LOCUS       NM_001322                746 bp    mRNA    linear   PRI 27-APR-2025
DEFINITION  Homo sapiens cystatin SA (CST2), mRNA.
ACCESSION   NM_001322
VERSION     NM_001322.3
KEYWORDS    RefSeq; MANE Select.
SOURCE      Homo sapiens (human)
  ORGANISM  Homo sapiens
            Eukaryota; Metazoa; Chordata; Craniata; Vertebrata; Euteleostomi;
            Mammalia; Eutheria; Euarchontoglires; Primates; Haplorrhini;
            Catarrhini; Hominidae; Homo.
REFERENCE   1  (bases 1 to 746)
  AUTHORS   Lu,Y., Wang,H., Chen,S., Yang,B., Li,Y. and Li,Y.
  TITLE     Cystatin SA attenuates gastric cancer cells growth and increases
            sensitivity to oxaliplatin via PI3K/AKT signaling pathway
  JOURNAL   J Cancer Res Clin Oncol 150 (5), 244 (2024)
   PUBMED   38717526
  REMARK    GeneRIF: Cystatin SA attenuates gastric cancer cells growth and
            increases sensitivity to oxaliplatin via PI3K/AKT signaling
            pathway.
            Publication Status: Online-Only
REFERENCE   2  (bases 1 to 746)
  AUTHORS   Zhang,W.P., Wang,Y., Tan,D. and Xing,C.G.
  TITLE     Cystatin 2 leads to a worse prognosis in patients with gastric
            cancer
  JOURNAL   J Biol Regul Homeost Agents 34 (6), 2059-2067 (2020)
   PUBMED   33302616
  REMARK    GeneRIF: Cystatin 2 leads to a worse prognosis in patients with
            gastric cancer.
REFERENCE   3  (bases 1 to 746)
  AUTHORS   Luck,K., Kim,D.K., Lambourne,L., Spirohn,K., Begg,B.E., Bian,W.,
            Brignall,R., Cafarelli,T., Campos-Laborie,F.J., Charloteaux,B.,
            Choi,D., Cote,A.G., Daley,M., Deimling,S., Desbuleux,A., Dricot,A.,
            Gebbia,M., Hardy,M.F., Kishore,N., Knapp,J.J., Kovacs,I.A.,
            Lemmens,I., Mee,M.W., Mellor,J.C., Pollis,C., Pons,C.,
            Richardson,A.D., Schlabach,S., Teeking,B., Yadav,A., Babor,M.,
            Balcha,D., Basha,O., Bowman-Colin,C., Chin,S.F., Choi,S.G.,
            Colabella,C., Coppin,G., D'Amata,C., De Ridder,D., De Rouck,S.,
            Duran-Frigola,M., Ennajdaoui,H., Goebels,F., Goehring,L., Gopal,A.,
            Haddad,G., Hatchi,E., Helmy,M., Jacob,Y., Kassa,Y., Landini,S.,
            Li,R., van Lieshout,N., MacWilliams,A., Markey,D., Paulson,J.N.,
            Rangarajan,S., Rasla,J., Rayhan,A., Rolland,T., San-Miguel,A.,
            Shen,Y., Sheykhkarimli,D., Sheynkman,G.M., Simonovsky,E., Tasan,M.,
            Tejeda,A., Tropepe,V., Twizere,J.C., Wang,Y., Weatheritt,R.J.,
            Weile,J., Xia,Y., Yang,X., Yeger-Lotem,E., Zhong,Q., Aloy,P.,
            Bader,G.D., De Las Rivas,J., Gaudet,S., Hao,T., Rak,J.,
            Tavernier,J., Hill,D.E., Vidal,M., Roth,F.P. and Calderwood,M.A.
  TITLE     A reference map of the human binary protein interactome
  JOURNAL   Nature 580 (7803), 402-408 (2020)
   PUBMED   32296183
REFERENCE   4  (bases 1 to 746)
  AUTHORS   Cheng,A., Zhao,S., FitzGerald,L.M., Wright,J.L., Kolb,S.,
