1472"
                     /db_xref="HGNC:HGNC:2476"
                     /db_xref="MIM:123857"
     exon            1..297
                     /gene="CST4"
                     /inference="alignment:Splign:2.1.0"
     CDS             70..495
                     /gene="CST4"
                     /note="cystatin 4; cystatin-SA-III; salivary acidic
                     protein 1"
                     /codon_start=1
                     /product="cystatin-S precursor"
                     /protein_id="NP_001890.1"
                     /db_xref="CCDS:CCDS13159.1"
                     /db_xref="GeneID:1472"
                     /db_xref="HGNC:HGNC:2476"
                     /db_xref="MIM:123857"
                     /translation="MARPLCTLLLLMATLAGALASSSKEENRIIPGGIYDADLNDEWV
                     QRALHFAISEYNKATEDEYYRRPLQVLRAREQTFGGVNYFFDVEVGRTICTKSQPNLD
                     TCAFHEQPELQKKQLCSFEIYEVPWEDRMSLVNSRCQEA"
     exon            298..411
                     /gene="CST4"
                     /inference="alignment:Splign:2.1.0"
     exon            412..749
                     /gene="CST4"
                     /inference="alignment:Splign:2.1.0"
     regulatory      731..736
                     /regulatory_class="polyA_signal_sequence"
                     /gene="CST4"
                     /note="hexamer: ATTAAA"
     polyA_site      749
                     /gene="CST4"
                     /note="major polyA site"
ORIGIN      
        1 gctccctgcc tcgggctctc accctcctct cctgcagctc cagctttgtg ctctgcctct
       61 gaggagacca tggcccggcc tctgtgtacc ctgctactcc tgatggctac cctggctggg
      121 gctctggcct cgagctccaa ggaggagaat aggataatcc caggtggcat ctatgatgca
      181 gacctcaatg atgagtgggt acagcgtgcc cttcacttcg ccatcagcga gtacaacaag
      241 gccaccgaag atgagtacta cagacgcccg ctgcaggtgc tgcgagccag ggagcagacc
      301 tttggggggg tgaattactt cttcgacgta gaggtgggcc gcaccatatg taccaagtcc
      361 cagcccaact tggacacctg tgccttccat gaacagccag aactgcagaa gaaacagttg
      421 tgctctttcg agatctacga agttccctgg gaggacagaa tgtccctggt gaattccagg
      481 tgtcaagaag cctaggggtc tgtgccaggc cagtcacacc gaccaccacc cactcccacc
      541 cactgtagtg ctcccacccc tggactggtg gcccccaccc tgcgggaggc ctccccatgt
      601 gcctgtgcca agagacagac agagaaggct gcaggagtcc tttgttgctc agcagggcgc
      661 tctgccctcc ctccttcctt cttgcttcta atagacctgg tacatggtac acacaccccc
      721 acctcctgca attaaacagt agcatcgcc
//