            Karnes,R.J., Jenkins,R.B., Davicioni,E., Ostrander,E.A., Feng,Z.,
            Fan,J.B., Dai,J.Y. and Stanford,J.L.
  TITLE     A four-gene transcript score to predict metastatic-lethal
            progression in men treated for localized prostate cancer:
            Development and validation studies
  JOURNAL   Prostate 79 (14), 1589-1596 (2019)
   PUBMED   31376183
  REMARK    GeneRIF: tumor biomarker cystatin 2 as part of a four gene
            transcript score has prognostic value for metastatic-lethal
            progression in men treated for localized prostate cancer
REFERENCE   5  (bases 1 to 746)
  AUTHORS   Nandy,S.K. and Seal,A.
  TITLE     Structural Dynamics Investigation of Human Family 1 & 2
            Cystatin-Cathepsin L1 Interaction: A Comparison of Binding Modes
  JOURNAL   PLoS One 11 (10), e0164970 (2016)
   PUBMED   27764212
  REMARK    GeneRIF: interactions of human family 1 & 2 cystatins with
            cathepsin L1
            Publication Status: Online-Only
REFERENCE   6  (bases 1 to 746)
  AUTHORS   Takahashi,M., Honda,Y., Ogawa,K. and Barka,T.
  TITLE     Immunofluorescence localization of cystatins in human lacrimal
            gland and in the exorbital lacrimal gland of the rat
  JOURNAL   Acta Ophthalmol (Copenh) 70 (5), 625-631 (1992)
   PUBMED   1471486
REFERENCE   7  (bases 1 to 746)
  AUTHORS   Abrahamson,M., Jonsdottir,S., Olafsson,I., Jensson,O. and Grubb,A.
  TITLE     Hereditary cystatin C amyloid angiopathy: identification of the
            disease-causing mutation and specific diagnosis by polymerase chain
            reaction based analysis
  JOURNAL   Hum Genet 89 (4), 377-380 (1992)
   PUBMED   1352269
REFERENCE   8  (bases 1 to 746)
  AUTHORS   Isemura,S., Saitoh,E., Sanada,K. and Minakata,K.
  TITLE     Identification of full-sized forms of salivary (S-type) cystatins
            (cystatin SN, cystatin SA, cystatin S, and two phosphorylated forms
            of cystatin S) in human whole saliva and determination of
            phosphorylation sites of cystatin S
  JOURNAL   J Biochem 110 (4), 648-654 (1991)
   PUBMED   1778989
REFERENCE   9  (bases 1 to 746)
  AUTHORS   Bobek,L.A., Aguirre,A. and Levine,M.J.
  TITLE     Human salivary cystatin S. Cloning, sequence analysis,
            hybridization in situ and immunocytochemistry
  JOURNAL   Biochem J 278 (Pt 3) (Pt 3), 627-635 (1991)
   PUBMED   1898352
REFERENCE   10 (bases 1 to 746)
  AUTHORS   Abrahamson,M., Olafsson,I., Palsdottir,A., Ulvsback,M.,
            Lundwall,A., Jensson,O. and Grubb,A.
  TITLE     Structure and expression of the human cystatin C gene
  JOURNAL   Biochem J 268 (2), 287-294 (1990)
   PUBMED   2363674
COMMENT     REVIEWED REFSEQ: This record has been curated by NCBI staff. The
            reference sequence was derived from AL591074.10.
            
            On Nov 26, 2018 this sequence version replaced NM_001322.2.
            
            Summary: The cystatin superfamily encompasses proteins that contain
            multiple cystatin-like sequences. Some of the members are active
            cysteine protease inhibitors, while others have lost or perhaps
            never acquired this inhibitory activity. There are three inhibitory
            families in the superfamily, including the type 1 cystatins
            (stefins), type 2 cystatins and the kininogens. The type 2 cystatin
            proteins are a class of cysteine proteinase inhibitors found in a
            variety of human fluids and secretions, where they appear to
            provide protective functions. The cystatin locus on chromosome 20
            contains the majority of the type 2 cystatin genes and pseudogenes.
            This gene is located in the cystatin locus and encodes a secreted
            thiol protease inhibitor found at high levels in saliva, tears and
            seminal plasma. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008].
            
            Publication Note:  This RefSeq record includes a subset of the
            publications that are available for this gene. Please see the Gene
            record to access additional publications.
            
            ##Evidence-Data-START##
            Transcript exon combination :: CK905410.1, BC062679.1 [ECO:0000332]
            RNAseq introns              :: single sample supports all introns
                                           SAMEA1968832, SAMEA2151887
                                           [ECO:0000348]
            ##Evidence-Data-END##
            
            ##RefSeq-Attributes-START##
            MANE Ensembl match     :: ENST00000304725.3/ ENSP00000307540.2
            RefSeq Select criteria :: based on single protein-coding transcript
            ##RefSeq-Attributes-END##
            COMPLETENESS: full length.
PRIMARY     REFSEQ_SPAN         PRIMARY_IDENTIFIER PRIMARY_SPAN        COMP
            1-297               AL591074.10        116700-116996       c
            298-411             AL591074.10        115477-115590       c
            412-746             AL591074.10        114036-114370       c
FEATURES             Location/Qualifiers
     source          1..746
                     /organism="Homo sapiens"
                     /mol_type="mRNA"
                     /db_xref="taxon:9606"
                     /chromosome="20"
                     /map="20p11.21"
     gene            1..746
                     /gene="CST2"
                     /note="cystatin SA"
                     /db_xref="GeneID:1470"
                     /db_xref="HGNC:HGNC:2474"
                     /db_xref="MIM:123856"
     exon            1..297
                     /gene="CST2"
                     /inference="alignment:Splign:2.1.0"
     CDS             70..495
                     /gene="CST2"
                     /note="cystatin 2; cystatin S5; salivary cysteine (thiol)
                     protease inhibitor; cysteine-proteinase inhibitor"
                     /codon_start=1
                     /product="cystatin-SA precursor"
                     /protein_id="NP_001313.1"
                     /db_xref="CCDS:CCDS13161.1"
                     /db_xref="GeneID:1470"
                     /db_xref="HGNC:HGNC:2474"
                     /db_xref="MIM:123856"
                     /translation="MAWPLCTLLLLLATQAVALAWSPQEEDRIIEGGIYDADLNDERV
                     QRALHFVISEYNKATEDEYYRRLLRVLRAREQIVGGVNYFFDIEVGRTICTKSQPNLD
                     TCAFHEQPELQKKQLCSFQIYEVPWEDRMSLVNSRCQEA"
     exon            298..411
                     /gene="CST2"
                     /inference="alignment:Splign:2.1.0"
     exon            412..746
                     /gene="CST2"
                     /inference="alignment:Splign:2.1.0"
     regulatory      728..733
                     /regulatory_class="polyA_signal_sequence"
                     /gene="CST2"
                     /note="hexamer: ATTAAA"
     polyA_site      746
                     /gene="CST2"
                     /note="major polyA site"
ORIGIN      
        1 gatccccgcc tcaggctctc aacctcctct cctgcagctc cagctctgtg ctctgcctcc
       61 gaggagacca tggcctggcc cctgtgcacc ctgctgctcc tgctggccac ccaggctgtg
      121 gccctggcct ggagccccca ggaggaggac aggataatcg agggtggcat ctatgatgca
      181 gacctcaatg atgagcgggt acagcgtgcc cttcactttg tcatcagcga gtataacaag
      241 gccactgaag atgagtacta cagacgcctg ctgcgggtgc tacgagccag ggagcagatc
      301 gtgggcgggg tgaattactt cttcgacata gaggtgggcc gaaccatatg taccaagtcc
      361 cagcccaact tggacacctg tgccttccat gaacagccag aactgcagaa gaaacagttg
      421 tgctctttcc agatctacga agttccctgg gaggacagaa tgtccctggt gaattccagg
      481 tgtcaagaag cctagggatc tgtgccaggg agtcacactg accacctcct actcccaccc
      541 cttgtagtgc tcccacccct ggactggtgg cccccaccct gtgggaggtc tccccatgca
      601 cctgcagcag gagaagacag agaaggctgc aggaggcctt tgttgctcag caggggactc
      661 tgccctccct ccttcctttt gcttctcata gccctggtac atggtacaca cacccccacc
      721 tcctgcaatt aaacagtagc atcacc
//
